Growth and survival of newly emerged and juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) reared at different salinities

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1230-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Murray ◽  
T. D. Beacham ◽  
L. W. Barner
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Variance Component ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Rearing Environment ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Coastal Population

Newly emerged coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from 40 families of a coastal-spawning population were reared in fresh water and seawater for 144 d after ponding. Growth and survival were, on average, higher in fresh water than in seawater, but juveniles from some families had higher or equivalent survival in seawater compared with fresh water. Heritability (sire variance component) of survival and length ranged between 0.30 and 0.35. The transfer of juveniles from fresh water to 15‰ seawater after 70 d of rearing in fresh water had little effect on their subsequent growth and survival. In a second experiment, newly emerged fry from a coastal- and an interior-spawning population had the same survival in fresh water, but survival was higher for the coastal population than for the interior population in 15 or 25‰ seawater. Rearing environment had no effect on survival for the coastal population, but as rearing salinities increased, survival for the interior population decreased. Within a population, length, weight, and instantaneous growth rates for length and weight decreased with increased rearing salinity. The growth and survival of some juveniles in a saline environment were comparable to those observed for juveniles reared in fresh water, indicating that the marine environment provides a suitable rearing environment for some coho salmon.

scholarly journals Oversummer growth and survival of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) across a natural gradient of stream water temperature and prey availability: an in situ enclosure experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Lusardi ◽  
Bruce G. Hammock ◽  
Carson A. Jeffres ◽  
Randy A. Dahlgren ◽  
Joseph D. Kiernan
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Growth And Survival

Conservation efforts for Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) increasingly prioritize maintenance of cool water temperatures that protect all freshwater life stages. However, development of appropriate temperature standards requires a robust understanding of the interactions among water temperature, ecosystem productivity, and fish performance. We used a series of in situ enclosures to examine how natural spatiotemporal gradients in thermal conditions and prey availability affected the summer growth and survival of age-0+ coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Coho salmon absolute growth rates peaked at a mean daily average water temperature (mean T) of 16.6 °C and an associated maximum weekly maximum temperature (MWMT) of 21.1 °C. Juvenile growth under these thermal conditions was sixfold greater than the growth rates observed for conspecifics rearing in the coolest study reach (mean T = 13.0 °C; MWMT = 16.0 °C). Even at the highest rearing temperature (mean T = 18.1 °C; MWMT = 24.0 °C), growth rates remained positive and above the study-wide average, although overall survival was reduced. Among the predictor variables examined, invertebrate prey abundance was the predominant factor influencing age-0+ coho salmon growth. These results suggest that abundant prey resources may mitigate the negative effects of elevated water temperature on fish growth in riverine environments. Given the likelihood of increasing stream temperatures with climate change, productive ecosystems may provide critical refuges for juvenile salmonids.

scholarly journals Evidence for Freshwater Residualism in Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, From a Watershed on the North Coast of British Columbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A Parkinson ◽  
Chris J Perrin ◽  
Daniel Ramos-Espinoza ◽  
Eric B Taylor
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
Seaward Migration ◽  
Mature Fish

The Coho Salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, is one of seven species of Pacific salmon and trout native to northeastern Pacific Ocean watersheds. The species is typically anadromous; adults reproduce in fresh water where juveniles reside for 1–2 years before seaward migration after which the majority of growth occurs in the ocean before maturation at 2–4 years old when adults return to fresh water to spawn. Here, we report maturation of Coho Salmon in two freshwater lakes on the north coast of British Columbia apparently without their being to sea. A total of 15 mature fish (11 males and four females) were collected in two lakes across two years. The mature fish were all at least 29 cm in total length and ranged in age from three to five years old. The occurrence of Coho Salmon that have matured in fresh water without first going to sea is exceedingly rare in their natural range, especially for females. Such mature Coho Salmon may represent residual and distinct breeding populations from those in adjacent streams. Alternatively, they may result from the ephemeral restriction in the opportunity to migrate seaward owing to low water levels in the spring when Coho Salmon typically migrate to sea after 1–2 years in fresh water. Regardless of their origin, the ability to mature in fresh water without seaward migration may represent important adaptive life history plasticity in response to variable environments.

Effects of Streamflow and Upwelling on Yield of Wild Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in Oregon

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Scarnecchia
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Oregon Coast ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Coastal Rivers ◽  
High Flows ◽  
Oceanic Upwelling

To investigate the dependence of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) yield on streamflow and oceanic upwelling, I regressed catch by the Oregon commercial troll fishery from 1942 to 1962 against indices of offshore upwelling the previous spring and measurements of streamflow from five Oregon coastal rivers during the freshwater rearing phase. A highly significant positive relation was found between total streamflows during the freshwater residency of the fish for the five rivers combined and the weight of the annual catch of coho salmon from 1942 to 1962. There was also a significant positive relation between total combined annual (January–December) flows for these rivers and the catch 2 yr later. Conversely, I found no significant relation between the 60 consecutive days of lowest flow during summer and catch 2 yr later. High flows during freshwater rearing probably provide more habitat and better conditions for growth and survival. I also found a significant positive relation between April through June upwelling at two stations and catch of coho salmon the following year from 1947 to 1962. Fifty-six percent of the variation in catch from 1947 to 1962 was explained by the total flows during freshwater residency, 60 consecutive days of lowest flow, plus combined April through June upwelling at both stations. It is suggested that some stocks of coho salmon smolts may move southward or remain in local offshore waters after they enter the ocean to take advantage of the production of invertebrates resulting from upwelling.Key words: streamflow, upwelling, coho salmon, Oregon coast

Influence of Bovine Growth Hormone and L-Thyroxine on Growth, Muscle Composition, and Histological Structure of the Gonads, Thyroid, Pancreas, and Pituitary of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1585-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Higgs ◽  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
Helen M. Dye ◽  
J. R. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Bovine Growth Hormone ◽  
Poor Growth

Groups of underyearling coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were acclimated to 10 C well water and a photoperiod of 12 h L:12 h D. Excess ration (Oregon Moist Pellet) was presented daily. Doses of bovine growth hormone (5, 10, 20, 30, or 90 μg bGH/g body wt) and L-thyroxine (0.5, 5, or 30 μg T4/g) were administered over a period of 84 days (phase I) either by injection (via dorsal musculature or peritoneal cavity) or by hormone cholesterol implants into the muscle. Administration frequency of bGH and T4 was such (range 2 times/wk-1 time/3 wk) that fish theoretically received either 10 or 30 μg bGH/g per wk or 1 or 10 μg T4/g per wk. Control fish received either alkaline saline (pH 9.5) or a cholesterol pellet. After cessation of treatment the fish were observed for an additional 84 days (phase II). During phase I, growth rates (weight) for bGH fish (2.0–2.4% per day) and for T4 fish (0.97–1.1% per day) were significantly higher than those of control fish (0.42–0.59% per day). Among bGH fish, dorsal musculature injection (2 times/wk) was significantly more effective than intraperitoneal injection (1 time/2 wk).Increases in weight above control for bGH fish at 84 days ranged from 220 to 369%. Those for T4 fish extended from 47 to 78%. In phase II, control fish growth rates were higher (0.61–0.67% per day) than those for bGH fish (0.47–0.57% per day) and T4 fish (0.32–0.44% per day). Administration of bGH and T4 (high dose) caused a progressive decline in condition factor of fish from the control range. This trend was stopped and reversed in phase II.At 84 days, generally no significant differences were detected among groups for percentages of muscle water. However, some groups had significantly higher (bGH) and others lower (T4) percentages of muscle protein relative to those of control fish. Also, significant increases (T4) and decreases (bGH) in muscle lipid percentages were found. Hormone treatment altered the histological structure of the ovary, thyroid, exocrine (T4) and endocrine (bGH) pancreas, and somatotrop cells (T4) of the pituitary. A poor growth response was noted for two groups of coho administered bGH after acclimation to sea water.

scholarly journals Hypophysectomy of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and survival in fresh water and seawater

Aquaculture ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Nishioka ◽  
N.Harold Richman ◽  
Graham Young ◽  
Patrick Prunet ◽  
Howard A. Bern
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch

SELECTION ON INCREASED INTRINSIC GROWTH RATES IN COHO SALMON, ONCORHYNCHUS KISUTCH

Evolution ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fredrik Sundström ◽  
Mare Lõhmus ◽  
Robert H. Devlin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch

Two generations of outbreeding in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch): effects on size and growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 2538-2547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K McClelland ◽  
James M Myers ◽  
Jeffrey J Hard ◽  
Linda K Park ◽  
Kerry A Naish
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Two Generations

Outbreeding is a potential genetic risk in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) when aquaculture practices introduce nonnative domesticated fish to wild environments, making interbreeding with wild populations possible. In this study, F1 and F2 hybrid families of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were created using a captive freshwater aquaculture strain and a locally derived hatchery population that is integrated with naturally spawning fish. Intermediate growth was detected in F1 and F2 hybrids from crosses reared in captivity; both generations had mean weight and length values between those of the parent populations after their first year (p < 0.05). In the early life history stages, maternal effects increased alevin growth in progeny of hatchery dams relative to those of captive dams (p < 0.001). Aquaculture control families showed greater growth rates than hybrids in late summer of their 1st year and in the following spring (p < 0.05), while the hatchery controls had lower growth rates during the first summer (p < 0.05). Line cross analysis indicated that changes in additive and dominance interactions, but not unfavorable epistatic interactions, likely explain the differences in weight, length, and growth rate observed in hybrids of these stocks of coho salmon.

Effect of triploidy on growth and survival of pre-smolt and post-smolt coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

Aquaculture ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 168 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E Withler ◽  
W.Craig Clarke ◽  
John Blackburn ◽  
Ian Baker
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Growth And Survival

Comparison of growth rates between growth hormone transgenic and selectively-bred domesticated strains of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) assessed under different culture conditions

Aquaculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 528 ◽  
pp. 735468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh P. Gaffney ◽  
Rosalind A. Leggatt ◽  
Annette F. Muttray ◽  
Dionne Sakhrani ◽  
Carlo A. Biagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Culture Conditions
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