An old problem in a new perspective: the enigmatic evolutionary relationships of some Australian freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Sluys
Keyword(s):  
Incomplete Information ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Australian Freshwater

This study addresses the uncertain phyletic status of four Australian freshwater planarians: Dugesia glandulosa (Kenk, 1930), Planaria graffi Weiss, 1909, P. hoernesi Weiss, 1909, P. boehmigi Weiss, 1909. Planaria hoernesi and P. boehmigi are redescribed on the basis of newly prepared type material. Following up on previous studies, a new phylogenetic hypothesis concerning relationships within the family Dugesiidae is developed. In view of this hypothesis, and taking into account the incomplete information on the species' morphology, it is concluded that P. graffi is best assigned to the genus Cura Strand, 1942. Reinterpretation of features in species of the current genus Romankenkius Ball, 1974 resulted in a redefinition of this genus. It is shown that in its new concept, the genus Romankenkius accommodates the species R. bilineatus Ball &Tran, 1979, R. boehmigi (Weiss, 1909), R. hoernesi (Weiss, 1909), R. glandulosus (Kenk, 1930), R. kenki Ball, 1974, R. libidinosus Sluys &Rohde, 1991, R. michaelseni (Böhmig, 1902), R. pedderensis Ball, 1974, and R. patagonicus (Borelli, 1901). The current genus Cura is restricted to the species C. pinguis (Weiss, 1909), C. foremanii (Girard, 1852), and C. graffi (Weiss, 1909).

Jurodidae (Coleoptera: Archostemata) from Transbaikalia: new findings and redescription of type material

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
EVGENY V. YAN ◽  
OLESYA D. STRELNIKOVA ◽  
ALEXANDER G. PONOMARENKO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Family

Two species of Jurodidae: Jurodes ignoramus and Jurodes minor are redescribed, new characters presented, and characters from original descriptions are phylogenetically reevaluated, justifying a placement of the family within the suborder Archostemata. The new species Jurodes shef sp. nov. from the Lower Cretaceous locality Khasurty (Berriasian-Barremian, Zakamenskiy district, Buryatia Republic, Russia) is described and 2 new specimens of J. ignoramus Ponomarenko, 1985 and 5 additional specimens of J. minor Ponomarenko, 1990 are recorded. Jurodids from Khasurty are morphologically closer to those from Daohugou locality (Middle–Upper Jurassic, Inner Mongolia, China).

scholarly journals Review of the family Rivulidae (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheiloidei) and a molecular and morphological phylogeny of the annual fish genus Austrolebias Costa 1998

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Loureiro ◽  
Rafael de Sá ◽  
Sebastián W. Serra ◽  
Felipe Alonso ◽  
Luis Esteban Krause Lanés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
The Self ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Annual Life Cycle ◽  
Internal Fertilization ◽  
Annual Fish ◽  
Diapausing Eggs ◽  
Neotropical Fishes ◽  
Seasonal Ponds ◽  
The Family

ABSTRACT The family Rivulidae is the fourth most diverse clade of Neotropical fishes. Together with some genera of the related African family Nothobranchiidae, many rivulids exhibit a characteristic annual life cycle, with diapausing eggs and delayed embryonic development, which allows them to survive in the challenging seasonal ponds that they inhabit. Rivulidae also includes two species known as the only the self-fertilizing vertebrates and some species with internal fertilization. The first goal of this article is to review the systematics of the family considering phylogenetic relationships and synapomorphies of subfamilial clades, thus unifying information that is dispersed throughout the literature. From this revision, it is clear that phylogenetic relationships within Rivulidae are poorly resolved, especially in one of the large clades that compose it, the subfamily Rivulinae, where conflicting hypotheses of relationships of non-annual and annual genera are evident. The second goal of this work is to present an updated phylogenetic hypothesis (based on mitochondrial, nuclear, and morphological information) for one of the most speciose genus of Rivulidae, Austrolebias. Our results confirm the monophyly of the genus and of some subgeneric clades already diagnosed, but propose new relationships among them and their species composition, particularly in the subgenus Acrolebias.

scholarly journals A taxonomic revision of the family Harrimaniidae (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) with descriptions of seven species from the Eastern Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2408 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. DELAND ◽  
C. B. CAMERON ◽  
K. P. RAO ◽  
W. E. RITTER ◽  
T. H. BULLOCK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Nomen Nudum ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Dichotomous Key ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status

The family Harrimaniidae (Hemichordata: Enteropneusta) is revised on the basis of morphological characters. The number of harrimaniid genera is increased to nine by the addition of Horstia n. gen., Mesoglossus n. gen., Ritteria n. gen. and Saxipendium, a genus previously assigned to the monospecific family Saxipendiidae. The number of species is increased to 34, resulting from the description of five new species from the eastern Pacific — Horstia kincaidi, Mesoglossus intermedius, M. macginitiei, Protoglossus mackiei and Ritteria ambigua. A description is supplied for a sixth harrimaniid species, Stereobalanus willeyi Ritter & Davis, 1904, which previously had the status of a nomen nudum. Four harrimaniids previously assigned to the genus Saccoglossus are transfered to the genus Mesoglossus — M. bournei, M. caraibicus, M. gurneyi and M. pygmaeus, while Saccoglossus borealis is reassigned to the genus Harrimania. Notes on habitat and zoogeography are included for the seven foregoing species and a table of diagnostic characters for existing and new species and a dichotomous key to the enteropneust families and harrimaniid genera are provided. Finally, a phylogenetic hypothesis concerning the Harrimaniidae is postulated, with discussion on the evolution of the group.

Lectotypification of Sematophyllum latifolium, a new synonym of Wijkia surcularis (Pylaisiadelphaceae, Bryophyta)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 484 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-300
Author(s):  
NARIN PRINTARAKUL ◽  
SAHUT CHANTANAORRAPINT
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Type Collection ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
The Family

Sematophyllum latifolium Brotherus (1911: 362), known only from the type collection, was originally described by Brotherus (1911) based on a collection made by C.C. Hosseus from Mt. Doi Suthep (Doi Sutäp), in northern Thailand. Pollawatn (2008) revised the family Sematophyllaceae s.l. in Thailand but did not see the type specimen of S. latifolium. During the study of Hosseus’s collections, however, we found two duplicates of type specimens of S. latifolium one located in H-BR and one in M. We found that several critical features of S. latifolium, such as the 1) irregular-pinnately branching habit with the erect flagelliform branches (Fig. 1A), 2) stem and branch leaves strongly differentiated (Fig. 1B−F), and 3) brotherelloid type alar cells often divided into larger hyaline cells towards leaf margins (Fig. 1G), were indistinguishable from those in the type material of Wijkia surcularis (Mitten 1859: 112) Crum (1971: 173), a common species found growing from India to Indochina (Gangulee 1980; Tan & Iwatsuki 1993; Tan & Jia 1999; Jia et al. 2005). Thus, we here propose S. latifolium as a new synonym of W. sucularis. In the protologue, Brotherus (1911) did not designate the holotype, therefore, it is necessary to select a lectotype for S. latifolium ((see Art. 9.11 of the Shenzhen Code (Turland et al. 2017)). We designate Hosseus’s collection (Hosseus s.n.) in H-BR (H) as the lectotype of the name S. latifolium.

scholarly journals Rharodesmus tabarkensis n. sp., a new pyrgodesmid from Tunisia (Diplopoda: Polydesmida)

Zootaxa ◽  
10.11646/6 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3195 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
NESRINE AKKARI ◽  
HENRIK ENGHOFF
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Natural History Museum ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Full Description ◽  
Zoological Museum ◽  
The West ◽  
History Museum ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

Recently, we (Akkari & Enghoff 2011) described a new species of the genus Rharodesmus Schubart, 1960, discussing the taxonomic state of the family Pyrgodesmidae and providing notes on the four genera occurring in the west Palaearctic area. However, we failed to present details on the holotype of the new species, which we now provide in this note in order to make the species name available. Thus, we describe here the new species Rharodesmus tabarkensis Akkari & Enghoff by reference to the full description given in Akkari & Enghoff (2011) with the following information on the type material: Holotype ♂, TUNISIA, NW, Jendouba Governorate, Tabarka, N36°57.8, E8°44.6, alt. < 40 m, coastal slope below the Genoese fort, under stones, 9.iii.2009, N. Akkari & H. Enghoff leg. (Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, ‒ ZMUC); Paratypes: 12 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 14 juveniles, same locality and date as holotype, N. Akkari & H. Enghoff leg. (ZMUC).

Phylogeny and systematics of the Trapeziidae Miers, 1886 (Crustacea: Brachyura), with the description of a new family

Zootaxa ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 643 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER CASTRO ◽  
PETER K.L. NG ◽  
SHANE T. AHYONG
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Reef Corals ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Name Changes ◽  
Fossil Genus

A revision of the family Trapeziidae Miers, 1886, has shown that it consists of three clades, one of which is elevated to family status, Tetraliidae fam. nov., for the genera Tetralia Dana, 1851, and Tetraloides Galil, 1986. The genera Trapezia Latreille, 1828, Calocarcinus Calman, 1909, Hexagonalia Galil, 1986, Philippicarcinus Garth & Kim, 1983, Quadrella Dana, 1851, and Sphenomerides Rathbun, 1897, remain in the Trapeziidae; Domecia Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842, Jonesius Sankarankutty, 1962, Maldivia Borradaile, 1902, Palmyria Galil & Takeda, 1986, and the fossil genus Eomaldivia M ller & Collins, 1991, in Domeciidae Ortmann, 1893. Cladistic analysis shows that Trapeziidae sensu Miers, 1886, consists of three clades that show convergence as a result of similar habits as symbionts of reef corals and other cnidarians. A list of all recognised genera and species in the three families and their primary synonyms is provided. Keys are also included for four families of Brachyura symbiotic with reef corals, and for the genera and species of Domeciidae, Tetraliidae, and Trapeziidae. Some rare colour figures are reproduced. Three name changes have resulted within the Tetraliidae: Cancer glaberrimus Herbst, 1790, for Tetralia fulva Ser ne, 1984, and Cancer mutus Linnaeus, 1758, for Tetralia armata Dana, 1852, and Tetralia vanninii Galil & Clark, 1988. Nomenclatural problems associated with the repeated use of "forma typica" for various species of Trapezia and Tetralia are resolved. To stabilise the nomenclature of a number of well-known species, neotypes are designated for 13 species of Trapeziidae for which type material is not extant: Trapezia cymodoce (Herbst, 1801), and its three synonyms (Trapezia dentifrons Latreille, 1828, Trapezia dentata var. subintegra Dana, 1852, Trapezia cymodoce var. ornatus Chen, 1933); Trapezia bidentata (Forsk l, 1775), and one of its synonyms (Trapezia ferruginea Latreille, 1828); Trapezia digitalis Latreille, 1828, and one of its synonyms (Trapezia nigrofusca Stimpson, 1858); Trapezia septata Dana, 1852, and one of its synonyms (Trapezia reticulata Stimpson, 1858); Trapezia areolata Dana, 1852; Trapezia bella Dana, 1852; and Trapezia speciosa Dana, 1852. Neotypes are also designated for seven species of Tetraliidae: Tetralia glaberrima (Herbst, 1790), and three synonyms (Trapezia integra Latreille, 1828, Trapezia serratifrons Jacquinot, 1846, Tetralia laevissima Stimpson, 1858); Tetralia muta (Linnaeus, 1758), and one of its synonyms (Tetralia armata Dana, 1852); and Tetraloides nigrifrons (Dana, 1852).

Notes on the taxonomic identity of Bystus hirtulus (Kirsch) and transfer from Endomychidae to Coccinellidae (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea), with designation of a lectotype for Alexia hirtula Kirsch

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2868 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLOYD W. SHOCKLEY ◽  
NATALIA J. VANDENBERG
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Type Material ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Type Series ◽  
The Family

During an examination of type material of the New World endomychid genus Bystus Guérin-Méneville (Anamorphinae), the type series of Alexia hirtula Kirsch from Peru was found to contain a mixture of different taxa, none of which belong to the genus Bystus, the subfamily Anamorphinae, or even the family Endomychidae. Alexia hirtula is transferred to Delphastus Casey (Coccinellidae: Microweiseinae: Serangiini), establishing the new combination, Delphastus hirtulus (Kirsch), and a lectotype is designated. Of the three paralectotypes, one appears to be conspecific with the lectotype, one is identified as an undescribed species of Microscymnus Champion (Coccinellidae: Cryptognathini), and one, a partial specimen lacking the head, pronotum, and one elytron, is identified as a species of Leiodidae in the tribe Scotocryptini, probably Aglyptinus Cockerell. A diagnosis and redescription of D. hirtulus is provided, and Gordon’s (1994) key to Delphastus is modified to accommodate the newly transferred species. The historical classification of D. hirtulus is discussed along with characters justifying its revised placement.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and divergence estimates for the gasteruptiid wasps (Hymenoptera : Evanioidea) reveals a correlation with hosts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Parslow ◽  
John T. Jennings ◽  
Michael P. Schwarz ◽  
Mark I. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Taxon Sampling ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Molecular Fragments ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
The Family ◽  
Divergence Estimates ◽  
Solitary Bees And Wasps

The Gasteruptiidae are an easily recognised family of wasps whose larvae are considered predator-inquilines in the nests of solitary bees and wasps. There has been minimal molecular research on the family and as a result little understanding of the evolutionary relationships within the group. We present the first molecular phylogeny focused on Gasteruptiidae, generated using three molecular fragments (mitochondrial C01 and nuclear markers EF1-α and 28s) and estimate the divergence times of Evanioidea based on three secondary calibration points. The analyses included 142 specimens of Gasteruptiidae and 5 outgroup taxa from Aulacidae and Evaniidae. The monophyly of the Gasteruptiidae and its subfamilies Gasteruptiinae (Gasteruption) and Hyptiogastrinae (Hyptiogaster and Pseudofoenus) are confirmed. Our results indicate that Evanioidea diverged during the late Jurassic at 151.3 (171.99–136.15)Ma with Evaniidae during the early Cretaceous at 137.33 (140.86–133.67)Ma, and Gasteruptiidae during the Palaeocene at 60.23 (83.78–40.02)Ma. The crown age of Hyptiogastrinae was estimated to be during the mid-Eocene 40.72 (60.9–22.57)Ma and for Gasteruption during the early Eocene at 47.46 (64.7–31.75)Ma, which corresponded to their host divergence ages. We anticipate that more extensive taxon sampling combined with the use of phylogenomic data will help resolve low support within the Gasteruption clade.

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