Emigration and survival of orphaned female deer in Illinois

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwayne R. Etter ◽  
Jeanette A. Thomas ◽  
Charles M. Nixon ◽  
Joseph B. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Social Position ◽  
Maternal Support ◽  
East Central ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
West Central ◽  
Free Ranging

Emigration and survival were examined for 13 orphaned and 94 nonorphaned female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) captured at < 10 months of age from free-ranging populations in Illinois. Emigration rates were higher (P = 0.026) for female orphans than for nonorphans. Nine of 13 (69%) orphans emigrated in spring through early summer. In contrast, only 35 of 94 (37%) nonorphans emigrated. Annual survival rates for all females from three Illinois study areas were 0.59, 0.71, and 0.80 for the east-central, west-central, and northern study areas, respectively. Possible stimuli for emigration among orphaned female white-tailed deer include pregnancy, low social position, and loss of maternal support.

Survival of white-tailed deer in intensively farmed areas of Illinois

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M Nixon ◽  
Lonnie P Hansen ◽  
Paul A Brewer ◽  
James E Chelsvig ◽  
Terry L Esker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odocoileus Virginianus ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Old Females

Survival of 265 female and 224 male [Formula: see text]1-year-old white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) marked on 3 study areas in central and northern Illinois was examined. Females lived, on average, 5.5 years and males 2.5 years from birth. Twenty-four of the 265 females lived for at least 10 years from birth, but only 14 males for at least 5 years. The oldest female was 18 years of age and the oldest male 9 years old when killed. For both sexes, deaths were concentrated in the fall, with males more likely to die than females. Males were more likely to die from hunting and females from other causes. Known wounding deaths were 1 for every 3 retrieved deer for archers and 1 for every 8 for firearms hunters. Dispersing male and female yearlings and 2-year-olds suffered greater mortality than did sedentary deer. Annual survival rates of yearling and older females ranged from 0.56 (dispersing 2-year-olds) to 0.92 (8-year-olds). Survival was significantly reduced for 5-year-old females compared with those both older and younger. Annual survival of rates males ranged from 0.35 (dispersing 2-year-olds) to 0.76 (sedentary yearlings).

scholarly journals Space use in free-ranging canids: are gonadal hormones required for territory maintenance?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (10) ◽  
pp. 939-947
Author(s):  
Eric M. Gese ◽  
Patricia A. Terletzky
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Range Overlap ◽  
Free Ranging

Fertility control among carnivores has been used to reduce depredations on livestock and wild neonates, population control, modify behavior, inhibit genetic introgression, and reduce human–wildlife conflicts. Although there is considerable knowledge on techniques to sterilize carnivores, there is little information concerning how the absence of gonadal hormones influences behavior, space use, and survival of wild canids. We examined territorial fidelity, home-range size and overlap, and survival of 179 surgically sterilized free-ranging canids (124 coyotes (Canis latrans Say, 1823), 55 coyote – red wolf (Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851) hybrids) with gonadal hormones present (tubal-ligated females (n = 70), vasectomized males (n = 73)) versus absent (spayed females (n = 22), neutered males (n = 14)). The absence of gonadal hormones did not influence annual home-range size and home-range overlap, territory fidelity, and annual survival rates. Additionally, no differences were detected across sexes and hormonal treatments in annual home-range size, percent home-range overlap, annual home-range residency rates, and annual survival rates. Methods of fertility control that do not keep gonadal organs intact may prove useful for management without concern for changes in behavior, mainly territoriality, space use, and survival.

Survival of red-capped robins (Petroica goodenovii) in woodland remnants of central western New South Wales, Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Major ◽  
Greg Gowing
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Survival Probabilities ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Winter Half ◽  
Linear Habitat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Summer Half

To determine relative survival rates of small birds occupying small, linear strips of woodland compared with large patches of woodland, marked populations of red-capped robins were monitored over a two-year period. In total, 196 male robins were banded with unique colour combinations in 10 woodland remnants and censused by song playback at half-yearly intervals. The Cormack–Jolly–Seber method was used to calculate half-yearly survival probabilities for birds in the two habitat configurations and the strongest model included separate survival parameters for summer (36.2% 5.1) and autumn (88.9% 13.5) half-years, but a constant recapture probability (50.5% 7.2). The inclusion of separate parameters for the large and linear habitat configurations reduced the strength of the model, indicating that there was no significant difference between the survival rates of birds occupying small, linear strips of woodland and birds occupying large patches of woodland. The mean annual survival, determined by multiplying the half-yearly survival probabilities, was 32%, which is low, compared with the annual survival of other Petroica robins. Although no banded birds were located away from the banding site, we suspect that much of the ‘mortality’ represented emigration during the summer half-year. Under this scenario a better estimate of annual survival (79%) might be achieved by extrapolation of survival over the winter half-year. This study provides no data to support the contention that adult mortality is higher in small, linear strips of habitat, although further data on the fate of birds that disappear from remnants is required before this is conclusive. In addition, to detect a 20% difference in survival using similar methods to the present study, with their accompanying sources of variation, at least 10 times the number of birds would need to be monitored. This might most effectively be done as a co-operative banding project.

Variation in ectoparasite load in the Mehely’s horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus mehelyi (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in a nursery colony in western Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozafar Sharifi ◽  
Najmeh Taghinezhad ◽  
Fatema Mozafari ◽  
Somaye Vaissi
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Solitary Males ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Forearm Length ◽  
Ectoparasite Load

AbstractWe studied variation of ectoparasite load in a free ranging populations of Mehely’s horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus mehelyi) on five successive occasions in a nursery roost in western Iran. In total, 87 Rhinolophus mehelyi were captured. The patterns of abundance differed greatly among parasite species but total parasite load was markedly higher in pregnant females in spring and early summer and lower in solitary males. On average, 90% of bats were infested by Eyndhovenia sp. with a mean intensity of 13.79 individuals per bat. Penicillidia sp. and one species from Streblidae were found in 66.7% and 11.49% of bats with parasite load of 2.31 and 1.8 parasite per bat, respectively. Using ratio of forearm length to body mass as an indication of bat health the correlation coefficient between parasite load and the health indicator was 0.002 for males and 0.06 for females indicating that parasite load has no apparent impact on bat’s health.

Demography of the San Francisco Gartersnake in Coastal San Mateo County, California

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Halstead ◽  
Glenn D. Wylie ◽  
Melissa Amarello ◽  
Jeffrey J. Smith ◽  
Michelle E. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Thamnophis Sirtalis ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Coastal Prairie ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Annual Probability ◽  
The Status ◽  
San Mateo County

Abstract The San Francisco gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia has been federally listed as endangered since 1967, but little demographic information exists for this species. We examined the demography of a San Francisco gartersnake population on approximately 213 ha of California coastal prairie in San Mateo County, California, from 2007 to 2010. The best-supported mark–recapture model indicated annual variation in daily capture probabilities and annual survival rates. Abundance increased throughout the study period, with a mean total population from 2008 to 2010 of 443 (95% CI  =  313–646) individuals. Annual survival was slightly greater than that of most other gartersnakes, with an annual probability of survival of 0.78 (0.55–0.95) in 2008–2009 and 0.75 (0.49–0.93) in 2009–2010. Mean annual per capita recruitment rates were 0.73 (0.02–2.50) in 2008–2009 and 0.47 (0.02–1.42) in 2009–2010. From 2008 to 2010, the probability of an increase in abundance at this site was 0.873, with an estimated increase of 115 (−82 to 326) individuals. The estimated population growth rate in 2008–2009 was 1.52 (0.73–3.29) and in 2009–2010 was 1.21 (0.70–2.17). Although this population is probably stable or increasing in the short term, long-term studies of the status of the San Francisco gartersnake at other sites are required to estimate population trends and to elucidate mechanisms that promote the recovery of this charismatic member of our native herpetofauna.

Improving Estimates of Annual Survival Rates for Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty, a Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1538-1545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braiden M. Heaps ◽  
Jason L. Blevins ◽  
Yu-Fen Chiu ◽  
Joseph F. Konopka ◽  
Shaun P. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Annual Survival ◽  
Unicompartmental Knee ◽  
Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
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