Seasonal patterns of body temperature and activity in free-ranging beaver (Castor canadensis)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1668-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin P. Dyck ◽  
Robert A. MacArthur
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Daily Rhythm ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Immersion Hypothermia

Daily activity and body temperature patterns of beavers (Castor canadensis) were monitored in the field with an automated radiotelemetry system from June 1988 through March 1989. Body temperatures of kits and adults averaged close to 37 °C throughout the year, with no evidence of seasonal hypothermia. The greatest temperature changes accompanied episodes of aquatic activity. Body temperature typically dropped 1.0–1.5 °C during periods when beavers were absent from the lodge, then recovered when animals returned to the house. Throughout the open-water season (20 June – 1 November), both age groups demonstrated a daily rhythm in body temperature characterized by a gradual rise between 06:00 and 18:00 followed by a general decline during the nocturnal active period. During the ice-bound season (2 November – 15 March), there was little evidence of a distinct daily rhythm in activity or body temperature, especially in adults. Both age groups exhibited a 0.22–0.64 °C increase in mean body temperature during the 3-h period preceding the first trip in each sequence of excursions away from the lodge. We propose that this predeparture rise in temperature may contribute to the avoidance of immersion hypothermia in foraging beavers.

scholarly journals Suhu Tubuh Bayi Prematur di Inkubator Dinding Tunggal dengan Inkubator Dinding Tunggal Disertai Sungkup

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-122
Author(s):  
Padila Padila ◽  
Ida Agustien
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to compare the average change in body temperature in a single wall incubator with a single wall incubator with hood in preterm infants with hypothermia. The design of this study uses a comparative descriptive method. The results of the study in the group of preterm infants with hypothermia in a single wall incubator with a lid significantly increased mean body temperature changes with a mean value of 36.09 variance 0.152 while for preterm infants with hypothermia in a single wall incubator a mean value of 35.35 variance values 0.859 and obtained t count from the two study groups namely 2.551 and 1.717 t table. In conclusion, a single wall incubator with a lid increases body temperature in premature infants with hypothermia compared to a single wall incubator.   Keywords: Hypothermia, Incubator, Premature

Comment — Missed opportunities in the study of activity and body temperature of beaver (Castor canadensis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

Two papers published recently in this journal have examined the relationship between patterns of activity and patterns of body temperature in free-ranging beavers in winter (D.W. Smith, R.O. Peterson, T.D. Drummer, and D.S. Sheputis, 1991. Can. J. Zool. 69: 2178–2182; and A. P. Dyck and R.A. MacArthur, 1992. Can. J. Zool. 70: 1668–1672). I argue that both papers missed their objective, owing to the use of procedures that were inadequate to detect and (or) characterize behavioral or physiological rhythms that were free-running with periods ≠ 24 h.

Radiotelemetry of body temperatures of free-ranging snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) during summer

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1659-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Brown ◽  
Ronald J. Brooks ◽  
James A. Layfield
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Chelydra Serpentina ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Snapping Turtles ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Foraging Tactics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Free Ranging

We wished to determine whether free-ranging snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) would use aquatic and atmospheric basking to maintain body temperature at the mean temperature (28–30 °C) selected by snapping turtles placed in a controlled aquatic thermal gradient. Body temperatures from eight adult snapping turtles in three different lakes in Algonquin Provincial Park were monitored by radiotelemetry during July and August 1987. Mean body temperature of all eight turtles over the study period was 22.7 °C, and mean temperature of every individual was well below the reported mean selected temperature for this species. The turtles did not maintain body temperatures near the available maximum environmental temperature. The mean body temperatures of the turtles were not significantly different among the three study lakes although these lakes had different physical characteristics. Similarly, there were no significant differences, among individual turtles, between air temperatures or operative environmental temperatures recorded concurrently with their body temperatures Nevertheless, mean body temperatures differed significantly among individuals; foraging tactics, metabolic rates, and home range structure may account for these differences.

Core body temperature changes after sauna exposition in healthy subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Pawlak ◽  
Paweł Zalewski ◽  
Jacek J. Klawe ◽  
Monika Zawadka ◽  
Anna Bitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Core Body

scholarly journals The influence of weather conditions on body temperature, milk composition and yields of the free-ranging dromedary camels in Southeastern rangelands of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1930932
Author(s):  
Matiwos Habte ◽  
Mitiku Eshetu ◽  
Melesse Maryo ◽  
Dereje Andualem ◽  
Abiyot Legesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Free Ranging

Ambient temperature effects on physiological traits of white-tailed deer

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Holter ◽  
W. E. Urban Jr. ◽  
H. H. Hayes ◽  
H. Silver ◽  
H. R. Skutt
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Wind Chill ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
Body Energy

Six adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis) were exposed to 165 periods of 12 consecutive hours of controlled constant ambient temperature in an indirect respiration calorimeter. Temperatures among periods varied from 38 to 0 (summer) or to −20C (fall, winter, spring). Traits measured were energy expenditure (metabolic rate), proportion of time spent standing, heart rate, and body temperature, the latter two using telemetry. The deer used body posture extensively as a means of maintaining body energy equilibrium. Energy expenditure was increased at low ambient temperature to combat cold and to maintain relatively constant body temperature. Changes in heart rate paralleled changes in energy expenditure. In a limited number of comparisons, slight wind chill was combatted through behavioral means with no effect on energy expenditure. The reaction of deer to varying ambient temperatures was not the same in all seasons of the year.

What's hot and what's not: defining torpor in free-ranging birds and mammals

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1885-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert MR Barclay ◽  
Cori L Lausen ◽  
Lydia Hollis
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Loggers ◽  
Temperature Thresholds ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Lowered Body

With the development of small implantable data loggers and externally attached temperature-sensitive radio transmitters, increasing attention is being paid to determining the thermoregulatory strategies of free-ranging birds and mammals. One of the constraints of such studies is that without a direct measure of metabolic rate, it is difficult to determine the significance of lowered body temperatures. We surveyed the literature and found that many different definitions have been used to discriminate torpor from normothermy. Many studies use arbitrary temperature thresholds without regard for the normothermic body temperature of the individuals or species involved. This variation makes comparison among studies difficult and means that ecologically and energetically significant small reductions in body temperature may be overlooked. We suggest that normothermic body temperature for each individual animal should be determined and that torpor be defined as occurring when the body temperature drops below that level. When individuals' active temperatures are not available, a species-specific value should be used. Of greater value, however, are the depth and duration of torpor bouts. We suggest several advantages of this definition over those used in the past.

On the Regulation of the Respiration in Reptiles

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
BODIL NIELSEN
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Temperature Interval ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Respiratory Frequency ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Instantaneous Increase

1. In two species of Lacerta (L. viridis and L. sicula) the effects on respiration of body temperature (changes in metabolic rate) and of CO2 added to the inspired air were studied. 2. Pulmonary ventilation increases when body temperature increases. The increase is brought about by an increase in respiratory frequency. No relationship is found between respiratory depth and temperature. 3. The rise in ventilation is provoked by the needs of metabolism and is not established for temperature regulating purposes (in the temperature interval 10°-35°C). 4. The ventilation per litre O2 consumed has a high numerical value (about 75, compared to about 20 in man). It varies with the body temperature and demonstrates that the inspired air is better utilized at the higher temperatures. 5. Pulmonary ventilation increases with increasing CO2 percentages in the inspired air between o and 3%. At further increases in the CO2 percentage (3-13.5%) it decreases again. 6. At each CO2 percentage the pulmonary ventilation reaches a steady state after some time (10-60 min.) and is then unchanged over prolonged periods (1 hr.). 7. The respiratory frequency in the steady state decreases with increasing CO2 percentages. The respiratory depth in the steady state increases with increasing CO2 percentages. This effect of CO2 breathing is not influenced by a change in body temperature from 20° to 30°C. 8. Respiration is periodically inhibited by CO2 percentages above 4%. This inhibition, causing a Cheyne-Stokes-like respiration, ceases after a certain time, proportional to the CO2 percentage (1 hr. at 8-13% CO2), and respiration becomes regular (steady state). Shift to room air breathing causes an instantaneous increase in frequency to well above the normal value followed by a gradual decrease to normal values. 9. The nature of the CO2 effect on respiratory frequency and respiratory depth is discussed, considering both chemoreceptor and humoral mechanisms.

TEMPERATURE REGULATION IN EXERCISE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-702
Author(s):  
Sid Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Warm Blood ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Large Increments

The central body temperature of a man rises gradually during the first half hour of a period of work to a higher level and this level is precisely maintained until the work is stopped; body temperature then slowly declines to the usual resting level. During prolonged work the temperature regulatory center in the hypothalamus appears to be reset at a level which is proportional to the intensity of the work and this setting is independent of environmental temperature changes ranging from cold to moderately warm. In hot environments the resistance to heat loss may be so great that all of the increased metabolic heat of work cannot be dissipated and the man's central temperature will rise above the thermostatic setting. If this condition of imbalance is continued long enough heat stroke will ensue. We have found that in a 3 mile race lasting only 14 minutes on a hot summer day a runner's rectal temperature may rise to 41.1°C., with heat stroke imminent. The physiological regulation of body temperature of men in warm environments and during the increased metabolic heat production of work is dependent on sweating to provide evaporative cooling of the skin, and on adjustments of cutaneous blood flow which determine the conductance of heat from the deeper tissues to the skin. The mechanisms of regulating these responses during work are complex and not entirely understood. Recent experiments carried out in this laboratory indicate that during work, sweating may be regulated by reflexes originating from thermal receptors in the veins draining warm blood from the muscles, summated with reflexes from the cutaneous thermal receptors, both acting through the hypothalamic center, the activity of which is increased in proportion to its own temperature. At the beginning of work the demand for blood flow to the muscles results in reflex vasoconstriction in the skin. As the body temperature rises the thermal demand predominates and the cutaneous vessels dilate, increasing heat conductance to the skin. Large increments in cardiac output and compensatory vasoconstriction in the abdominal viscera make these vascular adjustments in work possible without circulatory embarrassment.

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