A field versus laboratory study of blood oxygen status in normoxic crabs at different temperatures

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Massabuau ◽  
J. Forgue
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Field Versus ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Head Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Status

The blood oxygen status of two species of active crabs (Carcinus maenas and Necora puber) was studied in the field and compared with the results of previous laboratory experiments performed on a wide spectrum of physiologically different water-breathers. The aim was to determine whether, as in the laboratory, the functioning of the O2 supply system in the field could be based on maintaining the arterial [Formula: see text] in the low range, 1–3 kPa. The O2 partial pressures and concentrations in the arterial and venous blood, arterial blood pH, and blood respiratory pigment concentration were measured in normoxic water at various temperatures ranging from 10 to 20 °C and in various seasons. In the field, [Formula: see text] values in normoxic C. maenas and N. puber were in the low range, 1–3 kPa, independently of temperature, season, and blood haemocyanin concentration. It is concluded that in the field as in the laboratory, [Formula: see text] values mainly in the low range provide a head pressure sufficient to meet O2 needs. The changes that appear to occur in other respiratory variables are discussed in relation to field versus laboratory conditions and temperature differences. The consequences for analysing problems of hypoxaemia in hypoxic waters or situations are discussed.

scholarly journals Correlation between arterial and venous blood gas analysis parameters in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Novovic ◽  
Vesna Topic
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exacerbation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Acute Exacerbation Of Copd ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Exacerbation Of Copd ◽  
Venous Blood Gas ◽  
Oxygen Status

Introduction. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analyses have an important role in the assessment and monitoring of the metabolic and oxygen status of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Arterial puncture could have a lot of adverse effects, while sampling of venous blood is simpler and is not so invasive. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether venous blood gas (VBG) values of pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), partial oxygen pressure (PO2), bicarbonate (HCO3), and venous and arterial blood oxygen saturation (SO2) can reliably predict ABG levels in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Methods. Forty-seven patients with a prior diagnosis of COPD were included in this prospective study. The patients with acute exacerbation of this disease were examined at the General Hospital EMS Department in Prijepolje. ABG samples were taken immediately after venous sampling, and both were analyzed. Results. The Pearson correlation coefficients between arterial and venous parameters were 0.828, 0.877, 0.599, 0.896 and 0.312 for pH, PCO2, PO2, HCO3 and SO2, respectively. The statistically significant correlation between arterial and venous pH, PCO2 and HCO3, values was found in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (p<0.001). Conclusion. When we cannot provide arterial blood for analysis, venous values of the pH, Pv,CO2 and HCO3 parameters can be an alternative to their arterial equivalents in the interpretation of the metabolic status in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, while the values of venous Pv,O2 and Sv,O2 cannot be used as predictors in the assessment of oxygen status of such patients.

scholarly journals Canine Cerebral Metabolism and Blood Flow during Hypoxemia and Normoxic Recovery from Hypoxemia

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Artru ◽  
John D. Michenfelder
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Arterial Blood

There are conflicting reports regarding the effects of hypoxemia on the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2). Accordingly, we examined the changes in CMRO2 during normoxia, progressive hypoxia (PaO2 of 37, 27, and 23 mm Hg), and normoxic recovery from hypoxia, Measurements were made in dogs anesthetized with nitrous oxide (60–70%) and halothane (<0.1%) in oxygen. Arterial-cerebral venous blood oxygen content differences and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were measured simultaneously, the latter by a technique (collection of sagittal sinus outflow) previously validated for conditions of near-maximal CBF, The duration of each of the three hypoxic exposures was approximately 10 min. CMRO2 was significantly decreased (14%) only when the arterial blood oxygen tension was reduced to 23 mm Hg. CBF increased progressively to a maximum of 153% of control. Posthypoxemic brain biopsy values for cerebral metabolites obtained 40 min after normoxemia had been restored were normal. These results, in conjunction with an unchanged CMRO2 at 40 min normoxic recovery, suggest that no gross irreversible brain cell damage occurred. We conclude that with progressive hypoxemia. CMRO2 remains stable until oxygen demand exceeds oxygen delivery, resulting there after in a progressive reduction in CMRO2.

Oxygen respiratory gas analysis by sine-wave measurement: a theoretical model

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 985-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Mixed Venous Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mixed Venous

A sinusoidal forcing function inert-gas-exchange model (C. E. W. Hahn, A. M. S. Black, S. A. Barton, and I. Scott. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 1863–1876, 1993) is modified by replacing the inspired inert gas with oxygen, which then behaves mathematically in the gas phase as if it were an inert gas. A simple perturbation theory is developed that relates the ratios of the amplitudes of the inspired, end-expired, and mixed-expired oxygen sine-wave oscillations to the airways' dead space volume and lung alveolar volume. These relationships are independent of oxygen consumption, the gas-exchange ratio, and the mean fractional inspired (FIO2) and expired oxygen partial pressures. The model also predicts that blood flow shunt fraction (Qs/QT) is directly related to the oxygen sine-wave amplitude perturbations transmitted to end-expired air and arterial and mixed-venous blood through two simple equations. When the mean FIO2 is sufficiently high for arterial hemoglobin to be fully saturated, oxygen behaves mathematically in the blood like a low-solubility inert gas, and the amplitudes of the arterial and end-expired sine-wave perturbations are directly related to Qs/QT. This relationship is independent of the mean arterial and mixed-venous oxygen partial pressures and is also free from mixed-venous perturbation effects at high forcing frequencies. When arterial blood is not fully saturated, the theory predicts that QS/QT is directly related to the ratio of the amplitudes of the induced-saturation sinusoids in arterial and mixed-venous blood. The model therefore predicts that 1) on-line calculation of airway dead space and end-expired lung volume can be made by the addition of an oxygen sine-wave perturbation component to the mean FIO2; and (2) QS/QT can be measured from the resultant oxygen perturbation sine-wave amplitudes in the expired gas and in arterial and mixed-venous blood and is independent of the mean blood oxygen partial pressure and oxyhemoglobin saturation values. These calculations can be updated at the sine-wave forcing period, typically 2–4 min.

Influence of oxygen partial pressures on protein synthesis in feeding crabs

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. R500-R510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Mente ◽  
Alexia Legeay ◽  
Dominic F. Houlihan ◽  
Jean-Charles Massabuau
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Peptide Bond ◽  
Shore Crab ◽  
Peptide Bond Formation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Tissue Protein Synthesis ◽  
Oxygenation Level

Many water-breathing animals have a strategy that consists of maintaining low blood Po 2 values in a large range of water oxygenation level (4–40 kPa). This study examines the postprandial changes in O2 consumption, arterial blood Po 2, and tissue protein synthesis in the shore crab Carcinus maenas in normoxic, O2-depleted, and O2-enriched waters to study the effects of this strategy on the O2 consumption and peptide bond formation after feeding. In normoxic water (21 kPa), the arterial Po 2 was 1.1 kPa before feeding and 1.2 kPa 24 h later. In water with a Po 2 of 3 kPa (arterial Po 2 0.6 kPa), postprandial stimulation of protein synthesis and O2 consumption were blocked. The blockade was partial at a water Po 2 of 4 kPa (arterial Po 2 0.8 kPa). An increase in environmental Po 2 (60 kPa, arterial Po 2 10 kPa) resulted in an increase in protein synthesis compared with normoxic rates. It is concluded that the arterial Po 2 spontaneously set in normoxic Carcinus limits the rates of protein synthesis. The rationale for such a strategy is discussed.

Changes of Gas Concentrations in Blood and Water During Moderate Swimming Activity in Rainbow Trout

1967 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
E. DON STEVENS ◽  
D. J. RANDALL
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Fick Principle ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Volume Ventilation

1. Changes in partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in blood and water afferent and efferent to the gills are reported. These variables were measured before, during and after moderate swimming activity in rainbow trout. 2. Neither blood PCO2 nor water PO2, afferent or efferent to the gills, changed markedly before, during or after exercise. 3. Arterial blood was always more than 95% saturated with oxygen. Venous blood was 38% saturated, falling to a minimum of 28% during exercise. 4. PCO2 of arterial blood was 2.3 mm. Hg. Pco2 of venous blood increased from 5.7 to 8.0 mm. Hg during exercise and remained elevated throughout the recovery period. 5. Cardiac output (calculated using the Fick principle) stroke volume, ventilation volume and the volume of water pumped per breath all increase by a factor of between 4 and 5 during exercise. All tended to remain elevated for between 10 and 30 min. after exercise and then gradually decrease to pre-exercise levels.

An account of some experiments on animal heat

1832 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 515-516
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Times ◽  
Different Parts

The experiments here detailed relate, in the first place, to the relative capacities of venous and arterial blood for heat; secondly, the comparative temperature of these fluids in different parts of the body during life is attempted to be ascertained; and thirdly, the author states those conclusions which he thinks may be drawn from his experiments. In his first experiments he endeavours to discover the relative capacities by the times of cooling equal volumes of venous and arterial blood, regard being also had to the specific gravities of each. When blood was taken from the jugular vein of a lamb, and after the fibrin had been separated from it by stirring with a wooden spatula, its specific gravity was found to be 1050, that of arterial blood from the same lamb, similarly treated, being 1047. The quantity of each taken for experiment was the same, contained in the same vessel, and heated to the same degree. An equal quantity of water in this vessel had cooled from 120° to 80° in ninety-one minutes; arterial blood cooled, through the same interval, in eighty-nine minutes; and venous blood in eighty-eight minutes: and hence the author infers the capacity of venous blood to be to that of arterial as 92 to 93⋅7, that of water being 100. By other experiments made on various mixtures of these fluids with each other at different temperatures, he estimates the proportion to be 93 to 93⋅7.

Arterio-Venous Differences in the Components of the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System

1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 032-037 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ogston ◽  
C. M Ogston ◽  
N. B Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Activator Concentration ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Male Subjects

Summary1. The concentration of the major components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system was compared in venous and arterial blood samples from male subjects.2. The plasminogen activator concentration was higher in venous blood and the arterio-venous difference increased as its concentration rose, but the ratio of the arterial to venous level remained constant.3. No arterio-venous difference was found for anti-urokinase activity, antiplasmin, plasminogen and fibrinogen.4. It is concluded that venous blood determinations of the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system reflect satisfactorily arterial blood levels.

COLOUR FILTERS APPLICATION FOR DIAGNOSTICS SOME PATHOLOGICAL PROCESS

1970 ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
A. G. Belova ◽  
E. V. Zimina ◽  
N. P. Simbirtsev
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Dark Spot ◽  
High Reflectivity ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Green Background

During a pathoanatomic autopsy, it is very important to correctly assess the color change of the organs. However, it is not always clear because the color depends on the spectrum of the incident light. There is also a subjective assessment of color. In addition, in animals with large amounts of circulating blood, for example, dogs, early imbibition occurs, which makes it difficult to assess the color of the organ and pathoanatomical diagnosis. We have proposed a simple and visual method of recognition of two pathological processes – inflammation and edema using colored filters. This technique also allows to accurately differentiate inflammation from postmortem imbibition, to recognize fibrin and hemorrhage well. Postmortem examination of different types of animals (predacious families of mustelids, canids, felids) was performed in accordance with Shore’s method in the prosectorium of the Pathonomy Department, K.I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology visual analysis – under various artificial lights (fluorescent lamps with banded spectrum and halogen lamps). In the red filter are well identified the pathological processes associated with the venous blood presence in the tissues (venous hyperemia and pulmonary edema). The focus of venous hyperemia or edema in the red filter looks like a dark zone, and tissues, where arterial bloods predominated, aren’t detected in red filter. In the yellow – green filter the inflammation is clearly detected: the zone is brightly red and surrounding tissues become dark. Red colour filters have rather narrow band of transmittance from 600 to 700 nm. Yellow-green have a width zone – from 500 to 700 nm, including both red, and yellow-green part of spectrum. Oxidized hemoglobin in red part of spectrum absorbs ten time weaker, has more high reflectivity and looks red. Surrounding tissues reflect the red rays, which incident on them also red. Therefore, the zone of edema, venous hyperemia and hemorrhaging, containing venous blood, are detected the dark spot, and inflammation zone merges with the red background. Oxidized hemoglobin in the red spectrum part absorbs ten time weaker than reduced hemoglobin, has high reflectivity of the red spectrum part and looks brightly red, surrounding tissues reflect yellow-green spectrum part and look green. Therefore, the zones of inflammation, active hyperemia and hemorrhaging, containing arterial blood, sharp contrast with green background and are clearly visible. Diagnoses made with the help of color filters are confirmed by histological studies.

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