Feeding behavior of black fly larvae and retention of fine particulate organic matter in a high-gradient blackwater stream

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Miller ◽  
M Kurzhals ◽  
A E Hershey ◽  
R W Merritt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Black Fly ◽  
High Gradient ◽  
Fine Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Blackwater Stream ◽  
Fly Larvae

We studied the feeding behavior of black fly larvae and aspects of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) retention in four riffles in a high-gradient blackwater stream in northeastern Minnesota, U.S.A., using fluorescent particulate dyes as tracers of FPOM. Radiant Red and Radiant Deep Green dye particles were added sequentially to the stream above the upper riffle during two sequential 10-min pulses separated by a 5-min interval with no dye addition. Gut analyses showed that green particles were ingested progressively more at downstream riffles well after the dye pulse had passed, but red particles showed the opposite pattern. Samples of Cladophora sp. collected at the same intervals showed that green dye particles were preferentially retained over red ones by filamentous algae, and thus would have been more available than red particles to larvae functioning as collector-gatherers. Our work strongly suggests that collector-gatherer behavior, in addition to collector-filterer behavior, is important for obtaining very fine particles by larval black flies. Our work also shows that although fluorescent dye particles are useful tracers of very fine particulate organic matter for feeding studies, the two similar-sized but different-colored particles used in this study behaved differently in terms of retention on Cladophora sp. By analogy, other similar-sized FPOM, which would be more heterogeneous chemically and physically than the dye particles, might also be expected to exhibit diverse behavior, affecting its availability to consumers.

scholarly journals Metabarcoding-based fungal diversity on coarse and fine particulate organic matter in a first-order stream in Nova Scotia, Canada

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Wurzbacher ◽  
Ivan J. Grimmett ◽  
Felix Bärlocher
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Fine Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate

Most streams receive substantial inputs of allochthonous organic material in the form of leaves and twigs (CPOM, coarse particulate organic matter). Mechanical and biological processing converts this into fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). Other sources of particles include flocculated dissolved matter and soil particles. Fungi are known to play a role in the CPOM conversion process, but the taxonomic affiliations of these fungi remain poorly studied. The present study seeks to shed light on the composition of fungal communities on FPOM and CPOM as assessed in a natural stream in Nova Scotia, Canada. Maple leaves were exposed in a stream for four weeks and their fungal community evaluated through pyrosequencing. Over the same period, four FPOM size fractions were collected by filtration and assessed. Particles had much lower ergosterol contents than leaves, suggesting major differences in the extent of fungal colonization. Pyrosequencing documented a total of 821 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTU), of which 726 were exclusive to particles and 47 to leaf samples. Most fungal phyla were represented, including yeast lineages (e.g., Taphrinaceae and Saccharomycotina), Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Cryptomycota, but several classes of Pezizomycontina (Ascomycota) dominated. Cluster dendrograms clearly separated fungal communities from leaves and from particles. Characterizing fungal communities may shed some light on the processing pathways of fine particles in streams and broadens our view of the phylogenetic composition of fungi in freshwater ecosystems.

scholarly journals Metabarcoding-based fungal diversity on coarse and fine particulate organic matter in a first-order stream in Nova Scotia, Canada

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Wurzbacher ◽  
Ivan J. Grimmett ◽  
Felix Bärlocher
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
Fine Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate

Most streams receive substantial inputs of allochthonous organic material in the form of leaves and twigs (CPOM, coarse particulate organic matter). Mechanical and biological processing converts this into fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). Other sources of particles include flocculated dissolved matter and soil particles. Fungi are known to play a role in the CPOM conversion process, but the taxonomic affiliations of these fungi remain poorly studied. The present study seeks to shed light on the composition of fungal communities on FPOM and CPOM as assessed in a natural stream in Nova Scotia, Canada. Maple leaves were exposed in a stream for four weeks and their fungal community evaluated through pyrosequencing. Over the same period, four FPOM size fractions were collected by filtration and assessed. Particles had much lower ergosterol contents than leaves, suggesting major differences in the extent of fungal colonization. Pyrosequencing documented a total of 821 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTU), of which 726 were exclusive to particles and 47 to leaf samples. Characterizing fungal communities may shed some light on the origins and processing pathways of fine particles in streams and broadens our view of the phylogenetic composition of fungi in freshwater ecosystems.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF HYDROLOGIC FLUCTUATIONS ON THE TRANSPORT OF FINE PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER IN THE NANAKITA RIVER

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 1519-1524
Author(s):  
Sitang PILAILAR ◽  
Takashi SAKAMAKI ◽  
Yuko HARA ◽  
Norihiro IZUMI ◽  
Hitoshi TANAKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate

scholarly journals Spatially Varying Trophic Effects of Reservoir-Derived Plankton on Stream Macroinvertebrates Among Heterogeneous Habitats Within Reaches

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinji Takahashi ◽  
Yasuhiro Takemon ◽  
Tatsuo Omura ◽  
Kozo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
List Type ◽  
Fine Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Stream Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Lotic Habitats ◽  
Filter Feeders ◽  
Trophic Impact

SummaryDam reservoirs often supply high amounts of plankton to downstream reaches, leading to a critical shift of trophic origins of stream ecosystems from natural sources (e.g. attached algae and terrestrial inputs) to reservoir-oriented plankton. Although this is a widely observed phenomenon, previous studies focused only on lotic habitats (e.g. riffles) rather than lentic habitats such as backwaters and isolated ponds (IP).Using a stable isotope three-source mixing model, we evaluated trophic contributions of reservoir-derived plankton, epilithon and terrestrial leaves to stream macroinvertebrates at four dam outlet reaches and two reference reaches in the Natori River catchment, Japan. We compared four different habitat types co-occurring within the reaches: lotic habitat (riffle and pool), bar-head (BH) lentic habitat, bar-tail (BT) lentic habitat (backwater) and isolated pond (IP) on sandy bars.The trophic contributions of reservoir-derived plankton were significantly lower in lentic habitats (BH, 15.4%; BT, 10.4%; IP, 9.1%) than in lotic habitats (mean, 27.7%). This was especially notable for filter feeders that feed on suspended fine particulate organic matter (SFPOM). The three-source model analysis indicated a lower biomass proportion of dam plankton in lentic SFPOM (mean, 21.2%) than in lotic SFPOM (mean, 35.6%). This difference in SFPOM composition was reflected in the lower trophic contribution of dam plankton to lentic filter feeders.The abundance ratio of filter feeders in the community was decreased in lentic habitats, while the abundance ratios of collector-gatherers, scrapers and shredders were increased. Macroinvertebrates in lentic habitats fed on sources less mixed with reservoir-derived plankton (e.g. benthic coarse particulate organic matter [BCPOM], benthic fine particulate organic matter [BFPOM] and epilithon); therefore, the trophic impact of reservoirs was indistinctive at the community level, indicating that lentic habitats can function as trophic refugia to mitigate the trophic impact of reservoirs.Because lentic habitats were decreased in area (accounting for 5.7% of average total area) in the downstream reaches of dams due to riverbed degradation, lentic habitats must be created in order to restore the trophic impact of reservoirs in river ecosystems.

scholarly journals Coarse and Fine Particulate Organic Matter Transport by a Fourth-Order Mountain Stream to Lake Bourget (France)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2783
Author(s):  
Jérémie Gaillard ◽  
Vincent Chanudet ◽  
Guillaume Cunillera ◽  
Etienne Dambrine
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Fine Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Litter Accumulation ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Matter Transport ◽  
Lakes And Reservoirs ◽  
Lake Bourget

Transport of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) derived from forest litterfall has been hardly studied in rivers, unlike fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) or dissolved organic matter (DOM). Yet, many rivers are dammed or run into lakes, and there is growing evidence that CPOM accumulation in river delta participates substantially in ecological processes such as greenhouse gas emissions of lakes and reservoirs. We investigated the transport of CPOM and FPOM by the Leysse River (discharge from 0.2 to 106 m3 s−1) to Lake Bourget (France) in relation to aerial litter deposition, river network length, and discharge. Over a 19-month study period, the volume-weighted mean CPOM and FPOM concentrations were 1.3 and 7.7 g m−3, respectively. Most CPOM and FPOM transport occurred during major flood events, and there were power relationships between maximum discharge and particulate organic matter (POM) transport during these events. The annual export of CPOM (190 t AFDM) was 85% of the litter accumulation in autumn on permanent sections of the riverbed (224 t AFDM), which suggests that export is a major process compared to breakdown. Export of CPOM was 1.25 t yr−1 km−2 of the forested catchment area. This study highlights the need to account for long-range CPOM transport to describe the fate of litter inputs to streams and to quantify the organic matter input and processing in lakes and reservoirs.

Transport dynamics of fine particulate organic matter in two Idaho streams

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1101-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colbert E. Cushing ◽  
G. Wayne Minshall ◽  
J. Denis Newbold
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Fine Particulate
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document