Prevalence of lead exposure among age and sex cohorts of Canada geese

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 901-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen DeStefano ◽  
Christopher J. Brand ◽  
Donald H. Rusch
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Lead Shot ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Wintering Grounds ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Breeding Grounds ◽  
Age And Sex

We examined the prevalence of lead exposure from ingestion of waste lead shot among age and sex cohorts of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) on the breeding, migration, and wintering grounds of the Eastern Prairie Population. Blood samples from 6963 geese were assayed for lead concentration by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. On the breeding grounds, no goslings and <1% of adults showed evidence of recent exposure to lead shot (i.e., concentrations in the blood elevated above the threshold value of 0.18 ppm lead). However, median background blood lead concentrations (i.e., blood samples with < 0.18 ppm lead) were higher in adults than goslings, indicating that exposure of adults to lead had occurred during previous seasons. Waste lead shot was available on the migration and wintering grounds, where a larger proportion of the blood samples from immatures (< 1 year old) than adults (> 1 year old) had lead concentrations ≥ 0.18 ppm. Median background lead levels remained higher in adults than in immatures throughout fall and winter. We also found that more immature males than immature females had elevated lead concentrations. Higher rates of intake of food and grit (including shot) probably partially account for the higher prevalence of elevated lead concentrations in immature Canada geese.

scholarly journals Predictive value of determinations of zinc protoporphyrin for increased blood lead concentrations

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1283-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Froom ◽  
Estella Kristal-Boneh ◽  
Jochanan Benbassat ◽  
Ruth Ashkanazi ◽  
Joseph Ribak
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Exposed Workers

Abstract Blood lead (PbB) and red cell zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) concentrations are widely used biomarkers for lead toxicity. It is uncertain, however, whether either or both are needed for monitoring lead exposure and how discordant PbB and ZPP values should be interpreted. We reviewed the results of PbB and ZPP determinations in 94 workers in a lead-battery plant over a 13-year period and retrieved all 807 sets of tests in which both PbB and ZPP were available, with a follow-up PbB value 6 months later. PbB exceeded 1.93 μmol/L (40 μg/dL) in 414 (51%), and 2.90 μmol/L (60 μg/dL) in 105 (14%) of the blood samples. We derived the test properties of various ZPP concentrations for concurrent “toxic” PbB concentrations, defined as ≥1.93 and 2.90 μmol/L (40 and 60 μg/dL). The results indicated that, given a population of lead-exposed workers with a 10% prevalence of PbB of ≥2.90 μmol/L (60 μg/dL), a policy of testing PbB only in those with ZPP &gt;0.71 μmol/L (40 μg/dL) would obviate 42% of the PbB tests, but would miss about three cases with toxic PbB concentrations in every 200 workers at risk. A finding of increased ZPP concentrations with a concurrent “nontoxic” PbB was associated with an increased risk of a toxic PbB concentration 6 months later. We conclude that (a) screening by testing only ZPP does not safeguard exposed persons against lead toxicity, and (b) the frequency of PbB monitoring should be guided by estimates of the risk of future lead toxicity in individual workers.

scholarly journals Blood-lead Declines in Wintering American Black Ducks in New Jersey Following the Lead Shot Ban

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lewis ◽  
Theodore C. Nichols ◽  
Christina Lilley ◽  
Douglas E. Roscoe ◽  
Jan Lovy
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lead Shot ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Waterfowl Hunting ◽  
Atlantic Flyway ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
American Black

Waterfowl managers first recognized the problem of lead poisoning in ducks from the ingestion of spent lead shot (pellets) over 100 years ago. The phase-out of lead shot for waterfowl hunting began in the Atlantic Flyway in the 1970s. Lead shot was subsequently banned throughout the United States and Canada prior to 2000. We compared blood-lead levels in American black ducks Anas rubripes wintering in coastal New Jersey in 1978, prior to the lead ban, and in 2017, about 39 years after lead shot was first banned for use in Atlantic coastal marshes and 27 years after it was banned for waterfowl hunting in New Jersey. The prevalence of blood-lead &gt; 0.2 ppm, a level commonly used to indicate lead exposure, declined nearly four-fold from 1978 (79%) to 2017 (20%). We found no significant differences in the prevalence of birds with blood-lead levels &gt; 0.2 ppm between sexes in either year or between age classes in 2017. The prevalence of ducks with blood-lead levels &gt; 1.0 ppm, considered clinically evident toxicity, declined from 19% in 1978 to 1% in 2017. Our study provides further evidence that the ban on the use of lead shot over 20 years ago throughout North America has resulted in lower blood-lead levels in waterfowl. Notwithstanding, we still found evidence of lead exposure in black ducks in 2017, which warrants further investigation.

Lead exposure in papier mâché workers

1997 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 281-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wahid ◽  
PA Koul ◽  
SU Shah ◽  
AR Khan ◽  
MS Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Urinary Lead ◽  
Urinary Coproporphyrin ◽  
Age And Sex

Lead exposure was assessed in a random cohort of 70 male papier mâché workers and compared with 35 age and sex matched controls. Blood lead levels in workers were significantly higher than in controls (Mean 68.07 ± 44.64 ug/dl vs 25.52 ± 16.56 ug/dl respectively; P < 0.001). Urinary lead was also higher in workers (128.53 ± 52.61 ug/l) compared to controls (91.18 ± 27.06, P < 0.001), but excretion of urinary coproporphyrin in the two groups was not significantly different (102.78 ± 153.42 vs 70.03 ± 27.06 ug/l, P > 0.05). Blood levels bore a significant correlation with age but did not bear any correlation with the duration of exposure. Various modes of exposure to lead included hand mixing of paints, skin application of the paint to match shades and making point of the brush using lips and the tongue.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kadar Timbal Dalam Darah Dengan Tekanan Darah Pada Tenaga Kerja Di Karoseri Semarang

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Mutasir Mutasir ◽  
Onny Setiani ◽  
Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Ppm Level

Background: Lead is a toxic metal that can be contained in paint as a source of lead exposure in the air so significantly associated with blood lead levels (BLL). Statistically there is a significant association between BLL and blood pressure (BP). Preliminary study found that 10 workers of Carroseri Semarang found that 8 people (80%) had BLL above the threshold value, 7 people (70%) had a systolic blood pressure (SBP) above the limit normal and 8 people (80%) had diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at the upper limit of normal.Objective: This study aimed to determine the association between BLL and BP workers of Carroseri Semarang.Methods: It was an observational study with cross sectional approach. The population of this research was workers of Carroseri Semarang with a sample size of 34 people. Data collected by examining the levels of lead in paint, inspection level of lead in the air, checking blood lead levels and blood pressure checks.Results: This study showed the average level of lead in the paint measured was 59.39 ppm, level of lead in the air 0.002 ppm, BLL 28.97 mg/dL, SBP 122.76 mmHg and DBP 79.06 mmHg.Conclusion: All types of paint used in Carroseri Semarang contain lead under TLVs 600 ppm, the ambient workspace containing air lead levels below TLVs 0.05 ppm, the entire workforce part painting has undergone blood lead exposure >5μg/dL, there is no association between BLL and SBP (p=0.465) and there a association between BLL and DBP (p =0.030).

scholarly journals Effect of bone fracture(s) on blood lead levels from retained lead pellets in craniomaxillofacial region

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383
Author(s):  
BE Edetanlen ◽  
BD Saheeb
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fracture ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
The Mean

Background: Missile-related blood lead elevations and toxicity are well documented in the literature but reports on its associated risk factor(s) are few. Objective: To determine if bone fracture(s) contribute to an elevated lead blood level. Method: This is a prospective study of subjects with retained pellets in the craniomaxillofacial region following gunshot injuries who met the inclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected from the test subjects and their corresponding control subjects via venipuncture. Collected blood samples were used for blood lead measurement by the wet method of the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Using appropriate statistical tests, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total number of 48 subjects were studied. The mean blood lead levels (BLLs) of the study population were 6.88 ± 1.17 µg/dl while that of the control group was 1.52 ± 0.87 µg/dl and the mean difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.03). The mean and standard deviation of BLL of subjects with fractures were 4.77 ± 0.9, 5.08 ± 1.0, and 5.22 ± 1.0 µg/dl at days 3, 21, and 42 postinjury, respectively, while for those without bone fractures were 3.07 ± 1.4, 3.70 ± 0.8, and 4.33 ± 1.7 µg/dl. The difference was statistically significant ( p = 0.04). Conclusion: Subjects with bone fractures were found to have higher BLLs than those without bone fractures, where pellets were retained in their bodies.

Blood lead levels in patients with lead shot retained in the appendix

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. T. Madsen ◽  
T. Skjødt ◽  
P. J. Jørgensen ◽  
P. Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Lead Shot ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Lead Levels

scholarly journals Blood lead level and risk of hypertension in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Fung Tsoi ◽  
Chris Wai Hang Lo ◽  
Tommy Tsang Cheung ◽  
Bernard Man Yung Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Lead Levels

AbstractLead is a heavy metal without a biological role. High level of lead exposure is known to be associated with hypertension, but the risk at low levels of exposure is uncertain. In this study, data from US NHANES 1999–2016 were analyzed. Adults with blood lead and blood pressure measurements, or self-reported hypertension diagnosis, were included. If not already diagnosed, hypertension was defined according to the AHA/ACC 2017 hypertension guideline. Results were analyzed using R statistics version 3.5.1 with sample weight adjustment. Logistic regression was used to study the association between blood lead level and hypertension. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Altogether, 39,477 participants were included. Every doubling in blood lead level was associated with hypertension (OR [95%CI] 1.45 [1.40–1.50]), which remained significant after adjusting for demographics. Using quartile 1 as reference, higher blood lead levels were associated with increased adjusted odds of hypertension (Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1: 1.22 [1.09–1.36]; Quartile 3 vs. Quartile 1: 1.15 [1.04–1.28]; Quartile 2 vs. Quartile 1: 1.14 [1.05–1.25]). In conclusion, blood lead level is associated with hypertension in the general population with blood lead levels below 5 µg/dL. Our findings suggest that reducing present levels of environmental lead exposure may bring cardiovascular benefits by reducing blood pressure.

Low-Level Lead Exposure and Blood Lead Levels in Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysha Habib Khan ◽  
Amanullah Khan ◽  
Farooq Ghani ◽  
Muhammad Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Lead Levels
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