The effect of different nutrient formulations in artificial diets on gonad growth in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1495-1502 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de Jong-Westman ◽  
B. E. March ◽  
T. H. Carefoot
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Gonad Growth ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Β Carotene

Several artificial diets were tested for their ability to promote growth of gonads in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, over a 9-month period. Survival and test growth were also monitored, as were gonad lipid levels and water content (at the middle and end of the reproductive cycle only). The artificial diets differed in amount of protein and in the presence of various additives such as mannitol, algin, cholesterol, and β-carotene; a diet of air-dried kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana) was included for comparison. Survival was > 95% for all diets save a low-protein one (82% survival). Test diameters showed no significant change over time or among dietary treatments. All high-protein formulations produced significantly higher gonad indices than low-protein ones. Addition of β-carotene to the high-protein formulation significantly increased gonad growth relative to all other diets; this was especially noticeable in December, at the time of best market quality for the roe. Lipid levels were not significantly different among dietary treatments in either November or March, but did show a slight statistically significant rise between these months (21.4–22.7% dry mass). Water content also showed no significant difference among treatments, but was significantly higher in March (82% live weight), just prior to spawning, than in November (70%). Gonad indices for all artificial-diet formulations were higher than any previously recorded for S. droebachiensis.

Artificial diets in sea urchin culture: effects of dietary protein level and other additives on egg quality, larval morphometries, and larval survival in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2080-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marja de Jong-Westman ◽  
Pei-Yuan Qian ◽  
Beryl E. March ◽  
Thomas H. Carefoot
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Green Sea Urchin ◽  
Β Carotene

The effect of artificial diets on the size and energy content of eggs and morphometry, survival, and metamorphic success of larvae was investigated in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, from the standpoint of developing a good broodstock diet for culturists. Groups of sea urchins were fed eight diets over a period of 9 months, then five of these dietary groups were selected for detailed larval-growth studies. The artificial diets differed in protein content and in various additives including mannitol, algin, cholesterol, and β-carotene; a diet of air-dried kelp was also included. Egg-energy content was highest on a high-protein diet with cholesterol and β-carotene additives, and the largest eggs so far recorded for the species (2.39 mm3 × 10−3) were produced on a high-protein diet with cholesterol additive. Larval survival to metamorphosis was >92% for all diets save for kelp (<5%). Kelp-fed adults also produced poorly metamorphosing larvae (<2%), suggesting that air-drying causes chemical changes in the kelp that are ultimately detrimental to larval health. Larval developmental rates were fastest on the high-protein β-carotene formulation. Larvae from this diet group also had the longest arms relative to body length, largest rudiment diameter, largest absolute and relative ciliated-band length (for efficient feeding), and had a high percentage of metamorphosis. These data suggest that a high-protein β-carotene diet will be useful for conditioning broodstock by prospective sea urchin culturists.

The effect of nutrition on the reproductive performance of first-litter sows 2. Protein and energy intakes during lactation

1984 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. King ◽  
I. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A factorial experiment involving high (53·1 to 59·5 MJ) and low (25·4 to 27·1 MJ) daily intakes of digestible energy, and high (550 to 745 g) and low (302 to 318 g) daily intakes of crude protein during lactation, was conducted with 68 first-litter sows. Average lactation length was 32 days, and average backfat changes during lactation were +0·3, −1·4, −7·2 and −5·4 mm for the high energy/high protein, high energy/low protein, low energy/high protein and low energy/low protein combinations, respectively. The corresponding mean live-weight losses during lactation were 3·9, 32·5, 29·8 and 35·8 kg. Within 8 days of weaning, more sows receiving high intakes of both energy and protein during lactation exhibited oestrus (0·88 v. 0·53, x2 = 6·7, P < 0·01) than sows whose energy and/or protein intake throughout lactation had been restricted. Nitrogen balances of sows were determined between 18 and 22 days after farrowing. Sows receiving high intakes of both energy and protein during lactation were in positive nitrogen balance, whereas the nitrogen balances of sows on the other three dietary treatments during lactation were similar to each other but negative. Ovulation rate, subsequent litter size and embryo mortality were not significantly affected by energy or protein intake during lactation.

Effects of chronic nitrite exposure on gonad growth in green sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

Aquaculture ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 242 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten I. Siikavuopio ◽  
Trine Dale ◽  
Jørgen S. Christiansen ◽  
Ivar Nevermo
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
Green Sea Urchin ◽  
Gonad Growth

Effects of hypoxia on feed intake and gonad growth in the green sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis

Aquaculture ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 266 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sten Ivar Siikavuopio ◽  
Trine Dale ◽  
Atle Mortensen ◽  
Atle Foss
Keyword(s):  
Sea Urchin ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
Green Sea Urchin ◽  
Gonad Growth
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