The co-occurrence of moose, white-tailed deer, and Parelaphostrongylus tenuis in Ontario

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A. Whitlaw ◽  
Murray W. Lankester
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Mortality Factors ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Deer Density ◽  
Parelaphostrongylus Tenuis ◽  
Trend Data

Moose (Alces alces) populations were studied in parts of Ontario where they cohabit with white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) infected with Parelaphostrongylus tenuis. Trend data on changes in cervid numbers for the period 1980–1992, current population density estimates, and records of moose sickness were obtained from Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources managers; presence and abundance of P. tenuis were determined by examining winter deer feces for dorsal-spined larvae. Moose and deer coexist in 45 of 83 Ontario Wildlife Management Units (WMUs) surveyed and have persisted there for at least the past 12 years. Cervid populations in most of these WMUs are presently believed to be stable or increasing. Moose density was inversely related to deer density and was greatest where the latter was <4/km2. In addition, moose densities were lowest in areas with the highest mean intensity of P. tenuis larvae in deer feces. Nonetheless, the documented persistence of moose in numerous areas with infected deer, and case studies of recent moose declines, suggest that the effect of this parasite on moose populations is more subtle than was previously believed, and further study is required to separate and measure its importance relative to other mortality factors known to act on moose populations.

scholarly journals A Review of the Relationship between Poverty, Population Growth, and Environment

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (4II) ◽  
pp. 597-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seeme Malik ◽  
Naghmana Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Deterioration of natural resources during the past few decades has come to prominence as one of the most important current global issues [Desta (1999)]. Increase in population density in ecologically fragile areas and consumption of nonrenewable natural resources at high rates is seen as one of the leading causes of this deterioration [Grigg (1991)]. At present, in some of the developing countries, the pollution of air, water and soil has reached life-threatening levels [Gilbert (1991)]. In many of these countries population pressures, socio-political conditions and economic arrangements have resulted in massive natural resource depletion [Ahmed and Mallick (1999)]. In a developing country, poverty is the major factor that distorts the population transition in response to food supply [Aziz (2001)]. Pethe (1982) suggested that the best way to reduce poverty is to bring fundamental changes in society. The magnitude of this task can be seen readily, if we look at some of the basic dimensions of poverty [World Bank (1998)]:

scholarly journals Assumptions about fence permeability influence density estimates for brown hyaenas across South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn S. Williams ◽  
Samual T. Williams ◽  
Rebecca J. Welch ◽  
Courtney J. Marneweck ◽  
Gareth K. H. Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Density Results

AbstractWildlife population density estimates provide information on the number of individuals in an area and influence conservation management decisions. Thus, accuracy is vital. A dominant feature in many landscapes globally is fencing, yet the implications of fence permeability on density estimation using spatial capture-recapture modelling are seldom considered. We used camera trap data from 15 fenced reserves across South Africa to examine the density of brown hyaenas (Parahyaena brunnea). We estimated density and modelled its relationship with a suite of covariates when fenced reserve boundaries were assumed to be permeable or impermeable to hyaena movements. The best performing models were those that included only the influence of study site on both hyaena density and detection probability, regardless of assumptions of fence permeability. When fences were considered impermeable, densities ranged from 2.55 to 15.06 animals per 100 km2, but when fences were considered permeable, density estimates were on average 9.52 times lower (from 0.17 to 1.59 animals per 100 km2). Fence permeability should therefore be an essential consideration when estimating density, especially since density results can considerably influence wildlife management decisions. In the absence of strong evidence to the contrary, future studies in fenced areas should assume some degree of permeability in order to avoid overestimating population density.

Density and activity patterns of ocelot populations in Yasuní National Park, Ecuador

Mammalia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Salvador ◽  
Santiago Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
National Park ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Yasuni National Park ◽  
Ecuadorian Amazon

AbstractOcelots were historically hunted for their skins but habitat loss is now their most serious threat, causing rapid declines in populations throughout their range. Ocelot abundance has been estimated for various locations across the Neotropics, but we still lack this information from some countries, including Ecuador. Knowing whether ocelot abundance is increasing or decreasing is important to assess the conservation status of this species and the conditions of its habitats in the Ecuadorian Amazon and in the region. To determine whether ocelot abundance and its behavior are affected by human-related activities, camera-trap surveys were carried out in two localities of Yasuní National Park (YNP), one that has experienced hunting, oil extraction, and roads (Maxus Road) and one that is largely unaffected by these activities (Lorocachi). During the survey, 35 and 36 individual ocelots were photographed in Maxus Road and Lorocachi, respectively. Population density estimates were similar for both localities, ranging from 0.31 (SE±6) to 0.85 (SE±17) ocelots/km

scholarly journals The vegetation of Tshanini Game Reserve and a comparison with equivalent units in the Tembe Elephant Park in Maputaland, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Y. Gaugris ◽  
W.S. Matthews ◽  
M.W. Van Rooyen ◽  
J. Du P. Bothma
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Renewable Natural Resources ◽  
Game Reserve ◽  
Northern Maputaland

The Tembe Elephant Park was proclaimed in 1983 after negotiations between the then KwaZulu Bureau of Natural Resources and the Tembe Tribal Authority in consultation with the local communities of northern Maputaland, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The park boundaries were subsequently fenced and animal numbers started to increase. The fence has kept the utilisation of renewable natural resources by the local communities at bay for the past 19 years. In this period, the vegetation of the park has been utilised only by the indigenous fauna, but it has been affected by management decisions and possibly also regional environmental changes.

scholarly journals Modelling of the canopy photosynthesis in intercropping with lettuce, rocket, radish, coriander and red beet

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Laíza Gomes de Paiva ◽  
Caciana Cavalcanti Costa ◽  
Jerfferson Araujo Cavalcante ◽  
Kilson Pinheiro Lopes ◽  
José Wilson da Silva Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Mutual Interaction ◽  
Proper Choice ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Red Beet

<p>In the past years, many combinations of plants in intercropping have been demonstrating agronomic viability due to the increase of production per unity of area and greater use of natural resources. However, the knowledge and the proper choice of crops that will be part of the system are necessary to reach achievement, so that there is mutual interaction between them. The study had the purpose of evaluate the productivity of lettuce (Elba) intercropped with coriander (Verdão), rocket (Cultivada), beet (Early Wonder) or radish (Crimson Gigante). The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the CCTA/UFCG, Pombal/PB, from September 2013 to July 2014. Nine treatments were assessed (4 intercropping and 5 monocultures), installed in randomized blocks with four replications. The amalgamation of lettuce with crops of coriander, rocket, radish or beet did not affected negatively its profitability. The intercropping of lettuce and beet presented the greater productive efficiency and efficient use of land, demonstrated by the increased production of both crops in this association. </p><p align="center"><strong>Modelagem do dossel fotossintético em sistemas consorciados com alface, rúcula, rabanete, coentro e beterraba</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong>Resumo: </strong>Nos últimos anos muitas combinações de plantas em cultivo consorciado têm demonstrado viabilidade agronômica devido ao aumento de produção por unidade de área e maior aproveitamento de recursos naturais, no entanto, para que esse sistema alcance sucesso é necessário a escolha adequada das culturas que irão fazer parte do mesmo, de maneira que haja interação mútua entre elas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a produtividade da cultura da alface (‘Elba’) em consórcio com coentro (‘Verdão’), rúcula (‘Cultivada’), rabanete (‘Crimson Gigante’), or beterraba (‘Early Wonder’) foi realizado o experimento na área experimental do CCTA/UFCG, em Pombal, PB, no período de setembro de 2013 a julho de 2014. Foram avaliados 9 tratamentos (4 cultivos consórcios e cinco monocultivos), instalados em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A combinação da alface com as culturas do coentro, rúcula, rabanete ou beterraba não afetou negativamente a sua rentabilidade. O consórcio de alface e beterraba foi o que apresentou o seu maior rendimento produtivo e de uso eficiente da terra, demonstrado pelo aumento da produção de ambas as culturas, nesta associação. </p>

scholarly journals Gender differences in income distributions in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-232
Author(s):  
Julia Włodarczyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Social Monitoring ◽  
Kernel Density Estimates

The paper presents results of a descriptive analysis of income distributions as well as top income inequality among women and men in Poland. The analysis is based on the dataset provided by the Council for Social Monitoring (2019). Throughout 2003–2015 their panel survey included, for example, a question on individual net monthly income in the past three months. In order to reduce differences associated with the age of entering and exiting the labour market on declared income levels (especially pensions), the calculations include only women and men aged 25–60 years. The analysis of income distributions of women and men in Poland is based on standard measures such as mean income, median income and related measures, as well as the Gini coefficient, Theil index and entropy index. It is supplemented by kernel density estimates and results of simultaneous quantile regressions that demonstrate differences between women and men across income groups. The analysis of top income inequality includes comparisons of subsamples consisting of top 3% earners in each group. The share of women in the top percentiles is then calculated and discussed. The analysis shows different dynamics related to the incomes of women and men, which provides support for including business cycle considerations in the analysis of income inequalities and their gender aspects.

France and the United States View Each Other From Across the Atlantic a report of two surveys

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Trend Data

The results of the surveys conducted in France and the United States reveal not only current attitudes and perceptions of the people, but more importantly, on those questions where trend data are available, the changes in attitudes which have occurred over the past six years can be measured.

Contingency in International Law

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
International Law ◽  
Present State ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
The Past ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Way

This volume asks a question that is deceptive in its simplicity: Could international law have been otherwise? In other words, what were the past possibilities, if any, for a different law? The search for contingency in international law is often motivated, including in the present volume, by the refusal to accept the present state of affairs and by the hope that recovering possibilities of the past will facilitate a different future. The volume situates the search for contingency theoretically and within many fields of international law, such as human rights and armed conflict, migrants and refugees, the sea and natural resources, and foreign investment and trade. Today there is hardly a serious account that would consider the path of international law to be necessary and that would deny the possibility of a different law altogether. At the same time, however, behind every possibility of the past stands a reason – or reasons – why the law developed as it did. Those who embark in search of contingency soon encounter tensions when they want to recover past possibilities without downplaying patterns of determination and domination. Nevertheless, while warring critical sensibilities may point in different directions, only a keen sense of why things turned out the way they did makes it possible to argue about how they could plausibly have turned out differently.

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