Seasonal distribution, maturity, condition, and feeding of smooth flounder (Pleuronectes putnami) in the Miramichi estuary, southern Gulf of St. Lawrence

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1226-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mark Hanson ◽  
Simon C. Courtenay
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
Lower Estuary ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Crangon Septemspinosa ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Sexually Mature

Smooth flounder, Pleuronectes putnami, were collected by seine, trawl, and sampling of a commercial trap-net fishery in the Miramichi estuary in 1991–1993. Smooth flounder mainly occurred in the upstream half of the estuary during spring and summer but also occupied the lower estuary during late autumn and winter. Small (total length < 10 cm) fish were captured only in nearshore (< 1.5 m deep) waters during summer months but moved to deeper water during autumn. Large fish (> 15 cm long) were found only in the deeper (> 2.5 m) offshore waters. The size at which 50% of fish became sexually mature was 9.6 cm for males compared with 13.5 cm for females (presumed age 1 or older for both sexes). Most smooth flounder spawned during December. Body condition peaked during July, and lowest values were found during February; however, it probably declined further during March (when observations were not possible) because smooth flounder did not feed during winter months. Feeding activity was highest during June and July and declined during October and November, and all stomachs were empty during January and February. The principal prey of smooth flounder > 5 cm long was small bivalves. Very small amounts (never more than 5% of diet by mass) of sand shrimp (Crangon septemspinosa), crabs (Rhithropanopeus harrisi), and polychaetes were also eaten.

scholarly journals Aetiology and epidemiology of viral croup in Glasgow, 1966–72

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Buchan ◽  
Karen W. Marten ◽  
D. H. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Small Peak ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Viral Croup

SUMMARYA retrospective study of 258 children admitted to Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow, with croup between 1966 and 1972 indicated that the viruses most frequently associated with the syndrome were parainfluenza types 1 and 3 and influenza A. Most cases were admitted in the late autumn and winter months, with a small peak in May and June. This seasonal distribution mirrored the circulation of the main causative agents in the community, parainfluenza 1 being principally associated with the autumn cases, influenza A the winter cases and parainfluenza 3 the summer cases. Two of these ‘croup associated’ viruses showed regular periodicity, parainfluenza 1 occurring biennially in even years and influenza A in most years. The periodicity of parainfluenza 3 is as yet undetermined.

Extended grazing of dry cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 189-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
D. W. R. Davies ◽  
W. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Our earlier studies with dry cows have highlighted a number of factors that affect performance in the subsequent lactation, including forage intake in the peri-parturient period, body condition at calving and supply of Metabolisable Protein (MP) (Moorby et al., 1996; Dewhurst et al., 2000). There is now increased interest in making more use of grazed grass, as a cheap feed, particularly through extending grazing into the late-autumn and winter. Dry cows are suited to extended grazing because they do not need to be brought in for milking each day. The high voluntary intakes of grass may be beneficial for dry cows, though the low MP supply from autumn-grass might be a disadvantage. This experiment evaluated the effects of extended grazing, compared with housing and silage-feeding of dry cows.

scholarly journals Reproductive strategies of two Curimatidae species in a Mogi Guaçu impoundment, upper Paraná River basin, São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Peressin ◽  
Cristina da Silva Gonçalves ◽  
Francisco Manoel de Souza Braga
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Upper Paraná River ◽  
Upper Paraná River Basin ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

Considering that reproduction studies are fundamental to understand the life cycle of organisms, this study aimed to investigate the reproductive strategies of saguirus Cyphocharax nagelii and Steindachnerina insculpta in a dam of Mogi Guaçu River, (SP). Specimens were collected between August 2005 and July 2006 using gillnets with mesh sizes ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 cm between adjacent knots. Reproductive dynamics, body condition, reproductive period, spawning type and fecundity were analyzed in both species. The body condition reflected the reproductive dynamics, and differed significantly between the wet and dry seasons. During the dry season, the feeding activity and the accumulation of fat in the visceral cavity were higher. The reproductive period of both species covered the months between August and February, with peaks in October and December, and the distribution of the diameters of oocytes allowed to classify them as total spawners. The fecundity increased with weight and length, reaching 28,800 and 27,906 oocytes per female for C. nagelii and S. insculpta, respectively, whereas the amplitude of oocyte diameters varied between 50-1025 µm for the former and 75-975 µm for the later species. Taking into account that species with different reproductive strategies also respond differently to environmental impacts, our findings provide important information to subsidize management plans for these curimatid species.

scholarly journals Effects of applications of sewage sludge and fertilizer nitrogen on cadmium and lead contents of grass.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
O.J. Hemkes ◽  
A. Kemp ◽  
L.W. van Broekhoven
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Permanent Grassland ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Sludge Application

During 5 successive years, 0, 6, 12 or 18 t/ha yr metal-bearing sewage sludge on a DM basis was applied to permanent grassland. Each sludge application was combined with various N treatments. Cd content of the grass increased considerably with increasing amounts of sewage sludge and fertilizer N; Cd content was higher in young than in old grass. The latter also applied to Pb but the increase in Pb content was less and the relation between the supply of Pb and the Pb content of the grass was poor. During the late autumn and winter the increase in Pb content was striking and was probably caused by pollution from the atmosphere. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals A COMPARISON OF PERENNIAL GRASSES UNDER SHEEP GRAZING ON THE CENTRAL PLATEAU

1983 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
N.S. Percival ◽  
F.R. Duder
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Small Reduction ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Details are given on the production and survival over four years of five perennial grasses under rotational sheep-grazing on a pumice soil. The comparison involved three perennial ryegrasses ('Grasslands Nui and Ruanui', and Yates Ellett), and mixtures of Ellett with 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue and Ellett with 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris. All pastures were sown with white and red clovers. Annual dry matter yields from Nui and Ellett pastures were similar, at about 6,500 kg/ha. Ruanui pastures were on average 600 kg/ha lower. The pastures containing tall fescue and phalaris were similar to Ellett. The major seasonal yield effects were in autumn and winter, when Ruanui pastures were substantially poorer than those with Nui and Ellett. Ryegrass yield of Ellett pasture was greater than Nui, and Nui was greater than Ruanui at all seasons. Ellett ryagrass was a higher proportion of the total yield at all times, and had higher tiller populations than Nui and Ruanui. Neither tall fescue or phalaris were, able to compete with Ellett ryegrass. It is suggested that neither of these be sown with ryegrass. Clover yields were higher in Ruanui than Ellett pastures, with Nui intermediate. The use of Nui, Ellett and Ruanui ryegrasses is related to the problems of seasonal distribution and total annual yields of pastures on the Central Plateau. It is suggested using Nui or Ellett as the base for perennial pastures will give substantial increases in production. Ellett ryegrass had higher survival than Nui which was considered an advantage, though this was achieved at the expense of a small reduction in clover vields. Keywords: Perennial ryegrass, Ellett, Nui, Ruanui, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, canary grass, sheep grazing, central North Island, Central Plateau, grass grub, Argentine stem weevil, Lolium endophyte.

Factors influencing individual predicted total dry matter intake of dairy cattle on farms

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 183-183
Author(s):  
H.C.F. Wicks ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The aim was to estimate the influence of genetic merit (£PIN95) and level of concentrate feeding (Cgrp) on predicted total dry matter intake (tDMI) of individual cows, using records collected from commercial farms. The method described by Wicks & Leaver (2000) was used to estimate individual daily dry matter intakes from seven farms, totalling 4282 monthly records over a two-year period. The method was based on milk production records supplemented by body condition scores and height at withers, which were used to calculated the ME requirements of individual animals. All the records were collected, from autumn and winter (July to March) calving cows during the housed period (August to March).

Fibre growth of cashmere-bearing goats given melatonin in late autumn and winter

1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Mitchell ◽  
K. Betteridge ◽  
M. P. Gurnsey ◽  
R. A. S. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Late Autumn ◽  
Fibre Growth ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The biology of Gammarus (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in the northwestern Atlantic. X. Gammarus finmarchicus Dahl

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1110-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Steele ◽  
V. J. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Long Island ◽  
Long Island Sound ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Island Sound

Gammarus finmarchicus is an amphi-Atlantic species. In the western Atlantic it is found from the island of St. Pierre south to Long Island Sound. At St. Andrews, New Brunswick, 50% maturity occurs at 10.5 mm in the females. Reproduction is in progress throughout the year, but small females evidently are in a resting condition during September–October before breeding. The release of young by the population is greater in the spring, summer, and early autumn than it is in late autumn and winter. The young released in the spring and summer do not reproduce until the next year so that the life cycle is annual.

Seasonal Changes in the Germination Responses of Buried Witchgrass (Panicum capillare) Seeds

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry M. Baskin ◽  
Carol C. Baskin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Buried Seeds ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Buried seeds of witchgrass (Panicum capillare L., # PANCA) exposed to natural seasonal temperature changes in Lexington, KY, for 0 to 35 months exhibited annual dormancy/nondormancy cycles. Seeds were dormant at maturity in early October. During burial in late autumn and winter, fresh seeds and those that had been buried for 1 and 2 years became nondormant. Nondormant seeds germinated from 76 to 100% in light at daily thermoperiods of 15/6, 20/10, 25/15, 30/15, and 35/20 C, while in darkness they germinated from 1 to 24%. In late spring, seeds lost the ability to germinate in darkness, and by late summer 63 to 100% of them had lost the ability to germinate in light. As seeds became nondormant, they germinated (in light) at high (35/20, 30/15 C) and then at lower (25/15, 20/10, and 15/6 C) temperatures. As seeds reentered dormancy, they lost the ability to germinate (in light) at 15/6 C and at higher thermoperiods 2 to 3 months later.

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