Antlerless females among reindeer and caribou

E. Reimers

doi:10.1139/z93-182

Antlerless females among reindeer and caribou

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z93-182 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (7) ◽

pp. 1319-1325 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

E. Reimers

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Habitat Quality ◽

Physical Condition ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Additional Data ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Southern Norway ◽

Over Time

The frequency of occurrence of female reindeer and caribou (Rangifer tarandus) without antlers was recorded in the field in southern Norway, Svalbard, Iceland, eastern and western Greenland, and Newfoundland. Additional data were retrieved from the literature. The study showed that antlerless Rangifer females occur throughout their habitat, though they are generally more common among woodland populations than among tundra or alpine populations. Antlerless males are extremely rare. Within subspecies, the frequency of occurrence of antlerless females varies with geographical location: 5 – 47% in Svalbard reindeer, 21 – 79% in western Greenland caribou, and 12 – 92% in Newfoundland woodland caribou. Within the same population the frequency has changed over time, as at Snøhetta and Hardangervidda in southern Norway and possibly also in Newfoundland (the Interior herd). Among tundra reindeer in southern Norway there appears to be a relationship between habitat quality, body size or physical condition, and antler status. Antlerless females are few or absent in populations in prime physical condition and common in populations with animals in poor condition.

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Vigilance and fright behaviour in the insular Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z11-040 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 89 (8) ◽

pp. 753-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Eigil Reimers ◽

Steinar Lund ◽

Torbjørn Ergon

Keyword(s):

Human Activities ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Svalbard Archipelago ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Vigilance Behaviour ◽

Southern Norway ◽

Wild Reindeer ◽

Flight Initiation

The insular Svalbard reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus Vrolik, 1829) provide an opportunity to study vigilance behaviour in the absence of predators and parasitizing insects. We measured vigilance and fright and flight response during summer 2006 in the Svalbard archipelago; in four areas on Nordenskiöld Land on the island Spitzbergen and in one area on the island Edgeøya. Vigilance was higher in reindeer on Edgeøya than in the four Spitzbergen areas. Males were less vigilant than lactating and barren females and vigilance decreased with increasing group size. The relaxed vigilance behaviour in Svalbard reindeer compared with wild reindeer in southern Norway demonstrates a vigilance threshold in the absence of traditional predators of Rangifer Hamilton Smith, 1827. Alert, flight initiation, and escape distances were all shorter in Adventdalen, with Longyearbyen and its considerably higher amounts of human activities and infrastructure than in the other study areas, supporting evidence of habituation towards humans. There were no systematic vigilance or differences in fright and flight responses between reindeer in Colesdalen, Reindalen, and Sassendalen, indicating that a combination of low level of human activities including hunting, recreation, and scientific activities affected the animals differently. Lower probability of assessing before fleeing in Edgeøya (63% vs. 94% in the Nordenskiöld Land areas), along with their higher vigilance, may indicate more frequent interactions with polar bears ( Ursus maritimus Phipps, 1774) in Edgeøya.

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Relationship between calving time and physical condition in three wild reindeer Rangifer tarandus populations in southern Norway

Wildlife Biology ◽

10.2981/wlb.2002.019 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 145-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kjetil Flydal ◽

Eigil Reimers

Keyword(s):

Physical Condition ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Southern Norway ◽

Wild Reindeer

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Augmenting the Clinical Data Sources for Enigmatic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study of Self-Tracking Data and Clinical Documentation in Endometriosis

Applied Clinical Informatics ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718755 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (05) ◽

pp. 769-784

Author(s):

Ipek Ensari ◽

Adrienne Pichon ◽

Sharon Lipsky-Gorman ◽

Suzanne Bakken ◽

Noémie Elhadad

Keyword(s):

Additional Data ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Management Strategies ◽

The Self ◽

Self Management ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Two Samples ◽

Data Source ◽

Daily Function ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Self-tracking through mobile health technology can augment the electronic health record (EHR) as an additional data source by providing direct patient input. This can be particularly useful in the context of enigmatic diseases and further promote patient engagement. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the additional information that can be gained through direct patient input on poorly understood diseases, beyond what is already documented in the EHR. Methods This was an observational study including two samples with a clinically confirmed endometriosis diagnosis. We analyzed data from 6,925 women with endometriosis using a research app for tracking endometriosis to assess prevalence of self-reported pain problems, between- and within-person variability in pain over time, endometriosis-affected tasks of daily function, and self-management strategies. We analyzed data from 4,389 patients identified through a large metropolitan hospital EHR to compare pain problems with the self-tracking app and to identify unique data elements that can be contributed via patient self-tracking. Results Pelvic pain was the most prevalent problem in the self-tracking sample (57.3%), followed by gastrointestinal-related (55.9%) and lower back (49.2%) pain. Unique problems that were captured by self-tracking included pain in ovaries (43.7%) and uterus (37.2%). Pain experience was highly variable both across and within participants over time. Within-person variation accounted for 58% of the total variance in pain scores, and was large in magnitude, based on the ratio of within- to between-person variability (0.92) and the intraclass correlation (0.42). Work was the most affected daily function task (49%), and there was significant within- and between-person variability in self-management effectiveness. Prevalence rates in the EHR were significantly lower, with abdominal pain being the most prevalent (36.5%). Conclusion For enigmatic diseases, patient self-tracking as an additional data source complementary to EHR can enable learning from the patient to more accurately and comprehensively evaluate patient health history and status.

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PSVIII-17 Assessment of conformational changes across three parities in sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 221-222

Author(s):

Melanie D Trenhaile-Grannemann ◽

Ronald M Lewis ◽

Stephen D Kachman ◽

Kenneth J Stalder ◽

Benny E Mote

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Body Length ◽

Conformational Changes ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Random Effect ◽

Joint Angles ◽

Body Depth ◽

Conformation Changes ◽

Over Time

Abstract Conformation-based sow selection is performed prior to reaching mature size, yet little is known about how conformation changes as growth continues. To assess conformation changes, 9 conformational traits were objectively measured at 12 discrete time points between 112 d of age and parity 3 weaning on 622 sows in 5 cohorts. The 9 traits included 5 body size traits (body length, body depth at the shoulder and flank, and height at the shoulder and flank) and 4 joint angles (knee, hock, and front and rear pastern). Data were analyzed with a repeated measures model (SAS V 9.4) including cohort and time point as fixed effects, sire as a random effect, and heterogeneous compound symmetry as the covariance structure. Sire variance ranged from 0.16 (body depth shoulder) to 2.00 (body length) cm2 for body size traits and 2.28 (rear pastern) to 4.22 (front pastern) degrees2 for joint angles. Cohort had an effect on all traits (P < 0.05). All traits displayed changes over time (P < 0.001). Size traits increased between 112 d of age and parity 3 weaning (64.16 vs. 107.57 cm, 26.62 vs. 44.14 cm, 23.32 vs. 36.92 cm, 46.10 vs. 73.55 cm, 49.36 vs. 77.47 cm for body length, body depth shoulder and flank, and height shoulder and flank, respectively); however, they fluctuated within parity by increasing during gestation and decreasing at weaning. Knee angle decreased (164.12 vs. 150.72 degrees) while fluctuating within parity by decreasing in the second half of gestation and increasing after weaning. Front and rear pastern angles decreased over time (60.89 vs. 53.74 degrees and 64.64 vs. 55.50 degrees for front and rear pastern, respectively), while biologically negligible change was observed in hock angle (148.63 vs. 147.48 degrees). Sow conformation changes throughout life, and these changes may require consideration when making selection decisions.

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Identity Politics and Refugee Policies in Kupang, Eastern Indonesia: A Politico-Historical Perspective

Asian Journal of Law and Society ◽

10.1017/als.2021.6 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Andrey Damaledo

Keyword(s):

Identity Politics ◽

Host Country ◽

Historical Perspective ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Refugee Status ◽

Timor Leste ◽

Displaced People ◽

Over Time

Abstract This article assesses the implementation of Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 concerning the Treatment of Refugees and how it relates to different kinds of bureaucratic labelling of refugees as it unfolds in Indonesia’s region of Kupang. From a politico-historical perspective, Kupang is a useful case-study for elucidating the policy implications of the labelling of refugees, as the region has been hosting different kinds of refugees due to its strategic geographical location that borders Australia and Timor-Leste. Drawing on my fieldwork in Kupang between October 2012 and October 2013, and my intermittent return to the region between January 2017 and February 2019, this article argues that labels for refugees evolve over time in response to the larger sociopolitical situation, but they are formed mostly to serve the interest of the host country rather than those of displaced people. Furthermore, while labelling displaced people as “refugees” has been effective in justifying funding and support, it can also lead to a manipulation of refugee status, and the marginalization and exclusion of refugees.

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Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) antler characteristics reflecting the local environmental conditions

Folia Oecologica ◽

10.2478/foecol-2019-0003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 16-23

Author(s):

Jan Kavan ◽

Veronika Anděrová

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Well Being ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

High Mountain ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Individual Subject ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Invasive Method ◽

Antler Size

AbstractA new non-invasive method based on picture analysis was used to estimate the conditions in Svalbard reindeer populations. The well-being of an individual subject is often expressed through visual indices. Two distinct reindeer populations were compared based on their antler parameters. Relative antler size and number of tines are variables supposed to reflect correspondingly the environmental conditions of sedentary populations within the growing season. The occurrence areas of two studied populations are distinctly isolated – separated with high mountain ridges, glaciers and fjords. The population in Petuniabukta occupies a sparsely vegetated region with harsh climatic conditions, whereas Skansbukta represents an area with continuous tundra vegetation cover, milder climatic conditions and, consequently, also a longer vegetation season. These environmental factors probably caused significant differences in the relative antler size and number of tines in the studied species. The Skansbukta population exhibited a larger relative antler size and higher number of tines than the population in Petuniabukta (both parameters differed significantly, p < 0.01). This difference reflects concisely the different environmental conditions of both locations. A comparison of Skansbukta population antler characteristics between years 2017 and 2018 did not reveal significant changes, most probably due to very similar atmospheric conditions in these two years (in terms of air temperature).

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Energy expenditure of free-living reindeer estimated by the doubly labelled water method

Rangifer ◽

10.7557/2.20.4.1516 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 20 (2-3) ◽

pp. 211 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Geir Gotaas ◽

Eric Milne ◽

Paul Haggarty ◽

Nicholas J.C. Tyler

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Rangifer Tarandus ◽

Water Flux ◽

Co2 Production ◽

Wild Ungulates ◽

Free Living ◽

Doubly Labelled Water ◽

Svalbard Reindeer ◽

Mountain Pasture ◽

The Mean

The doubly labelled water (DLW) method was used to measure total energy expenditure (TEE) in three male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) aged 22 months in winter (February) while the animals were living unrestricted at natural mountain pasture in northern Norway (69°20'N). The concentrations of 2H and l8O were measured in water extracted from samples of faeces collecred from the animals 0.4 and 11.2 days after injection of the isotopes. Calculated rates of water flux and CO2-production were adjusted to compensate for estimated losses of 2H in faecal solids and in methane produced by microbial fermentation of forage in the rumen. The mean specific TEE in the three animals was 3.057 W.kg-1 (range 2.436 - 3.728 W.kg1). This value is 64% higher than TEE measured by the DLW method in four captive, non-pregnant adult female reindeer in winter and probably mainly reflects higher levels of locomotor activity in the free-living animals. Previous estimates of TEE in free-living Rangifer in winter based on factorial models range from 3.038 W.kg-1 in female woodland caribou (R. t. caribou) to 1.813 W.kg-1 in female Svalbard reindeer (R. t. platyrhynchus). Thus, it seems that existing factorial models are unlikely to overestimate TEE in reindeer/caribou: they may, instead, be unduly conservative. While the present study serves as a general validation of the factorial approach, we suggest that the route to progress in the understanding of field energetics in wild ungulates is via application of the DLW method.

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The Measure of Law

The Constrained Court ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691151045.003.0002 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Michael A. Bailey ◽

Forrest Maltzman

Keyword(s):

Additional Data ◽

Face Validity ◽

Preference Change ◽

Fundamental Challenge ◽

The Right ◽

Over Time

This chapter articulates the challenges that any empirically oriented scholar would have in devising a measure of judicial preferences. It shows that it is impossible to make robust across-time comparisons using only Court voting. However, if we incorporate additional data we can create a measure of ideology that meets our needs and has face validity. The estimates we produce accord much better with the general understanding of Court movements over time as they indicate that Nixon's appointees moved the Court modestly to the right but that the Court remained quite moderate in historical terms in the early 1970s. The fundamental challenge is that it is hard to separate preference change from agenda change.

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