Age-related changes in the biliary bile acid composition of bovids

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1193-1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee R. Hagey ◽  
Miriam A. Gavrilkina ◽  
Alan F. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Biliary Bile Acid ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Infant Stage

The biliary bile acid composition of 12 tribes of bovids (66 species, 168 animals) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In adult animals, the biliary bile acids were conjugated with taurine or glycine and consisted mostly (> 90%) of three bile acids: cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and deoxycholic acid (DCA). Biliary bile acid composition did not vary among species, and was identical in male and female bovids. Within each species, there were consistent changes in biliary bile acid composition with age. Three steady-state stages could be distinguished: (1) the fetal stage, when bile acid input is from placental transfer from the mother as well as biosynthesis (from cholesterol) by the newborn liver (45 ± 12% CA; 50 ± 11% CDCA; 5 ± 4% DCA (mean ± SD)); (2) the infant stage, when bile acid input is solely from biosynthesis by the infant liver (80 ± 6% CA; 20 ± 6% CDCA; 0.5 ± 0.7% DCA); and (3) the adult stage, when bile acid input is not only from biosynthesis by the adult liver but also from intestinal absorption of DCA, formed by bacterial 7-dehydroxylation of CA (75 ± 12% CA; 6 ± 7% CDCA; 19 ± 9% DCA). The transition from the infant stage to the adult stage, indicating the development of an anerobic cecum, occurred before weaning. These three stages of biliary bile acid composition are likely to be present in other placental vertebrates, including most primates, in whom a cecum containing an anerobic flora develops after birth; the functional implications of these changes are discussed.

scholarly journals Somatostatin Reduces Bile Secretion and Loss of Bile Constituents in Patients with External Biliary Drainage

HPB Surgery ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Bryde Andersen ◽  
Ljiljana Petronijevic ◽  
Birgitte Giese ◽  
Thorkild Mygind ◽  
Flemming Burcharth
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Biliary Drainage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Bile Secretion ◽  
External Biliary Drainage ◽  
Bile Acid Secretion ◽  
Somatostatin 14

The effect of 24-hours continuous somatostatin 14 infusion on the volume of the bile secretion and on the bile composition were studied in seven patients with malignant biliary obstruction who had transhepatic external biliary drainage.The bile acid composition was measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Somatostatin infusion significantly reduced the daily bile loss from median 473 ml to 140 ml (41 percent, p=0.01) with a concomitant significant reduction in the daily molar loss of cholesterol, triglyceride, Na+, K+, CI−, Ca++ and Mg++. The loss of chloride and sodium was reduced with median 50 mmol/day each (p=0.01). The relative concentrations of the measured bile constituents did not change significantly, except for bile acids (p=0.02): the concentration of glycochenodeoxycholic acid increased significantly (p=0.04). The molar loss of taurocholic acid decreased significantly (p=0.035), so the increased concentration of glycochenodeoxycholic acid resulted only in a marginally significant reduction in the total molar loss of bile acids (p=0.051).Somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of bile secretion. The peptide may be used in severely bile depleted patients for reducing their serious electrolyte and acidity problems. Analysis of bile acid composition by HPLC is well suited for further investigations of the regulatory mechanisms of bile acid secretion.

scholarly journals Metabolism of sulfonate analogs of ursodeoxycholic acid and their effects on biliary bile acid composition in hamsters.

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
T Mikami ◽  
K Kihira ◽  
S Ikawa ◽  
M Yoshii ◽  
S Miki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Ursodeoxycholic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Biliary Bile Acid

Abstract 49: The Transcriptional Repressor MafG Regulates Cholesterol Catabolism

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Q de Aguiar Vallim ◽  
Elizabeth J Tarling ◽  
Hannah Ahn ◽  
Lee R Hagey ◽  
Casey E Romanoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Transcriptional Repressor ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Biliary Bile Acid

Elevated circulating cholesterol levels is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and therefore understanding pathways that affect cholesterol metabolism are important for potential treatment of CVD. The major route for cholesterol excretion is through its catabolism to bile acids. Specific bile acids are also potent signaling molecules that modulate metabolic pathways affecting lipid, glucose and bile acid homeostasis. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and the key enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis ( Cyp7a1 , Cyp8b1 ) are regulated transcriptionally by the nuclear receptor FXR. We have identified an FXR-regulated pathway upstream of a transcriptional repressor that controls multiple bile acid metabolism genes. We identify MafG as an FXR target gene and show that hepatic MAFG overexpression represses genes of the bile acid synthetic pathway, and modifies the biliary bile acid composition. In contrast, MafG loss-of-function studies cause de-repression of the bile acid genes with concordant changes in biliary bile acid levels. Finally, we identify functional MafG response elements in bile acid metabolism genes using ChIP-Seq analysis. Our studies identify a molecular mechanism for the complex feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis controlled by FXR. The identification of this pathway will likely have important implications in metabolic diseases.

Role of amidation in bile acid effect on DNA synthesis by regenerating mouse liver

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. G1051-G1059
Author(s):  
E. R. Barbero ◽  
M. C. Herrera ◽  
M. J. Monte ◽  
M. A. Serrano ◽  
J. J. Marin
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Maximal Effect

Effect of bile acids on DNA synthesis by the regenerating liver was investigated in mice in vivo after partial hepatectomy (PH). Radioactivity incorporation into DNA after [14C]thymidine intraperitoneal administration peaked at 48 h after PH. At this time a significant taurocholate-induced dose-dependent reduction in DNA synthesis without changes in total liver radioactivity content was found (half-maximal effect at approximately 0.1 mumol/g body wt). Effect of taurocholate (0.5 mumol/g body wt) was mimicked by chocolate, ursodeoxycholate, deoxycholate, dehydrocholate, tauroursodeoxycholate, taurochenodeoxycholate, and taurodeoxycholate. In contrast, chenodeoxycholate, glycocholate, glycochenodeoxycholate, glycoursodeoxycholate, glycodeoxycholate, 5 beta-cholestane, bromosulfophthalein, and free taurine lacked this effect. No relationship between hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance and inhibitory effect was observed. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography indicated that inhibition of thymidine incorporation into DNA was not accompanied by an accumulation of phosphorylated DNA precursors in the liver but rather by a parallel increase in nucleotide catabolism. Bile acid-induced modifications in DNA synthesis were observed in vivo even in the absence of changes in toxicity tests, which suggests that the inhibitory effect shared by most unconjugated and tauroconjugated bile acids but not by glycoconjugated bile acids should be accounted for by mechanisms other than nonselective liver cell injury.

Effects of Bile Salt Deconjugation by Probiotic Strains on the Survival of Antibiotic-Resistant Foodborne Pathogens under Simulated Gastric Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
XINLONG HE ◽  
YUNYUN ZOU ◽  
YOUNGJAE CHO ◽  
JUHEE AHN
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Probiotic Strains

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of bile acid deconjugation by probiotic strains on the antibiotic susceptibility of antibiotic-sensitive and multiple antibiotic–resistant Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. Eight probiotic strains, Bifidobacterium longum B6, Lactobacillus acidophilus ADH, Lactobacillus brevis KACC 10553, Lactobacillus casei KACC 12413, Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 25598, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Leuconostoc mesenteroides KACC 12312, and Pediococcus acidilactici KACC 12307, were used to examine bile acid tolerance. The ability to deconjugate bile acids was evaluated using both thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out to determine the synergistic inhibitory activity of deconjugated bile acids. L. acidophilus, L. brevis, and P. acidilactici showed the most tolerance to the conjugated bile acids. P. acidilactici deconjugated glycocholic acid and glycodeoxycholate from 3.18 and 3.09 mM to the detection limits, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility of selected foodborne pathogens was increased by increasing the concentration of deconjugated bile acids. The study results are useful for understanding the relationship between bile acid deconjugation by probiotic strains and antibiotic susceptibility in the presence of deconjugated bile acids, and they may be useful for designing new probiotic-antibiotic combination therapy based on bile acid deconjugation.

scholarly journals Biliary Bile Acid Composition of the Human Fetus in Early Gestation

1987 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Colombo ◽  
G Zuliani ◽  
M Ronchi ◽  
J Breidenstein ◽  
K D R Setchel
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Human Fetus ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Biliary Bile Acid

BILIARY BILE ACID COMPOSITION OF THE PHYSETERIDAE (SPERM WHALES)

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee R. Hagey ◽  
Daniel Odell ◽  
Steven S. Rossi ◽  
Diane L. Crombie ◽  
Alan F. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
Biliary Bile Acid

Bile Acid Synthesis in the Developing Sheep Liver

1973 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
R. A. Smallwood ◽  
P. Jablonski ◽  
J. McK. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Taurocholic Acid ◽  
Secondary Bile Acid ◽  
Radioactive Label ◽  
Sheep Liver ◽  
Conjugated Bile Acids

1. [14C]Cholesterol was administered intravenously via the umbilical vein to foetal sheep in the latter half of gestation, and the incorporation of radioactive label into foetal bile acids was assessed. 2. After 4 days, 0·5–2% of the radioactive label was found in foetal bile. Seventy to eighty per cent of the radioactive label in foetal bile was present as [14C]taurocholic acid and [14C]taurochenodeoxycholic acid. The remainder was [14C]cholesterol. No radioactive label was found in taurodeoxycholic acid, or in any of the glycine-conjugated bile acids. 3. It is concluded that the foetal sheep liver in the second half of gestation synthesizes taurocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. However, the secondary bile acid taurodeoxycholic acid and the glycine-conjugated bile acids, present in foetal bile, have been acquired by placental transfer from the mother.

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