Shorebird–prey interactions in South Carolina coastal soft sediments

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise M. Weber ◽  
Susan M. Haig
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
High Water ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Prey Biomass ◽  
Exclosure Experiment ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Simultaneous Influence

We investigated the simultaneous influence of benthic prey (primarily insect larvae, oligochaetes, and polychaetes) on spring-migrating shorebirds (Charadriiformes) and shorebirds on prey in brackish managed wetlands of South Carolina. We proposed that positive correlations between shorebird and prey densities and between prey reduction and shorebird density might result in a negative feedback loop. The loop would be characterized by shorebird redistribution over time and equalization of shorebird and prey densities (and biomass) across the site. In support of the feedback loop (i) there were positive correlations between shorebird and prey densities (and biomass) early in migration; (ii) shorebird predation was responsible for declines of 49% in prey density and 50% in prey biomass in a shorebird exclosure experiment, with shorebird density positively correlated with prey decline in open plots; (iii) there was equalization of prey biomass across the site, and relative prey species abundance appeared to become more equal. Contrary to predictions, shorebirds did not redistribute after prey reduction, and patchiness of shorebird and prey densities persisted across the site. This failure was attributed to high prey density, even at the season's end, and high water depths. There were no confounding indirect trophic-level effects.

Reproductive Tactics in an Island Population of Adders, Vipera berus (L.), with a fluctuating Food Resource

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Nilson ◽  
Claes Andren
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
High Food ◽  
Vipera Berus ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Clutch Mass

AbstractThis paper describes the density fluctuations of the adder Vipera berus and its prey during seven years. The reproduction during high adder density and low food availability was compared with that seven years later in the same population during low adder density and high food availability. Female length was similar but weight status (mass/length 2.56) was significantly higher during high prey density. Female mass loss when giving birth and clutch mass were significantly higher during high availability of food, but relative clutch mass and relative mass loss were similar in the two situations. However, the variance in relative clutch mass was significantly lower with high prey density. Clutch size and mass per young were significantly higher during high prey density. During high food availability there were significant positive correlations between female length (~ age) and birth mass loss, female length and clutch mass, female length and clutch size, clutch mass and mass per young and between relative clutch mass and mass per young. During low food availability there were significant positive correlations between clutch mass and clutch size and relative clutch mass and clutch size. A significant negative correlation was found between female length and relative mass loss. This study do not conform entirely to general theories on reproductive adaptations to varying food availability (r-K strategies). During high prey density both more and heavier young were produced than during scarcity of food. A high correlation of reproductive parameters during high food availability indicates a maximal utilization of reproductive capacity in most females, while the lack of such correlations during low food availability indicates a varying access to food and fat storage possibility among females.

scholarly journals Parasite-host relationship between the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier 1818) and ectoparasites, collected from fish farms in the city of Rolim de Moura, State of Rondônia, Western Amazon, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Maria Izar de Maio Godoi ◽  
Vera Engracia ◽  
Maria de Los Angeles Perez Lizama ◽  
Ricardo Massato Takemoto
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Parasite Abundance ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

In this study we investigated the relationship between tambaqui fish (Colossoma macropomumi Cuvier 1818) and parasites in two fish farms (L204S and L180N) in the state of Rondônia, Brazil, during a 1-year period. The objective of the study was to describe the relationships between parasites, hosts and the environment. From the 80 fish specimens collected, 100% were parasitized by at least one parasite species. Seven ectoparasites species were recorded, six of the class Monogenea: Anacanthorus spathulatusi, Mymarothecium spp. (Mymarothecium sp. 1, Mymarothecium sp. 2 and M. viatorum), Notozothecium sp. and Linguadactyloides brinkimanni, classified as dominants, and the copepod Perulernaea gamitanae, classified as subordinate. Despite their high prevalence, the parasites were not abundant. A. spathulatus presented positive and significant correlations between the abundance of parasitism and the standard length of the hosts in the two fish farms; Mymarothecium spp. showed significant correlations, negative in L180N, and positive in L204S; significant positive correlations were observed for Notozothecium sp. in L204S, and for L.brinkimanni in L180N. Young monogeneans were found; these parasites presented a negative correlation in L180N and a significant negative correlation in L204S. The results of the correlation between the relative condition factor (Kn) and the abundance of parasites were not significant for the recorded parasite species. Regarding the hepatosomatic relation (HSR) of fish and the abundance of parasites, Anacanthorus spathulatusi showed a significant negative correlation with the HSR in L180N, and a positive correlation in L204S. Mymarothecium spp. and Notozothecium sp. presented significant positive correlations in L204S. Considering the correlation of the fish splenosomatic relation (SSR) and the abundance of parasites, L. brinkimanni presented significant correlations, positive in L180N and negative in L204S. Despite 100% prevalence, the high water quality contributes to infracommunities with low parasite abundance and good levels of Kn, HSR and SSR, allowing good tambaqui development.

Terroir of Winter Hardiness: Bud LT50, Water Metrics, Yield, and Berry Composition in Ontario Cabernet franc

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY JASINSKI ◽  
Andrew Reynolds ◽  
FREDERICK DI PROFIO ◽  
RALPH BROWN ◽  
Audrey Pasquier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Multilinear Regression ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Berry Composition

Winter hardiness may be influenced by vineyard terroir-driven factors, and vineyard zones with low water status [leaf water potential (ψ)] could be more winter hardy than vines with high water status (higher leaf ψ). Six Cabernet franc vineyards were chosen throughout the Niagara Region in Ontario. Data were collected at fruit set, lag phase, and veraison [soil water content (SWC), leaf ψ], at harvest (yield components, berry composition), and three times during winter (LT50; the temperature at which 50% of buds die) in the 2010-12 seasons. Interpolation by kriging and mapping of variables was completed using ArcGIS, and statistical analyses (linear correlation, k-means clustering, principal components analysis, multilinear regression) were performed. Spatial trends were observed in each vineyard for SWC, leaf ψ, yield components, berry composition, and LT50. GIS and statistical analysis revealed that leaf ψ could predict LT50, with strong positive correlations between LT50 and leaf ψ values in most vineyards in 2010-11. In the dry 2012 season, leaf ψ (particularly at veraison; range -1.3 to -1.6 MPa) was positively correlated to LT50, yield, titratable acidity, pH, and Brix and negatively to SWC, color, anthocyanins, and phenols. Overall, vineyards in different appellations (Niagara Lakeshore, Lincoln Lakeshore, Four Mile Creek, Beamsville Bench) showed many similarities. These results suggest that there is a spatial component to winter injury, as with other aspects of terroir. Furthermore, this study allows for means by which to compare winter hardiness to other critical variables in order to better understand the terroir of the Niagara region.

scholarly journals Atrotorquata lineata as a proxy for Juncus roemerianus, Part II: Tracking changes in positions of Juncus roemerianus marshes through time by use of the fungal proxy Atrotorquata lineata

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-554
Author(s):  
Pamela E. Marsh ◽  
Arthur D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
High Water ◽  
Juncus Roemerianus ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Good Marker ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Juncus roemerianus is a species that occurs at the upper reaches of salt water influence in marshes from Delaware to Texas. As such, J. roemerianus is a good marker for sea level, defined for this study as mean highest high water; thus, being able to track its positions over time should enable one to track past changes in relative sea level. In 2006, a palynomorphic fingerprint to identify surface sediment from J. roemerianus marshes was discovered in a South Carolina study (Marsh 2006, Marsh & Cohen 2008). Further study (Marsh & Cohen 2016) showed that one component of this fingerprint, the spore of the fungus Atrotorquata lineata, was so omnipresent in surface sediment from J. roemerianus marshes that the fungus, by itself, can be considered a proxy for J. roemerianus marshes. In this study we investigated the potential to use Atrotorquata lineata to track past positions of Juncus roemerianus marshes. First we investigated whether A. lineata is preserved beneath the surface. Cores from South Carolina, North Carolina and Florida were found to contain A. lineata, including one from the Harney River area of southwestern Florida in which we had previously found A. lineata at ca 250 cm depth at a level that had been radiocarbon-dated to ca 3200 years BP (Cohen 1968, Cohen & Spackman 1972, 1977, Spackman & Cohen 1976, Marsh & Cohen 2016). Building upon that discovery, we then investigated the possibility of tracking changes in the size and position of J. roemerianus marshes over time. Additional sets of cores clearly revealed evidence of expansion and contraction of J. roemerianus patches over time and further suggested recent past fluctuations in sea level that were both higher and lower than at present but contained within an overall transgressive sequence.

Germination associated ROS production and glutathione redox capacity in two recalcitrant-seeded species differing in seed longevity

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 1103-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anushka Moothoo-Padayachie ◽  
Boby Varghese ◽  
Norman W. Pammenter ◽  
Patrick Govender ◽  
Sershen
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
High Water ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Redox Capacity ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Positive Correlations

This study investigated the relationship between germination rate and storage lifespan in two recalcitrant-seeded species, Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. and Trichilia dregeana Sond., in relation to water uptake and oxidative metabolism. Seeds of A. marina had a higher germination rate and shorter hydrated storage lifespan than T. dregeana. Rapid germination of A. marina seeds was associated with high water uptake rates and an early increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and decline in GSH:GSSG ratio. Slower germination in T. dregeana seeds was associated with lower water uptake rates, delayed onset of the ROS-based trigger for germination, and high GSH:GSSG ratio. Positive correlations (p < 0.05) between ROS production and percent water uptake, and inhibition of germination by ROS scavenging agents confirmed the requirement for heightened ROS levels for germination in both species. Germination rate in recalcitrant seeds appears to be governed by the rate of water uptake and ROS production; the latter being dependent on antioxidant activity. We propose that poor longevity in recalcitrant seeds, such as those of A. marina, is based on high rates of water uptake and low levels of ROS scavenging activity that promote the ROS-based trigger for germination during hydrated storage.

Occurrence of Birds in Relation to Plants in a Sub-Tropical City

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Catterall ◽  
RJ Green ◽  
DN Jones
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Habitat Features ◽  
Eucalypt Forest ◽  
Introduced Birds ◽  
Positive Correlations

Habitat use by birds in suburbs of Brisbane, Queensland was studied during winter, at sites with relatively similar habitat features near to (0.25-0.5km) and far from (2-3km) a eucalypt forest. Variation in other factors was restricted. Distance from native forest was found to have little influence on abundance of birds in suburban habitats. House sparrows and willie wagtails were relatively more abundant at the far sites. Most of the more common forest-dwelling species were not common in either near or far suburbs. There was little similarity in relative abundance of bird species between the forest and either the near or far suburbs. A similarity in species diversity and positive correlations in species abundance between near and far sites indicate that most species are either forest or suburb 'specialists'. Native birds were more selective in their choice of plant category than introduced birds, and had a high probability of using certain native and exotic plant species, and a lower probability of using others. Although generally more abundant, introduced birds did not have a high probability of using any plant genus or type. Birds in the area studied are probably altering their patterns of habitat use in response to changes in food availability.

scholarly journals SAND CIRCULATION PATTERN AT PRICE INLET, SOUTH CAROLINA

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan M. FitzGerald ◽  
Dag Nummedal ◽  
Timothy W. Kana
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
High Water ◽  
Tidal Currents ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Wave Refraction ◽  
Flood Duration ◽  
Ebb Tidal Delta ◽  
Process Measurements

A sand circulation pattern has been determined for Price Inlet, South Carolina, using wave refraction diagrams, littoral process measurements, bedform orientations and inlet hydraulic data. The dominant process acting on the ebb-tidal delta is wave swash which impedes the ebb-tidal currents and augments the flood-tidal currents. This produces a net landward transport of sand on the ebb-tidal delta as evidenced by the landward migrating swash bars. Bedform orientations and velocity measurements taken on the swash bars also support this conclusion. Countering the general landward transport direction is the ebb dominance of the main channel. This dominance can be explained by higher inlet efficiency at low water than at high water. Consequently, bay tide phase lag is larger at high than at low water resulting in a longer flood duration. This causes higher mean ebb-tidal currents and a consequent larger potential net ebb transport of sand. This inlet characteristic explains why little sand is transported inside the inlet, why the throat remains scoured and why sand entering the main channel is carried seaward.

Diet of the Bronze Skink Eutropis macularius (Reptilia: Squamata: Scincidae) from Thua Thien Hue Province, Central Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Chung D. Ngo ◽  
Phuong L. T. Le ◽  
Huy D. Nguyen ◽  
Phong B. Truong ◽  
Nghiep T. Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Mouth Width ◽  
Index Of Relative Importance ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Prey Length ◽  
Prey Items

In this study, we examined the diet of 149 males and 147 females of Eutropis macularius from Thua Thien Hue Province, central Vietnam using a nonlethal stomach-flushing technique. The prey items of E. macularius composed of Araneae, Insecta (Blattodea, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Isoptera, Odonata, and Orthoptera), Mollusca (Philomycidae), and plant materials. The most important prey items were insect larvae, hymenopterans (including ants), grasshoppers, and termites, for both sexes in three populations. Plant materials were also found in the stomach of E. macularius with an index of relative importance of 7.19%, suggesting that E. macularius is an omnivorous species. However, the dominant prey categories of E. macularius were insects, including insect larvae, hymenopterans, grasshoppers, and termites, with many small, sedentary, clumped prey items. Simpson’s heterogeneity index of skinks from three populations from Bach Ma National Park as well as from Aluoi and Huong Tra districts were 10.07, 7.85, 3.94, respectively. Eutropis macularius showed significant positive correlations between mouth width (MW) and prey width (P = 0.001) and between MW and prey volume (P 0.0001). There are significant positive correlations between snout-vent length (SVL) and prey sizes consumed: between SVL and prey length, P 0.0001; SVL and prey width, P 0.0001; and between SVL and prey volume, P 0.0001. These results indicated that SVL and MW are the limiting factors on the size of prey consumed in this skink.

An Ultrastructural Comparison of Hepatocytes from ADH+ and ADH−Peromyscus Maniculatus

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
J. T. Ellzey ◽  
D. Borunda ◽  
B. P. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Model System ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Hepes Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Color Scanner

Genetically alcohol deficient deer mice (ADHN/ADHN) (obtained from the Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, Univ. of South Carolina) lack hepatic cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase. In order to determine if these deer mice would provide a model system for an ultrastructural study of the effects of ethanol on hepatocyte organelles, 75 micrographs of ADH+ adult male deer mice (n=5) were compared with 75 micrographs of ADH− adult male deer mice (n=5). A morphometric analysis of mitochondrial and peroxisomal parameters was undertaken.The livers were perfused with 0.1M HEPES buffer followed by 0.25% glutaraldehyde and 2% sucrose in 0.1M HEPES buffer (4C), removed, weighed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M HEPES buffer, pH 7.4, followed by a 3,3’ diaminobenzidine (DAB) incubation, postfixation with 2% OsO4, en bloc staining with 1% uranyl acetate in 0.025M maleate-NaOH buffer, dehydrated, embedded in Poly/Bed 812-BDMA epon resin, sectioned and poststained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Photographs were taken on a Zeiss EM-10 transmission electron microscope, scanned with a Howtek personal color scanner, analyzed with OPTIMAS 4.02 software on a Gateway2000 4DX2-66V personal computer and stored in Excel 4.0.

The ultrastructure of the abdominal musculature of an orchestid amphipod

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-465
Author(s):  
Martin A. Levin ◽  
Lisa L. Cale ◽  
Valerie Lynch-Holm
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
High Water ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Abdominal Musculature ◽  
Dorsal Muscle ◽  
High Water Mark ◽  
Thoracic Legs ◽  
Orchestia Cavimana

Orchestia is a genus of amphipod in the crustacean class Malacostraca. The order Amphipoda contains over 6000 species commonly called side swimmers, scuds and beach fleas(1). Most are marine bottom-dwellers utilizing their thoracic legs and posterior abdominal uropods for walking, crawling and swimming. However, some, like those in the genera Orchestia and Hyale are semiterrestrial. These amphipods, commonly referred to as “beach fleas,' “beach hoppers” or “sand fleas” can hop vigorously for great distances (up to 50 times their length) by extending their abdomens and telsons against the sand(2).In our study, the ultrastructure of the dorsal muscle cord of Orchestia grillus was examined. Vogel(3) described the abdominal muscles of Orchestia cavimana as consisting of two groups of muscles: a strong, complex, dorsal muscle cord used mainly for hopping and a group of weaker, ventral, longitudinal and oblique muscles.The specimens were collected in clumps of decaying seaweed and other detritus from the intertidal zone near the high water mark at Avery Point Beach, Connecticut.

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