Comparative study of gill dimensions of three erythrinid species in relation to their respiratory function

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisa Narciso Fernandes ◽  
Franscisco Tadeu Rantin ◽  
Ana Lúcia Kalinin ◽  
Sandro EsteVAN Moron
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Filament Length ◽  
Respiratory Surface ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Increase Surface Area ◽  
Hoplerythrinus Unitaeniatus

Gill dimensions were analysed in relation to body mass in three erythrinid fish, an air-breathing species, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus, and two ecologically distinct water-breathing species, Hoplias malabaricus and Hoplias lacerdae. Evidence was obtained of remarkable differences in patterns of increase in filament length, number of secondary lamellae, bilateral area of the secondary lamellae, total area of the secondary lamellae, and mass-specific area of the secondary lamellae among these three species. The analysis showed a large increase in respiratory surface area relative to body mass in H. malabaricus (b = 1.14) compared with Hoplias lacerdae (b = 0.81) and H. unitaeniatus (b = 0.66). This difference is mainly attributed to an increase surface area of individual secondary lamellae together with an increase in filament length and total number of secondary lamellae. The results indicate that the increased respiratory surface area of the H. malabaricus gill facilitates oxygen uptake in hypoxic environments as the fish grows and this suggests that gill dimensions may reflect ecological factors and not only respiratory requirements.

scholarly journals Morphometry of the Gills of the Elasmobranch Scyliorhinus Stellaris in Relation to Body Size

1986 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
GEORGE M. HUGHES ◽  
STEVEN F. PERRY ◽  
JOHANNES PIIPER
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Filament Length ◽  
Paraffin Sections ◽  
Secondary Lamellae

In order to study the dependence of the dimensions of the respiratory apparatus on body size and to provide a morphometric basis for the analysis of branchial gas exchange function, the gills of 12 specimens of Scyliorhinus stellaris L., weighing 0.58-2.62 kg, were examined morphometrically. The average values and the local variations of the structural parameters determining diffusive gas transfer properties of the gills were determined. Particular attention was paid to corrections for shrinkage effects in surface area measurements and to corrections for the Holmes and slant effects in measurements of paraffin sections. The shape and size of secondary lamellae varied according to the sampling site on the filament, and filament length varied with its location on the gill arch. Also the water-blood distance varied, mainly because of frequent occurrence of thickenings at mid-height of the secondary lamellae. The total gill surface area increased proportionally to (body mass)0.78, mainly because of an increase in surface area of individual lamellae rather than an increase in their number. Since the thickness of the secondary lamellae varied little with body mass, the observed increase in total filament length in proportion to body mass is attributed to an increase in interlamellar distance. The water-blood distance varied little with body mass. The extent of shrinkage was found to be about 10% of filament length, but because of the compensating increase in secondary lamellar frequency this had no effect on gill area estimates, although it did affect the interlamellar dimensions. Shrinkage of individual secondary lamellae was extremely difficult to estimate, partly because of non-isometric shrinkage within the gill system. Underestimation of secondary lamellar area using paraffin sections could approach 30% mainly because of a reduction in the proportion of the pillar cell system exposed above the level of the gill filaments.

Respiratory gill surface area of a facultative air-breathing loricariid fish, Rhinelepis strigosa

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2009-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. C. Santos ◽  
M. N. Fernandes ◽  
W. Severi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gill Filament ◽  
B Value ◽  
Filament Length ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Gill Surface Area

The respiratory surface area of the gill in relation to body mass of the facultative air-breathing loricariid fish Rhinelepis strigosa was analyzed using logarithmic transformation (log Y = log a + b log W) of the equation Y = aWb. The data revealed differences in growth pattern for each gill element. The increase in gill surface area was not isometric with body mass (b = 0.76). The total number of secondary lamellae (b = 0.38) and the average bilateral surface area of the secondary lamellae (b = 0.46) contributed most to the rate of development of the gill surface area (total area of the secondary lamellae) with increase in body mass. Gill filament length (b = 0.339) was more important than the frequency (number/mm) of secondary lamellae in determining the increase in the total number of secondary lamellae. The number of gill filaments showed the lowest b value, 0.072. Rhinelepis strigosa has a larger gill surface area than most other air-breathing fish, indicating that it is better adapted for breathing in water than in air.

Gill Morphometry of the Mudskipper, Boleophthalmus Boddarti

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Hughes ◽  
N. K. Kadhomiy-Al
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Filament Length ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Area

Measurements of gill dimensions in relation to body weight have been carried out in a mudskipper, Boleophthalmus boddarti. The data was analysed with respect to body weight using logarithmic transformations (log Y = log a + b log W). The slope (b) of the log/log regression lines for the gill area, total filament length, average number of secondary lamellae/mm, bilateral area of an average secondary lamella, and total gill area/g were 1·0496, 0·427, -0·229, 0·851 and 00496 respectively.These results indicate variations in growth patterns for the different dimensions of the gills. The analysis shows that the increase in gill surface area with the body size is mainly due to an increase in the area of individual secondary lamellae and, to a lesser extent, an increase in filament length and total number of lamellae.The average weight-specific area for 14 specimens measured (3·6–35·4 g) was 108–15 mm2/g. This value is consistent with results obtained with some other intertidal species.Marked differences were found in the thickness of the water/blood barrier, which is thinner around the marginal channels. Morphometric diffusing capacity taking this heterogeneity into account was estimated as 0·0208 ml O2 min1 mmHg−1 kg−1.INTRODUCTIONMorphological studies on the gills of many fish have shown adaptations of the basic structure which can be related to the particular mode of life. Among these adaptations, air-breathing species show many remarkable structural modifications (Munshi, 1976), which extend to the gills forming air sacs in species such as Heteropneustes fossilis (Hughes & Munshi, 1979). Fish which inhabit the intertidal zone, like other seashore animals, are subjected to periodic exposure to air, which may produce problems of water loss and reduction in support for the gills, with consequent collapse and restriction of gas exchange surfaces.

scholarly journals The scaling and potential importance of cutaneous and branchial surfaces in respiratory gas exchange in larval and juvenile walleye

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (18) ◽  
pp. 2459-2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rombough ◽  
B Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Respiratory Gas Exchange ◽  
Respiratory Surface ◽  
Gill Area

Measurements were made of the surface areas (As) of the skin and gills of larval and juvenile walleye Stizostedion vitreum with a body mass (M) of between 2mg (1 day post hatch) and 2.3g (98 days post hatch). The skin, with a relative surface area (As/M) of approximately 8500mm2g-1, accounted for more than 99.9% of the total surface area (skin + gills) at 1 day post hatch. The relative area of the skin decreased as fish grew at an allometric rate of b-1=-0.32±0.01 (mean ± s.e.m., where b-1 is the specific-mass exponent in the allometric equation YxM-1=aMb-1, in which Y is surface area and a is a constant). The relative surface area of the gills (filaments + lamellae) increased in a hyperbolic fashion from very low levels (approximately 5mm2g-1) at 1 day post hatch to reach a maximum of approximately 1100mm2g-1 at a body mass of approximately 200mg. Thereafter, relative gill area declined at an allometric rate of b-1=-0.19±0.10 (mean ± s.e.m.). Gill area, because it declined at a slower relative rate, finally exceeded skin area at a body mass of approximately 700mg. The relative surface area of the skin and gills combined (total surface area) decreased at a more-or-less constant allometric rate of b-1=-0.21±0.01 (mean ± s.e.m.) throughout the experimental period. On the basis of the allometric rates of expansion, the structural capacity to supply oxygen (b-1=-0.19; total gill area, this study) and metabolic demand for oxygen (b-1~-0.13; mean literature value for routine and resting metabolism) appear to remain fairly closely matched in postlarval walleye (>300mg). The two parameters do not display the same degree of concordance during larval development. In larvae, total respiratory surface area declines on a mass-specific basis at roughly the same rate (b-1=-0.21) as gill area does in older fish but, unlike in older fish, metabolic demand for oxygen does not change (b-1~0.0). This results in a progressive decline in effective respiratory surface area (As/M.O2) but does not affect O2 uptake, probably because larvae are so small that surface area is not the limiting factor in gas exchange. Analysis of data from the literature suggests that surface area typically becomes limiting at a body mass of approximately 100mg. The major function of gills in smaller larvae (<100mg) appears to involve ionoregulation or related aspects of acid­base balance rather than respiratory gas exchange.

Relationships among Cutaneous Surface Area, Cutaneous Mass, and Body Mass in Frogs: A Reappraisal

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen R. Talbot ◽  
Martin E. Feder
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass

Spatial distribution of the parasite Kroyeria carchariaeglauci Hesse, 1879 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Kroyeriidae) on gills of the blue shark (Prionace glauca (L., 1758))

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1275-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Benz ◽  
Kevin S. Dupre
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Blue Shark ◽  
Prionace Glauca ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Gill Surface Area

Five blue sharks (Prionace glauca) were examined for gill-infesting copepods. Three species of siphonostomatoid copepods were collected: Gangliopus pyriformis, Phyllothyreus cornutus, and Kroyeria carchariaeglauci. The spatial distribution of K. carchariaeglauci was analyzed. The number of K. carchariaeglauci per shark was positively related to gill surface area and host size. Copepods were unevenly distributed amongst hemibranchs; flanking hemibranchs could be arranged into three statistically homogeneous groups. Female K. carchariaeglauci typically attached themselves within the middle 40% of each hemibranch; males were more evenly dispersed. Eighty percent of all K. carchariaeglauci attached themselves to secondary lamellae, the remainder were in the underlying excurrent water channels. Most K. carchariaeglauci were located between 10 and 25 mm along the lengths of gill filaments. Overall, the spatial distribution of K. carchariaeglauci was quite specific in all study planes. Explanation of this distribution is set forth in terms of natural selection pressures; however, the equally plausible explanation that the distribution pattern exhibited by these copepods is phylogenetically determined and may have little to do with contemporary selective constraints should not be ignored.

scholarly journals Regularities of Variation of the Red Blood Indices Characterizing the Respiratory Function of Blood in Selected Fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Maciak ◽  
Alina Kostelecka-Myrcha
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Erythrocyte Surface ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Counter Current

Regularities of Variation of the Red Blood Indices Characterizing the Respiratory Function of Blood in Selected FishThere is a large diversity of red blood indices determining oxygen transport ability in vertebrates. In fish this diversity is particularly large, probably due to the great variability in water environments, which impedes the possibility of finding and understanding general patterns. It has been assumed that in mammals, the measure determining the ability of a blood unit to transport oxygen is the ratio of hemoglobin concentration (HB) and total erythrocyte surface area (TSAE). It was also shown that both in mammals and birds the amount of hemoglobin per total surface area unit (Hb/TSAE) conditions maximum use of respiratory pigment in oxygen transport, in different physiological and environmental conditions. In order to check whether this regularity occurs in fish, red blood indices were analyzed in seven species of freshwater fish, differing noticeably in their biology and body mass in two seasons of the year. Notwithstanding this marked seasonal variability to the component variables together determining the total surface area of erythrocytes, the value for TSAE was found to differ in proportion to the higher or lower concentrations of HB. In consequence, the HB/TSAE ratio indicative of the maximal use of haemoglobin in the transport of oxygen was constant in all of the fish studied between analyzed seasons. This constancy - resembling that to be noted in birds - is most probably related to the counter-current gaseous exchange ongoing in the gills of fish.

Allometric strategies for increasing respiratory surface area in the Mississippian blastoidPentremites

Lethaia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
TROY A. DEXTER ◽  
COLIN D. SUMRALL ◽  
MICHAEL L. MCKINNEY
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Respiratory Surface
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