Sphaerospora oncorhynchi n.sp. (Myxosporea: Sphaerosporidae) from the kidney of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in British Columbia and its possible relationship to the myxosporean causing proliferative kidney disease in salmonid fishes

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 2425-2430 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Kent ◽  
D. J. Whitaker ◽  
L. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
North America ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Equal Size ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Salmonid Fishes ◽  
Proliferative Kidney Disease

Sphaerospora oncorhynchi n.sp. is described from sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Great Central Lake, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Subspherical spores and monosporous pseudoplasmodia were observed in the lumen of renal tubules. Pseudoplasmodia are oval or elongate and range from 5 to 15 μm in the greatest dimension. Spores are 8.2–10.2 μm (length) × 7.8–9.2 μm (width, in sutural plane) × 10.2–11.2 μm (thickness, perpendicular to sutural plane), with two spherical polar capsules of equal size measuring 2.9–3.3 μm in diameter and containing polar filaments with 4–5 coils. The spore contains two uninucleate sporoplasms and is usually surrounded by a degenerated pseudoplasmodium. The type locality for S. oncorhynchi is enzootic for proliferative kidney disease of salmonid fishes. This disease is caused by the PKX organisms, the extrasporogonic stage of an unidentified myxosporean similar to species of Sphaerospora. Sphaerospora oncorhynchi and the PKX organism are similar in that monosporous sporogenesis occurs within the lumen of renal tubules, and the trophozoites and pseudoplasmodia in early sporogenesis of the two parasites are indistinguishable. Furthermore, Sphaerospora spores very similar to those of S. oncorhynchi have been observed in salmonids from two localities in the U.S.A. that are enzootic for proliferative kidney disease. Therefore, the PKX myxosporean in North America may be an extrasporogonic form of S. oncorhynchi n.sp.

Proliferative kidney disease and Sphaerospora oncorhynchi in wild-caught salmonids from the Puntledge River system, Vancouver Island, British Columbia

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (S1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Kent ◽  
M. Higgins ◽  
D.J. Whitaker ◽  
H. Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Kokanee Salmon ◽  
Proliferative Kidney Disease ◽  
Sexually Mature

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD), caused by the PKX myxosporean, was observed in kokanee salmon (non-anadromous sockeye salmon) (Oncorhynchus nerka) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) collected from the Puntledge River, Vancouver Island, British Columbia in July 1993. This is the first report of a natural infection of PKX in either captive or wild sockeye salmon. All 14 underyearling kokanee salmon and the one underyearling chinook salmon exhibited numerous PKX organisms and associated chronic inflammation in the renal interstitium. Thirty-eight percent of sexually mature kokanee salmon collected in the autumn of 1993 from Comox Lake (which drains into the Puntledge River) were infected with Sphaerospora oncorhynchi, Kent, Whitaker and Margolis, 1993 in the renal tubules, while immature cutthroat trout (O. clarki) and coho salmon (O. kisutch) from the same collection did not exhibit myxosporean spores in the kidney. The kidneys of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) collected from the Puntledge River during the summer were all infected with a Myxobilatus sp., but no organisms suggestive of PKX or Sphaerospora were observed. This study further supports the hypothesis that PKX is a developmental stage of S. oncorhynchi, which may sporulate only in sexually mature salmonids.

Fecundity and Egg Retention of Some Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Stocks in British Columbia

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1643-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Manzer ◽  
I. Miki
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Absolute Fecundity ◽  
Egg Retention ◽  
Inadequate Sample Size ◽  
Egg Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Fecundity

The fecundity and egg retention of anadromous female sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) collected during 1971–82 from several stocks in British Columbia undergoing controlled fertilization to enhance adult sockeye production were examined. The relationship between egg number and postorbital–hypural length based on 863 females representing 14 stocks was not consistent between all age-types, stocks, and years, probably because of inadequate sample size in some instances. Combined samples, however, revealed a significant positive relationship between postorbital–hypural length and egg number for age 1.2, 1.3, and 2.2 females. Mean absolute fecundity for the respective age-types was 3218, 4125, and 3544 eggs. For samples of 10 or more females, significant stock and annual differences were detected when individual mean absolute fecundity was adjusted to a postorbital–hypural length of 447 mm, but not for females of different age. A comparison of mean fecundities for coastal stocks with historical data for interior British Columbia stocks suggests that coastal stocks are 18% more fecund than interior stocks. Possible causal mechanisms for this regional difference are hypothesized. Examination of 796 carcasses (representing five stocks) for egg retention revealed a range from totally spawned to totally unspawned females, with 56% of the carcasses containing 20 eggs or less and 68% containing 50 eggs or less. The mean egg retention based on all samples combined was estimated to be 6.5% of the mean individual fecundity. This value was reduced to 3.9% when stock means were averaged.

scholarly journals Importance of sample size for estimating prevalence: A case example of infectious hematopoietic necrosis viral RNA detection in mixed-stock Fraser River Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), British Columbia, Canada.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Laurin ◽  
Julia Bradshaw ◽  
Laura Hawley ◽  
Ian A. Gardner ◽  
Kyle A Garver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Sample Sizes ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis ◽  
Mixed Stock

Proper sample size must be considered when designing infectious-agent prevalence studies for mixed-stock fisheries, because bias and uncertainty complicate interpretation of apparent (test)-prevalence estimates. Sample size varies between stocks, often smaller than expected during wild-salmonid surveys. Our case example of 2010-2016 survey data of Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from different stocks of origin in British Columbia, Canada, illustrated the effect of sample size on apparent-prevalence interpretation. Molecular testing (viral RNA RT-qPCR) for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNv) revealed large differences in apparent-prevalence across wild salmon stocks (much higher from Chilko Lake) and sampling location (freshwater or marine), indicating differences in both stock and host life-stage effects. Ten of the 13 marine non-Chilko stock-years with IHNv-positive results had small sample sizes (< 30 samples per stock-year) which, with imperfect diagnostic tests (particularly lower diagnostic sensitivity), could lead to inaccurate apparent-prevalence estimation. When calculating sample size for expected apparent prevalence using different approaches, smaller sample sizes often led to decreased confidence in apparent-prevalence results and decreased power to detect a true difference from a reference value.

Infectious agent detections in archived Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka ) samples from British Columbia, Canada (1985-94)

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna K. Thakur ◽  
Raphaël Vanderstichel ◽  
Karia Kaukinen ◽  
Omid Nekouei ◽  
Emilie Laurin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Infectious Agent

Recent Colonization of a Major Salmon-Producing Lake in British Columbia by Pacific Lamprey (Lampetra tridentata)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan P. Farlinger ◽  
Richard J. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Nursery Area ◽  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Rock Slide ◽  
Pacific Lamprey ◽  
Natural Lake ◽  
Lampetra Tridentata

Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) were first observed in Babine Lake, the largest natural lake wholly contained in British Columbia, in 1963 and are currently found along approximately 15% of the length of the lake near the outlet. The number of spawning adults in 1982 was estimated to be 7281. Since Babine Lake is a major nursery area for sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the colonization of this lake by a parasitic lamprey is of concern, particularly if the species can become nonanadromous. The colonization may be beneficial if a commercial fishery can be sustained and if the species does not begin to feed in freshwater. The reason for the recent colonization is unknown but it coincides with increased human manipulation of fishes and habitat, including the removal of a major rock slide, 65 km downstream of the lake.

An Investigation of the Relative Efficiencies of Natural and Artificial Propagation of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at Cultus Lake, British Columbia

1938 ◽  
Vol 4a (3) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Foerster
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Artificial Propagation ◽  
Natural Spawning ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Percentage Efficiency

From three tests each of natural propagation and of artificial propagation involving liberation of free-swimming fry and two tests of artificial propagation involving planting of eyed eggs, it was found that no statistically significant difference occurred between the three methods. Computing the percentage efficiency as the number of seaward migrants produced from the total eggs handled, natural propagation varied from 1.05% to 3.23%—an average of 1.80%; fry liberation from 2.42% to 4.54%—an average of 3.24%; and egg planting from 1.45% to 4.71%—an average of 3.08%. Losses occurring during the five years' stripping and hatchery operations were recorded and, based on total eggs, the hatchery product available for distribution represented from 61.0% to 86.0% for egg planting and from 63.4% to 78.5% for fry liberation. There occurred a lake mortality of approximately 96% of the number of fry liberated. The conclusion was reached that in an area such as Cultus lake, where a natural run of sockeye occurred with a reasonable expectancy of successful spawning, artificial propagation, as commonly practised, provided no advantage over natural spawning, as a means of maintaining the run.

Productivity of Owikeno Lake, British Columbia

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1363-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Narver
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Nursery Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lake Productivity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Annual Total

Although Owikeno Lake is the third highest producer of adult sockeye salmon in North America in terms of mean annual total return (catch plus escapement) per unit of lake nursery area, limited measurements of other indices of lake productivity suggest that its primary productivity is much lower than that of the other four highest sockeye-producing lakes. The implications of these results to sockeye production are discussed.

PHILONEMA ONCORHYNCHI NOV. GEN. ET SPEC.

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. KUITUNEN-EKBAUM
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka

A new dracunculoid nematode, occurring in the sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, of British Columbia.

Limited behavioural thermoregulation by adult upriver-migrating sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the Lower Fraser River, British Columbia

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Donaldson ◽  
S. J. Cooke ◽  
D. A. Patterson ◽  
S. G. Hinch ◽  
D. Robichaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
And Migration

The objective of this study was to combine radio telemetry with individual thermal loggers to assess the extent to which adult migrating sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum in Artedi, 1792)) behaviourally thermoregulate during their migration through the Fraser River mainstem, British Columbia. The Fraser mainstem represents a region of the migration route that contains some of the highest mean temperatures encountered by sockeye salmon during their life history. We found that throughout the study area, individual sockeye salmon body temperatures occasionally deviated from ambient temperatures (ΔT), yet individuals maintained a ΔT of –1 °C or cooler for only 5% of their migration through the study region. There were moderate mean deviations of ΔT in two segments that are known to contain thermally stratified waters. In one of the study segments with the greatest ΔT, mean body temperatures decreased as river temperatures increased and ΔT became increasingly positive with higher river discharge rates, but these relationships were not observed in any of the other study segments. No relationship existed between ΔT and migration rate. While periodic associations with cool water were evident, mean body temperatures were not significantly different than mean river temperatures throughout the lower Fraser mainstem. This finding raises further conservation concerns for vulnerable Fraser River sockeye stocks that are predicted to encounter increasing peak summer river temperatures in the coming decades.

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