Evaluation of several indices for assessment of coyote (Canis latrans) body composition

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1620-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Huot ◽  
Marie-Lazarine Poulle ◽  
Michel Crête
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
The Body ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Kidney Fat Index ◽  
Total Body

The body composition of 27 coyotes (Canis latrans) of different ages and both sexes was determined on the basis of chemical analyses of homogenized samples of viscera, carcass, and skin. Regression analyses were used to identify the best indices for estimating fat (lipid reserves), protein, and water body contents. A combined index based on the kidney fat index and the percentage of femur marrow fat was the best indicator of fat reserves. Body mass (whole or skinned carcass) and eviscerated carcass mass were the best predictors of total body protein and total body water contents. A combination of indices is proposed to provide postmortem or in vivo estimates of coyote body composition.

scholarly journals Prediction of the <i>in vivo</i> Body Composition of Pigs Based on Cross- Sectional Region Analysis of Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Scans

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
A. D. Mitchell ◽  
A. Scholz ◽  
V. Pursel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Dxa Scans

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of a cross-sectional scan as an alternative to the total body DXA scan for predicting the body composition of pigs in vivo. A total of 212 pigs (56 to 138 kg live body weight) were scanned by DXA. The DXA scans were analyzed for percentage fat and lean in the total body and in 14 cross-sections (57.6 mm wide): 5 in the front leg/thoracic region, 4 in the abdominal region, and 5 in the back leg region. Regression analysis was used to compare total body and cross-sectional DXA results and chemical analysis of total body fat, protein and water. The relation (R2) between the percentage fat in individual slices and the percentage of total body fat measured by DXA ranged from 0.78 to 0.97 and by chemical analysis from 0.71 to 0.85, respectively. The relation between the percentage of lean in the individual slices and chemical analysis for percentage of total body protein and water ranged from 0.48 to 0.60 and 0.56 to 0.76, respectively. These results indicate that total body composition of the pig can be predicted (accurately) by performing a time-saving single-pass cross-sectional scan.

Body composition in vivo. VI. The composition of ewes during prolonged undernutrition

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group 1

Ten Border Leicester x Merino ewes were divided into two groups on the basis of a initial calculation of their body composition. Group 1 comprised a group of six moderately fat ewes (fat content < 25% body weight), and group 2 four very fat ewes (fat content >40% body weight). The ewes were undernourished by feeding progressively diminishing quantities of a mixture of lucerne chaff and oats (1:1) until group 1 had lost 38.7 and group 2 33.7% of their initial weight in 150–200 days. Feed intakes and wool growth of the sheep were recorded and calculations were made of the body composition in terms of total body water, fat, protein, and ash as undernutrition progressed. Thiocyanate spaces, haematocrit values, and plasma, blood, and red cell volumes were also measured. Generally the ewes in group 1 exhibited a starvation syndrome which was characterized by the gradual depletion of the fat and protein reserves of the body until fat reserves had been almost completely used. Thiocyanate spaces in these ewes expanded relative to body weight, and the circulatory parameters showed a progressive shrinkage of the red cell volume while plasma volume was maintained. The ewes in group 2 differed markedly in their reaction to undernutrition in that three out of the four passed, after a time, into a phase of inappetence and died while still in a very fat condition.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Body Composition Analysis and Biochemical Nutritional Markers in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients with Chronic Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Luciana Carmen Nitoi ◽  
Valeriu Ardeleanu ◽  
Anca Pantea Stoian ◽  
Lavinia Alexandra Moroianu
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Arterial Line ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body

Several approaches have been used to assess protein-energy wasting syndrome, such as clinical evaluation, biochemical nutritional markers, anthropometric measurements, but Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) techniques hold a central place in clinical settings. The aim of this study is to report our clinical experience with BIA and the correlations between biochemical nutritional markers and BIA nutritional parameters in hemodialysis (HD) patients associating or free of chronic liver disease. This cross-sectional observational study included 69 HD patients divided into two groups: 33 with chronic liver disease (CLD+) versus 36 chronic liver disease-free (CLD-) from one HD unit in Romania. Serum albumin (SA), serum creatinine (SCr) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were obtained from the HD arterial line immediately before the HD session and by BIA the body composition including total body water (TBW), total body fat (TBF), lean fat free mass(LFFM), body muscular mass (BMM), malnutrition index and body protein reserve (PR) were assessed. No significant differences between groups were found in BCM, BMM, PR and TBF (p = 0.92, p = 0.60, p = 0.907, and p = 0.634, respectively). Malnutrition index had a significantly higher mean value in HD-CLD(+) patients (p = 0.00). HD-CLD(-) group showed a strong correlation between SA and SCr and BCM, BMM (kg), LFFM (kg) and body PR (kg) (r=.48, r=.50, r=.44, r=.50; resp. r=.42, r=.40, r=.36, r=.42). In HD-CLD(+) patients, a significant positive correlation was found between SA and SCr and LFFM and body PR (r=.37, r=.35; resp. r=.44, r=.35). Discussion: BIA is one of the most accurate techniques for assessing nutritional status and should be regularly used in clinical practice along with biochemical nutritional markers in HD patients. Although the protein metabolism depends to a large extent on liver function, CLD cannot be considered as having a significant impact on nutritional status in HD patients.

In vivo estimation of body composition of lactating dairy cattle from urea space measurements

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 206-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Agnew ◽  
W J McCaughey ◽  
J.D. McEvoy ◽  
D C Patterson ◽  
M G Porter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Space Technique ◽  
Total Body

San Pietro and Rittenberg (1953) reported that urea appeared to meet all the requirements of a satisfactory tracer. Urea is non toxic, not foreign to the body and it shows an even and rapid distribution throughout the total body water without any physiological effect. For these reasons in addition to its easy and accurate measurement, urea is an ideal candidate tracer to estimate empty body water in vivo. Total body water volume (urea space) can be estimated by dividing the total amount of urea infused by the increase in plasma urea concentration from prior to infusion until 12 or 30 minutes after mean infusion time. Kock and Preston (1973) reported significant relationships between urea space measurements and percentage of empty body fat and water in cattle. However, Andrew et al. (1995) using 21 Holstein cows showed that prediction of empty body water using the urea space technique only explained 31 % of the variation. The objective of this experiment was to use the urea dilution technique to estimate the body composition of lactating dairy cows and produce relationships between urea space and body fat and protein content.

The relationship between fertility and fat reserves of Peary caribou

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Marrow Fat ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Kidney Fat Index ◽  
Harsh Climate ◽  
Energy Balances

There was a close association between pregnancy rates and levels of fat reserves and body weights in Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) collected in the late winters of 1974 through 1977 on several islands in the Canadian Arctic. Pregnancy rates were <8% in adult (>2 years) females weighing <53 kg in March and April, >75% in those weighing >57 kg, and 100% in those >67 kg in weight. Pregnancy rates increased progressively from 7 to 100% as the percentage marrow fat increased from 43 to 79% and the kidney-fat index increased from 24 to 41%. Only heavy (>46 kg) yearling (21 month) females with high fat reserves were pregnant. Reproduction virtually ceased from 1973–1974 to 1975–1976 in Peary caribou on the western Queen Elizabeth Islands because their physical condition was poor. Pregnancy rates were as high as 100% in females in a second population located on Somerset and Prince of Wales islands, and in 1974–1975 four of five yearling females were pregnant. The adjustment of fertility to energy reserves is viewed as an adaptation to conserve energy. It is well developed in Peary caribou whose environment is characterized by a highly variable and often harsh climate in which negative energy balances probably prevail for 8 to 10 months of the year.

Fat deposition and seasonal variation in body composition of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy K Winstanley ◽  
William A Buttemer ◽  
Glen Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Total Body

We evaluated body composition of 165 adult red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) collected monthly from August 1995 to July 1996 in New South Wales, Australia. Total body fat content and estimated protein content were determined as a percentage of skinned body mass (SBM) using chemical analysis of homogenized samples. Mean percent body fat varied significantly over the year (P < 0.001) and differed significantly between the sexes in each month (P = 0.039). Male body fat reserves peaked at 13% of SBM in June, prior to breeding, and female body fat peaked at 16% of SBM in July during gestation. Body fat reserves declined rapidly in both sexes from September through November, reaching average values of 3-4% SBM by the time of weaning (November). Estimates of total body protein content varied significantly over the year (P < 0.001) but did not differ significantly between the sexes (P = 0.745). Protein content was lowest but stable at 21-22% of SBM from August to November and increased rapidly by December. Protein content then remained stable at 23-25% of SBM from January through July. The low body protein content in August through November corresponds to the decline in body fat reserves of foxes. These foxes appear to accumulate fat and protein reserves throughout the non-reproductive phase of their annual cycle and then deplete these stores during their reproductive period.

Body composition in vivo. IX. The relation of body composition to the tritiated water spaces of ewes and wethers fasted for short periods

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Panaretto
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Water Space

Correlations are described between tritiated water space, total body water, fat, and protein in sheep subjected to 18–21 hr of fasting. These provide a system for estimating the body composition of living ruminants.

In vivo estimation of body composition in Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls from urea space and fasted live weight

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
S. De Campeneere ◽  
L.O. Fiems ◽  
J.M. Vanacker ◽  
B.G. Cottyn ◽  
Ch.V. Boucqué
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Total Body

Urea is non-toxic, not foreign to the body and it shows an even and rapid distribution throughout the total body water without any physiological effect or toxic manifestation. For these reasons and for its easy and accurate measurement, urea is an ideal tracer to estimate body composition in vivo. Total body water volume (urea space) can be estimated by dividing the total amount of urea infused by the increase in plasma urea concentration between prior to infusion and 12, 18 or 24 min after mean infusion time (Preston and Kock, 1973). In this experiment the urea infusion technique was evaluated to estimate body composition of Belgian Blue double-muscled bulls.

Assessing total body protein, mineral, and bone mineral content from total body water and body density

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 1837-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Siconolfi ◽  
R. J. Gretebeck ◽  
W. W. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Body Water ◽  
The Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
3C Model

We hypothesized that investigators could assess bone mineral content (BMC), total body mineral (M), and protein (P) from body water (W) and density (DB) based on the theory of W. E. Siri (Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, 1956, p. 239–280 and Techniques for Measuring Body Composition, 1961, p. 223–224) for body composition analysis. Siri used one or more of the body components and the densities of the body, fat (F), W, M, and P to estimate one of the remaining fractional masses. We compared M, BMC, P. F, and fat-free mass (FFM) in 31 subjects (15 women and 16 men) computed from measurements of W and DB with [4-compartment (4C) model] and without [3-compartment (3C) model] BMC (from dual X-ray absorptiometry). 4C model P was calculated by difference (P = FFM - W - M). Mean difference (P > 0.05) ranged from 0.1 to 0.8%. Correlations [+/- standard error of estimate (%)] between 4C and 3C model values were significant (r = 0.907 +/- 8.8, 0.907 +/- 8.7, 0.969 +/- 6.6, 0.998 +/- 2.0, and 0.999 +/- 0.7% for M, BMC, P, F, and FFM, respectively). We concluded that investigators can assess M, BMC, and P from W and DB.

scholarly journals Studies on the body composition, fat distribution and fat cell size and number of ‘Ad’, a new obese mutant mouse

1979 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Trayhurn ◽  
W. P. T. James ◽  
M. I. Gurr
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Fat Cell Size ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Total Body

1. Studies have been performed on the body composition, the fat distribution, the fat cell size, and the ‘observable’ fat cell number of a new obese mutant, the Adipose (Ad) mouse. The serum glucose and insulin concentrations have also been investigated. All studies were undertaken with animals aged 6 months.2. The obese animals weighed over 50% more than the lean, but there was no difference in the body or tail lengths.3. The obese animals had an increase in the weight of the liver, but the increase was only proporational to the increase in the total body-weight.4. The carcasses of the obese mice contained more water as well as more fat than those of the lean. In the males the fat content was 3.9 times greater, while in the females it was increased by 5.5 times.5. The nitrogen content of the defatted dry carcass was the same in both lean and obese animals but the total body protein was higher in the obese.6. Fat was dissected from four major depots, gonadal, abdominal, hind subcutaneous and interscapular subcutaneous (including brown adipose tissue), and each was substantially larger in the obese animals. This indicated that the additional fat of the AAd mouse was not localized to any particular site.7. In Ad males there was no over-all increase in the observed number of adipocytes, all the extra fat being accommodated by an increase in fat cell size (3.8 times). However, in Ad females there was a 3.3-fold increase in the number of observable fat cells as well as a 2.2-fold increase in fat cell size.8. Non-fasted obese animals were not hyperglycaemic, but there was a 5.3-fold increase in the concentration of serum insulin. Hyperinsulinemia in the presence of normoglycaemia suggested that the obese animals were insulin resistant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document