The impact of nocturnal light pulses on the activity pattern of terrestrial snails (Helix lucorum) entrained to a photoperiod of 12 h light: 12 h dark

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 1214-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Flari ◽  
M. Lazaridou-Dimitriadou
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Helix Lucorum ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Photoperiod Regime ◽  
Daily Rhythmicity ◽  
Terrestrial Snails ◽  
Skeleton Photoperiod ◽  
The Impact

The effects of nocturnal light pulses, "asymmetrical skeleton photoperiod regimes," on the circadian locomotor activity rhythm in adults of the edible snail Helix lucorum previously entrained to a photoperiod regime of 12 h light : 12 h dark were examined. In all experiments the snails showed a clear bimodal rhythm of behaviour, with peaks at both dusk and dawn. Shifts occurred according to the timing of 2-h light pulses applied in the scotophase and were related to the phase of snails' entrained rhythms. It is suggested that a minimum dark period (up to 10 h) is necessary for H. lucorum to retain its normal daily rhythmicity.

Phase-response and Aschoff illuminance curves for locomotor activity rhythm of the rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. R299-R304 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Summer ◽  
J. S. Ferraro ◽  
C. E. McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Phase Response Curve ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Log Steps

A phase-response curve (PRC) for the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity was constructed for female Sprague-Dawley-derived rats kept in continuous darkness (DD) except when given a 1-h light pulse (150 lx) once each 2 wk. By use of the circadian onset of wheel running as the phase-reference point, the free-running period (tau) in DD was 24.09 h. Maximum phase delays and phase advances occurred in response to light pulses given during the first 5 and last 6 h of activity, respectively. The delay-to-advance ratio (D/A) of the PRC was 1.5. In a separate group of rats exposed to continuous light, tau increased by 1.45 h as illuminance was increased in log steps from 0.1 to 10 lx, thus demonstrating the Aschoff effect in rats. This increase in tau was large, considering the relatively low D/A of the PRC, suggesting that factors in addition to the D/A contribute to the Aschoff effect.

The Locomotor Activity Rhythm of Talitrus Saltator (Montagu) (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-391
Author(s):  
P. K. BREGAZZI ◽  
E. NAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Endogenous Timing ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Locomotor Activity Rhythm ◽  
Timing Mechanism ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Talitrus Saltator

1. Talitrus saltator possesses a clear-cut locomotor activity rhythm, largely under the control of a persistent endogenous timing mechanism of circadian frequency. In dim red illumination the period of the rhythm is somewhat greater than 24 h; in continuous white light it is less than 24 h, provided that the animals are unable to avoid the light by burrowing. The rhythm is synchronized by light/dark fluctuations, and the animal is active during the dark period. 2. The timing mechanism is temporarily advanced by increases in temperature, but otherwise it possesses a large measure of temperature independence within the normal environmental range. 3. There is some evidence that, in groups, the animals influence one another and so reduce the rate of drift of the activity rhythm in constant conditions. 4. The adaptive significance of the endogenous timing mechanism of Talitrus is discussed.

Effects of light pulses on the locomotor activity rhythm of Orchestia montagui (Amphipoda, Talitridae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Jelassi ◽  
Dhouha Bohli-Abderrezek ◽  
Anas Ayari ◽  
Karima Nasri-Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Locomotor Activity Rhythm ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Orchestia Montagui

Profile of a short-acting κ-antagonist, LY2795050, on self-grooming behaviors, forced swim test and locomotor activity: sex comparison in mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112199688
Author(s):  
Eduardo R Butelman ◽  
Caroline Baynard ◽  
Bryan D McElroy ◽  
Thomas E Prisinzano ◽  
Mary Jeanne Kreek
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Short Acting ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Central Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Forced Swim ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Κ Receptor

Background: Novel short-acting κ(kappa)-opioid receptor selective antagonists are translational tools to examine the impact of the κ-receptor/dynorphin system in assays related to central nervous system dysfunction (e.g., substance use disorders, anhedonia and depression). The effects of such compounds have been compared in males and females under very limited conditions. Aims: The goal of this study was to examine potential sex differences in the effects of a κ-agonist and a short-acting κ-antagonist in an ethologically relevant test of anhedonia, the “splash test” of self-grooming, and also in the forced swim test and in locomotor activity. Methods: We examined the dose-dependence of grooming deficits caused by the κ-agonist U50,488 (0.1–3.2 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)) in gonadally intact adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. We then compared the effects of the short-acting κ-antagonist LY2795050 ((3-chloro-4-(4-(((2S)-2-pyridin-3-ylpyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl) phenoxy)benzamide)); 0.032–0.1 mg/kg i.p.) in blocking grooming deficits caused by U50,488 (3.2 mg/kg). The effects of LY2795050 were also studied in the forced swim test (FST). The effects of LY2795050 in blocking the locomotor depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg) were also studied. Results: U50,488 produced dose-dependent grooming deficits in male and female mice, and LY2795050 prevented these effects. In contrast, LY2795050 decreased immobility in the FST in males at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, but not in females, up to a dose of 0.32 mg/kg. Also, LY2795050 (0.32 mg/kg) prevented and also reversed the locomotor-depressant effects of U50,488 (10 mg/kg), in males and females. Conclusions: This study further implicates the κ-receptor system in ethologically relevant aspects of anhedonia, and confirms sexual dimorphism in some behavioral effects of novel κ-antagonists.

Circadian Locomotor Activity Rhythm During Ontogeny inCrayfish Procambarus Clarkii

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariaa Luisa Fanjul-moles ◽  
Manuel Miranda-anaya ◽  
Julio Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Locomotor Activity Rhythm

Effects of aging on entrainment and rate of resynchronization of circadian locomotor activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. R1099-R1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Zee ◽  
R. S. Rosenberg ◽  
F. W. Turek
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Phase Advance ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Free Running Period ◽  
Related Phase

The phase angle of entrainment of the circadian rhythm of the locomotor activity rhythm to a light-dark (LD) cycle was examined in young (2-5 mo old) and middle-aged (13-16 mo old) hamsters. An age-related phase advance in the onset of locomotor activity relative to lights off was seen during stable entrainment to a 14:10-h LD cycle. In addition, the effects of age on the rate of reentrainment of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity were examined by subjecting young and middle-aged hamsters to either an 8-h advance or delay shift of the LD cycle. Middle-aged hamsters resynchronized more rapidly after a phase advance of the LD cycle than did young hamsters, whereas young hamsters were able to phase delay more rapidly than middle-aged hamsters. The age-related phase advance of activity onset under entrained conditions, and the alteration of responses in middle-aged hamsters reentraining to a phase-shifted LD cycle, may be due to the shortening of the free-running period of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity with advancing age that has previously been observed in this species.

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