Adult population dynamics and reproductive effort of the fishing spider Dolomedes triton (Araneae, Pisauridae) in central Alberta

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2224-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Zimmermann ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Adult Longevity ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Dolomedes Triton

A combination of simple enumeration and more intensive Jolly–Seber and Manly–Parr mark–recapture estimation was required to give a complete picture of the population dynamics of adult Dolomedes triton on a small pond in central Alberta. The total number of spiders marked was 142 in 1986 and 210 in 1987, and annual adult emergence, using the population size estimates of the two mark–recapture methods, amounted to ca. 150 and 230 individuals in 1986 and 1987, respectively. The sex ratio was not different from 1:1 in 1986, but in 1987 more than twice as many males emerged than females. Males had significantly shorter observed residence times (life-spans) than females. Contrary to longevity estimates based on the survival probabilities given by the Jolly–Seber model, which were close to those based on enumeration, Manly–Parr survival estimates were strongly biased and even yielded impossible estimates of adult longevity. In both years the median date of male emergence preceded that of females by 5–10 days. Male population size decreased dramatically during the interval when the density of the female population increased, supporting the hypothesis that cannibalism by females is a major source of male mortality. Seventy and 55% of marked females produced egg sacs in 1986 and 1987, respectively. First egg sacs contained 472 ± 18.5 (SE) eggs. Four times as many nursery webs were found in 1986 as in 1987, suggesting that significant losses in female reproductive success occur during the period of egg sac care.

The closed-subpopulation method and estimation of population size from mark-recapture and ancillary data

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank AM Tuyttens
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Flexible Framework ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Better Than

The algebraic relationships, underlying assumptions, and performance of the recently proposed closed-subpopulation method are compared with those of other commonly used methods for estimating the size of animal populations from mark-recapture records. In its basic format the closed-subpopulation method is similar to the Manly-Parr method and less restrictive than the Jolly-Seber method. Computer simulations indicate that the accuracy and precision of the population estimators generated by the basic closed-subpopulation method are almost comparable to those generated by the Jolly-Seber method, and generally better than those of the minimum-number-alive method. The performance of all these methods depends on the capture probability, the number of previous and subsequent trapping occasions, and whether the population is demographically closed or open. Violation of the assumption of equal catchability causes a negative bias that is more pronounced for the closed-subpopulation and Jolly-Seber estimators than for the minimum-number-alive. The closed-subpopulation method provides a simple and flexible framework for illustrating that the precision and accuracy of population-size estimates can be improved by incorporating evidence, other than mark-recapture data, of the presence of recognisable individuals in the population (from radiotelemetry, mortality records, or sightings, for example) and by exploiting specific characteristics of the population concerned.

scholarly journals Iodine Intake in Norwegian Women and Men: The Population-Based Tromsø Study 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3246
Author(s):  
Ahmed A Madar ◽  
Espen Heen ◽  
Laila A Hopstock ◽  
Monica H Carlsen ◽  
Haakon E Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population

Ensuring sufficient iodine intake is a public health priority, but we lack knowledge about the status of iodine in a nationally representative population in Norway. We aimed to assess the current iodine status and intake in a Norwegian adult population. In the population-based Tromsø Study 2015–2016, 493 women and men aged 40–69 years collected 24-h urine samples and 450 participants also completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The 24-h urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was analyzed using the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction on microplates followed by colorimetric measurement. Iodine intake was estimated from the FFQ using a food and nutrient calculation system at the University of Oslo. The mean urine volume in 24 h was 1.74 L. The median daily iodine intake estimated (UIE) from 24-h UIC was 159 µg/day (133 and 174 µg/day in women and men). The median daily iodine intake estimated from FFQ was 281 µg/day (263 and 318 µg/day in women and men, respectively). Iodine intake estimated from 24-h UIC and FFQ were moderately correlated (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r = 0.39, p < 0.01). The consumption of milk and milk products, fish and fish products, and eggs were positively associated with estimated iodine intake from FFQ. In conclusion, this shows that iodine intake estimated from 24-h UIC describes a mildly iodine deficient female population, while the male population is iodine sufficient. Concurrent use of an extensive FFQ describes both sexes as iodine sufficient. Further studies, applying a dietary assessment method validated for estimating iodine intake and repeated individual urine collections, are required to determine the habitual iodine intake in this population.

Age analysis of the population mortality from diabetes mellitus in the Tula region

10.12737/5613 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Макишева ◽  
R. Makisheva ◽  
Хромушин ◽  
Viktor Khromushin ◽  
Хадарцев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Age Cohort

The article analyzes 182897 deaths of the adult population of the Tula region from the mortality register from 2007 to 2013 by age cohorts 15-19; 20-24; 25-34; 35-44; 45-54; 55-64; 65-74; &#62;=75, of which 4882 case of death from diabetes. The increasing incidence of diseases of the endocrine system, disorders of nutrition and metabolism is identified and is accordingly 63,7; 66,5; 68,4; 68,3; 69,4; 71,0 per 1000 population. The mortality rate in the Tula region in 2012 from diabetes was 59,86 per 100000 population. The analysis of mortality shows that the ratio of women to men for the period from 2007 to 2013 increases with increasing age in a power-law dependence from 0,6 to 4,49. In the age cohort 45-54 men and women, there is a decrease in the number of cases. The initial increase and the subsequent significant decline in the number of cases have a place for men in this cohort. For women, the mortality rate decreases with larger slope than for men. The dynamics of the mortality of men and women in the cohort 55-64 is characterized by an increase in the number of cases in 2007-2010 and the decrease in 2011-2013. In this cohort, the mortality rate among men increased (except 2013), and the mortality rate of the female population varies only slightly. Mortality of women, men, and for men and women in the cohort 65-74 years decreases, and in the cohort of 75 and over increased. Positive aspects of age analysis is the transfer of deaths from age groups 45-54, 55-64, 65-74 in a cohort of older ages 75 years or more. Negative aspects of age analysis is the increased mortality of the male population in the cohort 55-64 in 2007- 2012, men and women of this cohort in 2007 - 2010 years, as well as the high mortality of the female population from diabetes, compared with the male population of the Tula region.

scholarly journals Shifting trends: Detecting changes in cetacean population dynamics in shifting habitat

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251522
Author(s):  
Charlotte Boyd ◽  
André E. Punt
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Population Trend ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Population Size Estimates

The ability to monitor population dynamics and detect major changes in population trend is essential for wildlife conservation and management. However, this is often challenging for cetaceans as surveys typically cover only a portion of a population’s range and conventional stock assessment methods cannot then distinguish whether apparent changes in abundance reflect real changes in population size or shifts in distribution. We developed and tested methods for estimating population size and trend and detecting changes in population trend in the context of shifting habitat by integrating additional data into distance-sampling analysis. Previous research has shown that incorporating habitat information can improve population size estimates for highly mobile species with dynamic spatial distributions. Here, using simulated datasets representative of a large whale population, we demonstrate that incorporating individual mark-recapture data can increase the accuracy and precision of trend estimation and the power to distinguish whether apparent changes in abundance reflect changes in population trend or distribution shifts. We recommend that similar simulation studies are conducted for specific cetacean populations to assess the potential for detecting changes in population dynamics given available data. This approach is especially important wherever population change may be confounded with long-term change in distribution patterns associated with regime shifts or climate change.

Dynamics of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in different groups of the adult population in the Russian Federation in 2011–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
A.A. Kubanov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Bogdanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups

Objective. To describe the dynamics of the incidence of six sexually transmitted infections among different age and gender groups of the adult population in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The analysis of data from the federal statistical observation of the incidence of sexually transmitted infections in the Russian Federation in 2011–2019. Results. In the Russian Federation, in all age and gender groups of the adult population during the period 2011–2019, there was a decrease in the incidence of early forms of syphilis, trichomoniasis, gonococcal and chlamydia infections. There were changes in the age structure of the number of cases of sexually transmitted infections with an increase in the proportion of cases detected among people aged 40 or over. The increase in the incidence of late and other unspecified forms of syphilis was noted among the male population aged 30 years or over and the female population aged 40 years or over. In 2019, compared to 2011, the increase in the incidence of anogenital warts and anogenital herpes virus infection was recorded among the male population aged 40 or over. Key words: age and gender groups, incidence, sexually transmitted infections, the Russian Federation

scholarly journals Determining the Actual Prevalence of Hepatitis B in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan: A Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41
Author(s):  
Najeeb Ullah Khan ◽  
Ali Zalan ◽  
Arnolfo Petruzziello ◽  
Iftikhar ud din ◽  
Fazle Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Government Organizations

Background:Hepatitis B is considered the most dangerous among the five types of Hepatitis, as it is clinically asymptomatic. It can silently damage the liver over many years without being diagnosed. Hepatitis B is one of the top risks of liver complications in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), a province of Pakistan, with an average prevalence rate of 2.70%.Aims:We aimed to carefully review the previously published data on prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in KP-Pakistan and use the statistical approach to obtain more precise estimate of the prevalence of HBV in KP-Pakistan. This study on one hand will provide a more reliable and consolidated estimate (pooled estimate) of HBV in the stated region, on the other hand, it enabled us to judge the heterogeneity among the estimates found from these studies. The study is intended to provide more authentic prevalence record and help government/ non-government organizations and health professionals, which plan to initiate HBV prevention programs in KP-Pakistan.Methods:A meta-analysis was performed based on studies found in literature search from electronic databases and bibliography on the prevalence of HBV in KP-Pakistan from 2007 to 2017. Abstracts and results of twenty papers were thoroughly studied and the data were extracted. The findings from these studies were distributed in two groups (general and population at high risk) constituting 15 and 5 studies respectively.Results:The combined prevalence by considering random model for the general population of KP-Pakistan was observed to be 2.71%, while population at high risk was reasonably highi.e. 5.64%. By comparing this prevalence rate to the highest global prevalence of HBV in the adult population of Western Pacific Region (6.2%), significant (p-value= 0.000) heterogeneity was observed among the estimates in each group. However, the funnel plot provides a symmetric look, eliminating the effect of publication bias. We can say that HBV has an alarming prevalence rate in KP-Pakistan. However, HBV is thrice more prevalent in male population of KP-Pakistan than the female population.Conclusion:The above results lead that HBV infection has reached an alarming state in KP-Pakistan, though projects like Prime Minister’s Program for Prevention & Control of Hepatitis which are contributing in improving the health of the people of KP by trying to prevent and control the incidence of HBV. More massive vaccination and awareness programs should be initiated to prevent the spread of HBV on urgent basis. Provision of diagnostics and treatment facilities against HBV in healthcare units of KP-Pakistan should be assured.

Live-trapping of the northern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus krefftii): population-size estimates and effects on individuals

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Hoyle ◽  
AB Horsup ◽  
CN Johnson ◽  
DG Crossman ◽  
H McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Confidence Limit ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Population Size Estimate ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Estimate Population Size ◽  
Second Period ◽  
Size Estimates

The northern hairy-nosed wombat, one of the most endangered large mammals known, occurs only in Epping Forest National Park, central Queensland. The results of a 3-stage trapping programme, carried out between 1985 and 1993, were used to estimate population size by means of three separate modelling approaches: minimum number alive (MNA), mark-recapture, and trapping effort. Trapping procedure varied among sessions, and each estimator was applied to sessions only where its use was appropriate. The population-size estimate for 1985-86 was 67 (trap effort) with MNA of 58; for 1988-89 it was 62 (Jolly-Seber mark-recapture estimate), with MNA of 48 and upper 95% confidence limit of 77; and for 1993 it was 65 (Chao mark-recapture and trap effort), with MNA of 43 and upper 95% confidence limit of 186 (Chao mark-recapture). No population trends were observed, although variability in estimates and wide confidence intervals meant that power to do so was limited. Trapping affected the health and behaviour of wombats. Animals that were trapped twice within 10 nights lost an average of 0.62 kg (P = 0.006) between captures. Wombats that were trapped twice within the first four nights of traps being set on a burrow showed less weight loss than those trapped for the second time after 5-7 nights (0.23 kg v. 1.54 kg). The effects of trapping appeared to remain with animals for some time, since animals trapped twice more than 30 nights apart and within six months weighed an average of 0.5 kg less (P = 0.013) on second capture. When areas were trapped twice in succession with a 3-week gap, population-size estimates were lower for the second period of trapping. Thus, some wombats may have temporarily left areas disturbed by trapping. The deleterious impact of trapping may be reduced by restricting trapping to periods of four nights. Trapping effectiveness may be increased by minimising disturbance immediately before trapping and by moving traps between periods of trapping.

scholarly journals Excess Mortality of Males Due to Malignant Lung Cancer in OECD Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Waclaw Moryson ◽  
Barbara Stawinska-Witoszynska
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Male Mortality ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Rate Of Decline

Excess mortality of men has been observed since the beginning of the 20th century. One of the main causes of this phenomenon is malignant cancers, with lung cancer as the main reason. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, a decline in male excess mortality was observed in most developed countries. This study aimed to analyze the changes in the level of excess mortality of men caused by lung cancer between 2002 and 2017 in the countries associated with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In order to compare changes in male mortality rates across countries, the annual average percent change (AAPC) in male excess mortality rate for a given country was calculated. A decrease in excess male mortality due to lung cancer between 2002 and 2017 was recorded in 33 of the 35 countries analyzed. The highest rate of decline was observed in Spain (4.9% per year), Belgium (4.7% per year), Slovakia (4.4% per year) and other European OECD member countries. In most OECD countries, the decrease in excess male mortality was the result of a decrease in mortality in the male population as well as the increase in female mortality. In 10 member countries of the OECD, there was a simultaneous increase in the mortality of men and women, though the increase was higher in the female population. Only in two countries was the decrease in excess mortality of males due to a greater decline in the mortality of men. The decline in male mortality from lung cancer primarily associated with a reduction in tobacco consumption in this population initiated in the 1980s or 1990s (depending on the country) was not observed in the female population.

scholarly journals Population size estimates of pink river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) using mark-recapture methods on photo-identification

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Gómez-Salazar ◽  
Hal Whitehead ◽  
Fernando Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Photo Identification ◽  
Population Size Estimate ◽  
Population Size Estimates ◽  
Inia Geoffrensis ◽  
Colombian Amazon ◽  
Size Estimates

Population size estimates of pink river dolphins (Inia geoffrensis) are critical to assess the conservation status of this species and the impacts of increasing human stressors in freshwater ecosystems. Photo-identifications of Inia dolphins were collected between February 2007 and August 2009 in two locations of the Colombian Amazon and Orinoco river basins. Population sizes of Inia were obtained by using the closed (Petersen) mark-recapture model on photo-identifications. The total population size estimate for right/left side individuals was 129/71 Inia dolphins (CV=0.36/0.35) in the Amazon location and 125/58 Inia dolphins (CV=0.77/0.69) in the Orinoco location. The survey and analysis protocols were designed to try to meet mark-recapture assumptions. However, photo-identification was incomplete in both study areas, and there could be recruitment and unequal probabilities of capture due to preferences of individuals for certain areas. Further effort should be focused towards expanding the photo-identification catalogues and creating long-term monitoring programs.

scholarly journals Sex-specific population dynamics and demography of capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus L.) in a patchy environment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben C. Augustine ◽  
Marc Kéry ◽  
Juanita Olano Marin ◽  
Pierre Mollet ◽  
Gilberto Pasinelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Tetrao Urogallus ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Scr Model

AbstractModeling the population dynamics of patchily distributed species is a challenge, particularly when inference must be based on incomplete and small data sets such as those from most species of conservation concern. Open population spatial capture-recapture (SCR) models are ideally suited to quantify population trends, but have seen only limited use since their introduction.To investigate population trend and sex-specific population dynamics, we applied an open SCR model to a capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) population in Switzerland living in eight distinct forest patches totalling 22 km2 within a region of 908 km2. The population was surveyed using genetic sampling of scat in 2009, 2012 and 2015. We fit an open SCR model with sex-specific detection and population dynamics parameters while accounting for the patchy distribution of habitat and the uncertainty introduced by observing the population in three years only.Between 2009 and 2015, a total of 143 males, 112 females and 4 individuals of uncertain sex were detected. The annual per capita recruitment rate was estimated at 0.115 (SE 0.0144) for males and 0.127 (0.0168) for females. The estimated annual survival probability for males was 0.758 (0.0241) and 0.707 (0.0356) for females. The population trajectory implied by these survival and recruitment estimates was a decline of 2% per year; however, the sex specificity of the model revealed a decline in the male population only, with no evidence of decline in the female population. Further, the population decline observed in males was explained by the demography of just two of the eight patches.Using a customized open population SCR model, we determined that the endangered capercaillie in our Swiss study area had a stable female population and a declining male population, with the male decline due to population dynamics in a subset of the study area. Our study highlights the flexibility of open population SCR models for assessing population trajectories through time and across space and emphasizes the desirability of estimating sex-stratified population trends especially in species of conservation concern.

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