Recovery of Hesperodiaptomus arcticus populations from diapausing eggs following elimination by stocked salmonids

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1292-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Parker ◽  
Frank M. Wilhelm ◽  
David W. Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Calanoid Copepod ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Fish Stocking ◽  
Egg Bank ◽  
Diapausing Eggs ◽  
Gammarus Lacustris

Hesperodiaptomus arcticus, a predatory calanoid copepod, was eliminated from two alpine lakes within 6 years of stocking with salmonids. Using historical and contemporary Zooplankton and fish data, sediment analysis for diapausing eggs, and experiments on predation of Gammarus lacustris on diapausing eggs of H. arcticus, we assess the fate of these populations 35 years after fish stocking. In Pipit Lake, in which the trout introduction failed within 21 years, we propose that H. arcticus recovered as a result of hatching of diapausing eggs held in the sediments. In Snowflake Lake the diapausing egg bank was exhausted prior to the loss of the fish population 25 years after first stocking and H. arcticus recovery did not occur. Experimental studies indicate that G. lacustris predation on diapausing eggs probably occurs within the sediments. Combined with a 10-fold difference in G. lacustris density between Snowflake and Pipit lakes the results of the predation experiments imply that G. lacustris had a strong negative impact on the abundance of diapausing eggs held in Snowflake Lake sediments and therefore reduced the ability of the population to recover following perturbation.

Shopping online? The role of imagination and gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2604-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manveer K. Mann ◽  
Yuping Liu-Thompkins
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine gender differences in the impact of imagining product use on purchase decisions. The authors argue that while imagination can enhance purchase intention for female consumers, it can be detrimental to male consumers. This study explores the conditions under which imagination can be turned into a positive device for male consumers. Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies were conducted. The first two studies illustrate the differential effects of imagination on males vs females. Given the negative effect found among males, the third study focused exclusively on male consumers to identify conditions under which the negative impact of imagination on these consumers can be alleviated. Findings Studies 1 and 2 show that while an imagination tactic has positive or no effect on female consumers, a generic imagination request lowers male consumers’ purchase intention. Focusing on potential ways of alleviating this negative effect, Study 3 shows that for males without prior brand ownership experience, imagining product use in a less-typical context can increase purchase intention. Research limitations/implications The results provide evidence that gender impacts the effectiveness of imagination in improving product evaluation. Furthermore, the context of imagination and previous brand experience can be used together to determine how male consumers respond to imagination. Practical implications The study’s findings warn against the blind use of imagination tactics. Instead, retailers need to customize imagination tactics based on gender, previous brand experience and product usage context. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first papers to examine the impact of gender on the influence of imagination on product evaluation.

scholarly journals Improving Cardiovascular Health through Nudging Healthier Food Choices: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tørris ◽  
Hilde Mobekk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are considered major public health problems, and their negative impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is profound. Targeting modifiable risk factors such as dietary habits is therefore of great importance. Many of today’s health challenges with overweight and obesity may have behavioral roots, and traditional methods such as regulations and campaigns are often insufficient to improve dietary choices. Nudging or choice architecture might be a viable tool to influence people’s everyday choices and behaviors to better outcomes. This paper reviews the current state of the rapidly expanding number of experimental field studies that investigate the effects/associations of nudging on healthy food choices. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, where 142 citations were identified. Based on selection criteria, six randomized controlled trials and 15 non-randomized controlled trials were ultimately included. The results of this systematic review show that many of the studies included traffic-light labeling, which may be a promising strategy. The reviewed findings, however, also highlight the challenges that confront experimental studies examining the impact of nudging on diet.

The bright and dark sides of humorous response to online customer complaint

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 2013-2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunju Shin ◽  
Lindsay R.L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Service Recovery ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Complaints ◽  
Customer Complaint

Purpose Displaying a sense of humour provides various interpersonal benefits including reducing tension and promoting conflict resolution, but should a firm use humour in response to publicly viewable online customer complaints after a service failure? The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that a firm’s use of humour in response to negative online consumer reviews has both positive and negative effects on perceptions of corporate image from a customer-as-onlooker perspective. Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies are conducted and analysis of variance is used to empirically test the hypotheses. Findings Although humorous responses have an unfavourable influence on perceived trustworthiness of the firm, they have a favourable influence on perceived excitingness of the firm. The former influence is tied to lower perceived firm sincerity, whereas the latter is tied to higher perceived firm innovativeness and coolness. Furthermore, humour within the customer complaint itself is shown to moderate the influence of humorous responses on perceptions of the firm. Finally, regardless of the type of humour used (i.e. affiliative or aggressive humour) in the humorous response, the positive effect of humorous response remains strong, although aggressive humour further aggravates the negative impact of humorous response on trustworthiness. Research limitations/implications The experimental set-up may limit external validity of the study, and the research is limited to the variables examined. Practical implications Humorous response is identified as a non-traditional approach to online customer complaints that poses a double-edged sword for managers of service organizations. Firms should avoid using humour in online service recovery if perceptions of trustworthiness are critical or if complaints are written in a neutral tone. However, such responses may be successfully used when a firm wants to position itself as exciting and if complaints are also humorous. Finally, firms are advised to avoid aggressive humour. Originality/value The present research represents one of the few studies in marketing to examine the potential of injecting humour into complaint management and service recovery. In addition, this study considers the consumer-as-onlooker perspective inherent in social media.

Maternal Nutrition and Fetal Programming of the Immune System: Epidemiological and Experimental Evidences

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Siti Rohaiza Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Immune System Development

Maternal nutrition will not only affects pregnancy outcomes (such as birth weight) but will also affect the state of the fetus in their adult life in terms of diseases occurrence and also immune system development. Inadequate nutrition particularly will have a negative impact on the proliferation of the various cell populations responsible for the immune functions as well as the accumulation of high concentrations of inflammatory components. Maternal nutrition affects immunity ‘programming' during the period of pre-natal and post-natal life. Over the last decade, epidemiological and experimental studies have helped to expedite more understanding of immunity ‘programming.' External exposures such as smoking, alcohol and drugs during fetal life have also shown to have an impact on immunity ‘programming.' In this review, the relationship between fetal programming and the immune system, such as effects on the various immune-cellular components through some evidence from epidemiological and experimental models will be discussed.

Experimental studies on the stable carbon isotope biogeochemistry of acetate in lake sediments

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena B. Heuer ◽  
Martin Krüger ◽  
Marcus Elvert ◽  
Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotope ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Stable Carbon

scholarly journals Autistic-Like Traits in Laboratory Rodents Exposed to Phthalic Acid Esters During Early Development – an Animal Model of Autism?

2021 ◽  
pp. 345-361
Author(s):  
M MOROVÁ ◽  
L KRŠKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Neuronal System ◽  
Phthalate Exposure ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Early Developmental

Phthalates are chemical substances that are widely used to provide flexibility and durability to plastic materials. They leach from products in which they are mixed and reach living organisms. Results from experimental studies suggest that exposure to phthalates can have a negative impact on an individual’s neuronal system and behavior. In this regard, exposure during early ontogenesis seems to be particularly dangerous due to the extensive growth and development of body structures and functions. Disruption during this critical time can result in alterations of behavior and the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Various animal models have been used to elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. They are fundamental for research, and although the translation of results to humans is difficult, new animal models are being developed. The aim of this review is to summarize laboratory rodent studies in which early developmental phthalate exposure resulted in brain alterations and autistic-like behavioral traits. We also discuss the possibility of using early developmental phthalate exposure in rodents to create a new animal model of autism.

scholarly journals Profiling of Exosomal MicroRNAs Expression in Umbilical Cord Blood from Normal and Preeclampsia Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Tao Pan ◽  
Xiao-Liang Shi ◽  
Min Fang ◽  
Xiang-Mei Sun ◽  
Pan-Pan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Mirna Sequence ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Serum Exosomes

Abstract Background: Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that preeclampsia has a negative impact on maternity and offspring health. Previous studies report that dysregulation in utero-environment increases risk for elderly disease such as cardiovascular disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are packaged in exosomes may regulate processes in offspring microvascular dysfunction.Methods: A comprehensive miRNA sequence-based approach to compare exosomes carry miRNAs (Exo-miRNAs) expression levels in umbilical serum between normal and preeclampsia patients was performed to explore mechanisms for development of cardiovascular dysfunction in offspring exposed to preeclampsia. by ExoQuick precipitations were used to isolate serum exosomes. Serum exosomes were then viewed under electron microscopy, and their characteristics determined by western blotting and nanoparticle-tracking analysis. Illumina platform was used to perform sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis was used to explore differentially expressed Exo-miRNAs in umbilical serum.Results: Based on sequence similarity, 1733 known miRNAs were retrieved. Furthermore, 157 mature miRNAs in serum exosomes were significantly differential expressed between PE and those control groups (P＜0.05, log2|FC|>1). Out, of the 157 miRNAs, 96 were upregulated miRNAs whereas 61 miRNAs were downregulated. The 157 differentially expressed miRNAs targeted 51424 differentially expressed genes. Functional analysis through KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology results uncovered that target genes of miRNAs with differential expression were significantly linked to several pathways and biological processes.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed differential expression of umbilical serum Exo-miRNAs in normal compared with PE patients, implying that these Exo-miRNAs play an important function in offspring microvascular dysfunction of preeclampsia.

scholarly journals EFEK PEMBERIAN VITAMIN E TERHADAP JUMLAH ERYTROSIT DAN AKTIVITAS ENZIM KATALASE TIKUS AKIBAT PAPARAN SINAR ULTRAVIOLET

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Yustini Alioes ◽  
Elmatris Sy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The People

 ABSTRACT Ultraviolet (UV) in addition to have a positive impact on health, can also endanger your health. UV negative impact is felt by the people who are exposed to UV light for long periods, such as fishermen and farmers.  UV radiation levels are causing skin redness (erythema), whereas high levels can cause bleeding in the skin. This study aims to determine the effect. These are experimental studies using rats as an animal, which conducted the Biochemistry Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine University of Newcastle from September - December 2008. Population is 20 strains of Wistar rats, age ± 2 months and weight 200-250 grams. Samples were taken at random (simple random sampling) of the population and divided into two groups: control group (group UV irradiated 6 hours/day for 3 weeks without vitamin E) and the treatment group (group UV irradiated 6 hours/day for 3 weeks with doses of vitamin E 0:45 IU/Kg BB/kali/hari). The results showed in the control group declines erytrosit and catalase enzyme activity due to exposure to UV. Declining sum was much less after vitamin E. The effect vitamin E can inhibit the decrease in the number erytrosit and catalase enzyme activities of rats exposed to ultraviolet light of vitamin E on the number of erytrosit and catalase enzyme activities of rats by exposure to ultraviolet light. Keywords: Vitamin E, Erytrosit, Katalase 

Trust me, I'm a bot – repercussions of chatbot disclosure in different service frontline settings

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nika Mozafari ◽  
Welf H. Weiger ◽  
Maik Hammerschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Customer Retention ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Outcomes ◽  
Levels Of Service ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeChatbots are increasingly prevalent in the service frontline. Due to advancements in artificial intelligence, chatbots are often indistinguishable from humans. Regarding the question whether firms should disclose their chatbots' nonhuman identity or not, previous studies find negative consumer reactions to chatbot disclosure. By considering the role of trust and service-related context factors, this study explores how negative effects of chatbot disclosure for customer retention can be prevented.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents two experimental studies that examine the effect of disclosing the nonhuman identity of chatbots on customer retention. While the first study examines the effect of chatbot disclosure for different levels of service criticality, the second study considers different service outcomes. The authors employ analysis of covariance and mediation analysis to test their hypotheses.FindingsChatbot disclosure has a negative indirect effect on customer retention through mitigated trust for services with high criticality. In cases where a chatbot fails to handle the customer's service issue, disclosing the chatbot identity not only lacks negative impact but even elicits a positive effect on retention.Originality/valueThe authors provide evidence that customers will react differently to chatbot disclosure depending on the service frontline setting. They show that chatbot disclosure does not only have undesirable consequences as previous studies suspect but can lead to positive reactions as well. By doing so, the authors draw a more balanced picture on the consequences of chatbot disclosure.

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