Helminth community structure and pattern in two allopatric populations of a nonmigratory waterfowl species (Anas fulvigula)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1253-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan M. Fedynich ◽  
Danny B. Pence ◽  
Paul N. Gray ◽  
James F. Bergan
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Recurrent Group ◽  
Mottled Duck ◽  
Anas Fulvigula ◽  
Group Members

Helminth communities of mottled ducks (Anas fulvigula) from Florida and Texas were species rich and diverse. The helminth component community in the mottled duck population from Texas contained more species than were found in the Florida host population. However, infracommunities of birds from Florida and Texas contained 9.5 ± 0.7 (mean ± SE) and 9.3 + 0.7 species, respectively. Similarity indices indicated less commonality of helminth species between the 2 host populations; 23 of the 42 species found across the 2 populations co-occurred. Eight helminth species from each host population were recurrent group or associate members; however, only 3 species (Amidostomum acutum, Capillaria contorta, and Tetrameres spp.) maintained group membership across both host populations. Maritrema paracadiae and Psilochasmus oxyurus were absent in birds from Florida but were recurrent group members in the host population from Texas. Only 2 recurrent group members (A. acutum and Epomidiostomum uncinatum) in birds from Florida were members of the same feeding guild and shared the same microhabitat. Three distinct feeding guilds, each containing 2 species, were found in birds from Texas. Results suggest that habitat diversity of the host plays an important part in determining species richness; however, important helminth species in both mottled duck populations are those commonly found in other Anatini from North America.

scholarly journals The impact of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed on feeding guilds of birds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Grzędzicka ◽  
Jiří Reif
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Bird Community ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPlant invasions alter bird community composition worldwide, but the underlying mechanisms still require exploration. The investigation of feeding guild structure of bird communities can be informative in respect to the potential impact of invasion features on the availability of food for birds. For this purpose, we focused on determining the influence of the invasive Sosnowsky’s Hogweed Heracleum sosnowskyi on the abundance of birds from various feeding guilds. In spring and summer 2019, birds were counted three times on 52 pairs of sites (control + Heracleum) in southern Poland, at various stages of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed development (i.e. sprouting, full growth and flowering, all corresponding to respective bird counts). We have shown that the presence of invader negatively affected the abundance of birds from all feeding guilds. However, a closer examination of the invaded sites uncovered that responses of particular guilds differed in respect to development stages expressed by a set of characteristics of the invader. Ground and herb insectivores were more common on plots with a higher number of the invader, while the abundance of bush and tree insectivores was negatively correlated with hogweeds’ height. Granivores were not affected by the invader’s features, while the abundance of omnivores was negatively related to the number of flowering hogweeds. Besides showing the general negative impact of the invader on different feeding guilds, our research has shown that certain aspects of Sosnowsky’s Hogweed invasion may support or depress occurrence of different birds on invaded plots. Knowledge of these aspects may facilitate our capacity for coping with challenges the invasive plants put in front of bird conservationists.

scholarly journals Effect of Farming and Rainfall on the Species Diversity, Population Density and Community Structure of Birds Breeding in the Kalahari Woodland, NE Namibia

Zoodiversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-458
Author(s):  
G. Kopij
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Turtle Dove

The line transect method has been employed to assess species diversity, population densities and community structure of birds breeding in a mosaic of Kalahari Woodland and farmland, NE Namibia. The transect, 4.5 km long, was surveyed in 2014 and 2015. The total annual rainfall in 2014 was much higher than in 2015 (427 mm vs. 262 mm). In total, 40 breeding species in 2014, and 46 in 2015 were recorded. Six species were dominant in 2014 (Cape Turtle Dove, Laughing Dove, Emerald-spotted Dove, Blue Waxbill, and White-browed Scrub Robin) and only three species in 2015 (Cape Turtle Dove and Blue Waxbill and Yellow-fronted Canary). Although the cumulative dominance in 2014 almost doubled that in 2015, the Community Index in both years was almost identical. Also diversity indices and evenness index were very similar in both years compared. Granivorous birds were the most numerous feeding guild. Their contribution was similar in 2014 and 2015 (46.7 % vs. 43.4 %). Two other feeding guilds, insectivores and frugivores, comprised together more than 50 % in both years. The number of bird species and species diversity were not influenced by the differential rainfall. However, contrary to expectations, population densities of most bird species (at least the more numerous ones) were higher in the year with lower than in the year with higher rainfall. The number of species and species diversity was similar in the farmland and in neighbouring Kalahari Woodland in a pristine stage. However, population densities of most species were lower in the farmland than in the pristine woodland.

Environmental effects on the structure of polychaete feeding guilds on the beaches of Sepetiba Bay, south-eastern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 973-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Mattos ◽  
Ricardo S. Cardoso ◽  
André Souza Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Beach Sediment ◽  
Sepetiba Bay ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Macrofauna Communities

Several studies have been conducted to explain patterns of the abundance, richness and diversity of sandy-beach macrofauna; however, such analyses have ignored the overall functional structure of macrofauna communities. Few studies have examined polychaete feeding guilds on sandy beach environments. To examine the effects of environmental factors on polychaete feeding guilds on sandy beaches, 12 sandy beaches from five islands in Sepetiba Bay were sampled. A total of 24 polychaete morphospecies, grouped among 21 families, were identified in these sandy beaches. The polychaete species were classified into 10 feeding guilds, and the SDT guild (suspended-deposit feeders, discretely motile, with tentacles) was the most abundant feeding guild, with 34.2% of total number of organisms. The highest trophic importance index and index of trophic diversity values were recorded on the sheltered beaches. A canonical correspondence analysis showed that the exposure rate, beach length, and grain size of the beach sediment significantly affected the polychaete feeding guild distribution and abundance. We can conclude that sheltered beaches have a higher diversity of feeding guilds than exposed beaches and that the biological descriptors of the feeding guilds are directly associated with the grain size of the sediment.

Patterns of variation in parasite component communities and infracommunities of a littoral fish species from the northern coast of Chile

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Henríquez ◽  
M. Teresa González
Keyword(s):  
Fish Population ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Parasite Communities ◽  
Individual Host ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Geographical Scale ◽  
Parasite Assemblages

AbstractThe structure and similarity of the parasite communities of fish can be evaluated at the component community (CC) and infracommunity (IC) levels. Both hierarchical levels have been used to assess parasite variations in fish at large (biogeographic) scales. However, studies evaluating the consistency between these two hierarchical levels at smaller geographical scales are scarce. In this study, the parasite assemblages of 124 Paralabrax humeralis collected by local fishermen by spear fishing at four sites (El Fierro, EF; P. Angamos, PA; Santa María, ISM; San Jorge, BSJ) in northern Chile were compared to assess the variability (or similarity) of their CCs and ICs at a limited geographical scale using multivariate analysis. At the IC level, discriminant analyses showed that P. humeralis parasite communities varied significantly among sites; 70% of ectoparasite ICs were correctly assigned to each site, but only 55% of helminth parasite ICs were correctly classified. At the CC level, the composition of parasite communities as assessed by correspondence analyses varied significantly between sites. Tagia sp., Neobenedenia sp. and Philometra sp. were associated with BSJ, ISM and PA, respectively; Corynosoma sp. and most digeneans were associated with both ISM and EF. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) showed significant variations in the degree of similarity between P. humeralis CCs from different sites, but not between ICs. Variations between CCs from different sites reflect fish population processes (e.g., population age, reproductive segregation) and the particular conditions of their respective habitats, whereas ICs reflect individual host movements. This study demonstrated that, when examined at a limited geographical scale, IC is better than CC at capturing the local pool of parasite assemblages when host populations are spatially segregated. Therefore, in this study, it is demonstrated that at a small geographic scale, CC variations are not reflected by IC, when host population is spatially segregated.

scholarly journals Helminth community structure of the oven frog Leptodactylus latinasus (Anura, Leptodactylidae) from Corrientes, Argentina

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Hamann ◽  
Cynthya González ◽  
Arturo Kehr
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Helminth Community ◽  
Cestode Species ◽  
Component Community ◽  
The City ◽  
Host Body Size

AbstractA total of 36 adult individuals of Leptodactylus latinasus were collected near the city of Corrientes, Province of Corrientes in Argentina. The main goals of this study were: (1) to determine the helminth parasite fauna of L. latinasus; (2) to determine the richness and diversity of parasites at the component and infracommunity levels; (3) to analyze the relationships between helminth, frog body size and sex, and (4) to identify and examine species affinity of helminth communities. The helminth component community of this frog’s population consisted of 17 species. The predominant groups of parasites were the trematodes (adults: Glypthelmins repandum, Catadiscus inopinatus and Haematoloechus longiplexus; larvae: Travtrema aff. stenocotyle, Bursotrema aff. tetracotyloides, Styphlodora sp., unknown opisthogonimid species, Petasiger sp. and unknown strigeid species), followed by the nematodes (Cosmocerca podicipinus, C. parva, C. rara, C. cruzi, Schrankiana schranki and Aplectana hylambatis); other groups of parasites were represented by only one species (unknown larval cestode species and Centrorhynchus sp.). All parasite helminth species showed an aggregated pattern of distribution. The most infected organs were kidneys, small intestine, large intestine and pharyngeal zone. The host body size was important in determining the parasites abundance of G. repandum. At the level of component community G. repandum was the species with highest prevalence of infection and Bursotrema aff. tetracotyloides was the dominant species. Helminth species showed four significant pairs of covariation and two significant pairs of association in the infracommunities of Leptodactylus latinasus.

Maximum local helminth parasite community richness in British freshwater fish: a test of the colonization time hypothesis

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Guégan ◽  
C. R. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Component Community ◽  
Colonization Time

SUMMARYThe investigation of Price & Clancy (1983), which demonstrated a significant positive correlation between total helminth species number per host species and geographical range of freshwater fish host species in Britain, was re-examined using a different measure of parasite species richness. Re-calculation of the correlations between the two parameters after controlling for the effect of the composition of the list of fish by excluding, on biological and distributional grounds, 2 species of agnathans and 7 species of introduced teleosts, and for the effect of sampling effort by using helminth richness in the richest component community of each fish species rather than check-list data, reveals no significant relationship between helminth species richness and host range. Habitat and an omnivorous host diet now appear more significant determinants of helminth richness than the accumulation of parasites by predation. The findings provide little support for the interpretation of the relationship between helminth species richness and host range in terms of island biogeographic theory, but do support an alternative explanation in terms of the colonization time hypothesis, i.e. that helminth species richness is related to the time since the fish host arrived in Britain.

scholarly journals Feeding ecology and sexual dimorphism in a speciose flower beetle clade (Hopliini: Scarabaeidae)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan F. Colville ◽  
Mike D. Picker ◽  
Richard M. Cowling
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
South African ◽  
Feeding Ecology ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Visual Signalling ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Feeding Resources

The relationship between feeding ecology and sexual dimorphism is examined in a speciose South African monkey beetle clade. We test whether feeding and mating at a fixed site (embedding guild) is associated with greater levels of sexual dimorphism and possibly sexual selection than species using unpredictable feeding resources (non-embedding guild). Sexual dimorphism was measured using a point scoring system for hind leg and colour across the two feeding guilds for >50% of the regional fauna. Quantification of hind leg dimorphism using a scoring system and allometric scaling were used to identify traits subject to sexual selection. Feeding guild had a significant effect on hind leg dimorphism, with embedders having high and non-embedders low scores. The sessile and defendable distribution of females on stable platform flowers may favour contests and associated hind leg weaponry. In contrast, degree of colour dimorphism between the sexes was not associated with any particular feeding guild, and may serve to reduce male conflict and combat. Embedder males had high proportions (∼76%) of species with positive allometric slopes for almost all hind leg traits. For male non-embedders, only ∼37% of species showed positive scaling relationships. Phylogenetic data, in conjunction with behavioural data on the function of leg weaponry and visual signalling among males is needed to better understand the link between sexual dimorphism and sexual selection in the radiation of the monkey beetles.

scholarly journals Projected impact of sea-level rise and urbanization on mottled duck (Anas fulvigula) habitat along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana and Texas through 2100

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 108276
Author(s):  
J.A. Moon ◽  
S.E. Lehnen ◽  
K.L. Metzger ◽  
M.A. Squires ◽  
M.G. Brasher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Mottled Duck ◽  
Anas Fulvigula

scholarly journals Microsatellite Polymorphism and Genetic Structure of Florida Mottled Duck Populations

The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christen L. Williams ◽  
Richard C. Brust ◽  
Olin E. Rhodes Jr
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
Mottled Duck ◽  
Anas Fulvigula ◽  
High Level

Abstract Little is understood concerning the effects regional isolation and habitat loss have had upon the genetic structure of Mottled Ducks (Anas fulvigula), a nonmigratory waterfowl species with a limited distribution. Our objective was to identify nuclear DNA-based markers for Mottled Ducks and determine levels of subdivision among populations in Florida. We screened 13 microsatellite primer pairs and identified six microsatellite loci that were variable in Mottled Ducks. These markers revealed a low level of genetic differentiation and a high level of genetic exchange among four Mottled Duck subpopulations within Florida. Over all populations, single-locus expected heterozygosities over the six loci surveyed ranged from 0.13–0.85. There were no significant differences in gene frequencies among the populations examined, and the Fst over 5 biparental loci was not different from zero. Our analysis of the Florida Mottled Duck population indicated high levels of heterozygosity and no evidence of genetic subdivision among breeding units. Polimorfismo en Microsatélites y Estructura Genética en Poblaciones de Anas fulvigula Resumen. Se tiene escaso conocimiento acerca de los efectos del aislamiento regional y de la pérdida de hábitat sobre la estructura genética de poblaciones de Anas fulvigula, un ave acuática no migratoria de distribución restringida. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar marcadores genéticos de ADN para A. fulvigula y determinar los niveles de subdivisión entre poblaciones en Florida. Examinamos 13 pares de iniciadores (i.e., primers) para microsatélites e identificamos seis loci que fueron variables en A. fulvigula. Estos marcadores revelaron un bajo nivel de diferenciación genética y un alto grado de intercambio genético entre cuatro subpoblaciones de A. fulvigula en Florida. Para todas las poblaciones, la heterocigocidad esperada en un locus varió entre 0.13–0.85 para los seis loci examinados. No hubo diferencias significativas en las frecuencias génicas entre las subpoblaciones examinadas, y el valor de Fst para los 5 loci biparentales no fue diferente de cero. Nuestros análisis de las poblaciones de A. fulvigula de Florida indicaron altos niveles de heterocigocidad y no mostraron evidencia de subdivisión genética entre las unidades reproductivas.

Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula)

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Moorman ◽  
P. N. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Mottled Duck ◽  
Anas Fulvigula
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