Glycogen depletion in juvenile rainbow trout as an experimental test of the oxygen debt hypothesis

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2562-2568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Scarabello ◽  
C. M. Wood ◽  
G. J. F. Heigenhauser
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Oxygen Debt ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Starvation Period ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Post Exercise

Glycogen depletion was used as an experimental tool to examine the relationship between excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and lactate metabolism in 6-g rainbow trout. A 5-day starvation period reduced whole-body glycogen stores by 50% and slightly lowered resting lactate levels; resting oxygen consumption, glucose, ATP, and creatine phosphate levels were not affected. After a 5-min bout of exhaustive exercise, significantly less glycogen was utilized by the glycogen-depleted fish, 40% less lactate was accumulated, and glucose levels did not rise in comparison with the control group. Creatine phosphate recovered more quickly in the glycogen-depleted fish, whereas ATP was unaffected. Recovery from excess post-exercise oxygen consumption was not significantly different despite the large absolute differences in lactate removed and glycogen resynthesized. This experimental test demonstrates that the classical oxygen debt hypothesis does not completely explain the excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in the trout.

scholarly journals Gas exchange, metabolite status and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption after repetitive bouts of exhaustive exercise in juvenile rainbow trout

1992 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Scarabello ◽  
G. J. Heigenhauser ◽  
C. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Lactate Clearance ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Debt ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Lactate Levels

Juvenile rainbow trout (approximately 6 g) were exercised to exhaustion in two 5 min bouts given 6 h apart. Resting levels of whole-body lactate and glycogen were restored prior to the second bout. The rate of O2 consumption increased about threefold 5 min after each bout of exercise, while recovery time decreased from 4 h after the first bout to 2–3 h after the second. The excess post-exercise oxygen consumption, i.e. ‘oxygen debt’, was significantly reduced by 40% after the second exercise bout, despite almost identical rates of lactate clearance and glycogen resynthesis. The rates of CO2 and ammonia excretion increased sixfold and threefold, and recovery times decreased from 4–6 h to 3 h and from 3 h to 1.5 h, respectively. After the first bout, whole-body lactate levels peaked at 5 min post-exercise at about 8.5 times pre-exercise levels. After the second bout, lactate levels peaked at 0 min post-exercise and fell more rapidly during recovery. Whole-body glycogen levels decreased by 70% and 80% and ATP levels decreased by 75% and 65% after the first and second bouts, respectively, while glucose levels increased about 1.5-fold immediately after both bouts. Creatine phosphate levels decreased by 70% and 80% after the first and second bouts, respectively. After 6 h of recovery, creatine phosphate levels were higher after the second bout than after the first. These findings suggest that exhaustive exercise may cause a ‘non-specific’ increase in metabolic rate not directly related to the processing of metabolites, which is reduced upon a subsequent exercise bout. This is in contrast with the classical ‘oxygen debt hypothesis’, which states that the oxygen debt and lactate clearance are linked. Furthermore, it appears that two sequential exercise bouts are sufficient to induce a ‘training effect’, i.e. improved rates of metabolic recovery.

scholarly journals Effects of Nutrient Intake Timing on Post-Exercise Glycogen Accumulation and its Related Signaling Pathways in Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahashi ◽  
Matsunaga ◽  
Banjo ◽  
Takahashi ◽  
Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Accumulation ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the effects of nutrient intake timing on glycogen accumulation and its related signals in skeletal muscle after an exercise that did not induce large glycogen depletion. Male ICR mice ran on a treadmill at 25 m/min for 60 min under a fed condition. Mice were orally administered a solution containing 1.2 mg/g carbohydrate and 0.4 mg/g protein or water either immediately (early nutrient, EN) or 180 min (late nutrient, LN) after the exercise. Tissues were harvested at 30 min after the oral administration. No significant difference in blood glucose or plasma insulin concentrations was found between the EN and LN groups. The plantaris muscle glycogen concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the EN group—but not in the LN group—compared to the respective time-matched control group. Akt Ser473 phosphorylation was significantly higher in the EN group than in the time-matched control group (p < 0.01), while LN had no effect. Positive main effects of time were found for the phosphorylations in Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) Thr642 (p < 0.05), 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) Thr172 (p < 0.01), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase Ser79 (p < 0.01); however, no effect of nutrient intake was found for these. We showed that delayed nutrient intake could not increase muscle glycogen after endurance exercise which did not induce large glycogen depletion. The results also suggest that post-exercise muscle glycogen accumulation after nutrient intake might be partly influenced by Akt activation. Meanwhile, increased AS160 and AMPK activation by post-exercise fasting might not lead to glycogen accumulation.

Substrate utilization during graded aerobic exercise in rainbow trout

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (14) ◽  
pp. 2067-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff G. Richards ◽  
Ashley J. Mercado ◽  
Cheryl A. Clayton ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Chris M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Malonyl Coa ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Long Chain

SUMMARY A biochemical approach was employed to examine the oxidative utilization of carbohydrate and lipid in red muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during sustained swimming at 30 and 60% of their critical swimming speed (Ucrit; for 2, 15 and 240 min) and during non-sustainable swimming at 90% Ucrit (for 2, 15 and 45 min). Measurements included pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, creatine phosphate, ATP, glycogen, glycolytic intermediates, acetyl-CoA, acetyl-,total-, free-, short-chain fatty acyl- and long-chain fatty acyl- carnitine,intramuscular triacylglycerol and malonyl-CoA concentrations, and whole body oxygen consumption(ṀO2). During the first 2 min at 30 and 60% Ucrit, oxidation of endogenous glycogen by PDH activation increased 4- and 8-fold, respectively, yielding 1.5- to 2.5-fold increases in acetyl-CoA and 2- to 6-fold increases in acetyl-carnitine concentrations. Within 15 min, PDH activity returned to control values (153.9±30.1 nmol g-1 wet tissue min-1); after 240 min there were small 1.7- to 2.6-fold increases in long-chain fatty acyl-carnitine and approx. 50% decreases in malonyl-CoA concentrations, indicating an overall enhancement of lipid oxidation. Sustainable swimming at 30 and 60% Ucrit was further characterized by 1.5- and 2.2-fold increases in ṀO2,respectively. Non-sustainable swimming at 90% Ucrit was characterized by a sustained tenfold (approx.) elevation of red muscle PDH activity (approx. 1600 nmol g-1 wet tissue min-1). Significant 67% decreases in white muscle creatine phosphate and 73% decreases in glycogen levels, without matching increases in lactate levels, point to significant recruitment of white muscle during high-speed swimming for power production, and the potential export of white muscle lactate to red muscle for oxidation. Overall, sustainable exercise at 30 and 60%Ucrit is supported by approximately equal contributions of carbohydrate (approx. 45%) and lipid (approx. 35%) oxidation, whereas non-sustainable swimming is supported primarily by carbohydrate oxidation with only moderate contributions from lipid oxidation.

scholarly journals Effects of short-term fasting on spontaneous activity and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption in four juvenile fish species with different foraging strategies

Biology Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. bio051755
Author(s):  
Xiuming Li ◽  
Yaoguang Zhang ◽  
Shijian Fu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Black Carp

ABSTRACTTo investigate the effects of short-term fasting on spontaneous activity and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) in sit-and-wait carnivorous southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis), active carnivorous black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), active herbivorous grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and active filter-feeding silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), each species was divided into a control group and a fasting group (deprived of food for 14 days). Both groups were maintained at 25°C and, at the end of the experimental period, the total movement distance (TMD), percent time spent moving (PTM), ventilation frequency (Vf), pre-exercise oxygen consumption (M(•)O2) and EPOC response of the experimental fish were measured. The TMD and PTM obtained for the control group of southern catfish were lower than those found for the control groups of the three active species. Short-term fasting resulted in decreases in the TMD and PTM of the southern catfish and black carp and increases in the TMD of grass carp and silver carp. The Vf of southern catfish was significantly higher than those of grass carp and silver carp, whereas the latter was also significantly higher than that of black carp. Short-term fasting resulted in significant increases in the Vf and decreases in the pre-exercise M(•)O2 of southern catfish and silver carp. Southern catfish and black carp exhibited lower peak post-exercise M(•)O2 and recovery rates, and relatively higher EPOC magnitudes than grass carp and silver carp. Short-term fasting exerted no significant effects on the peak post-exercise M(•)O2, but resulted in relatively higher EPOC magnitudes in the four fish species. These results suggest that (1) different fish species exhibit significantly different levels of spontaneous activity and post-exercise M(•)O2 profiles with different characteristics and that (2) short-term fasting exerts different effects on the level of spontaneous activity in four fish species with different foraging strategies.

Effects of Auricular Acupuncture on Heart Rate, Oxygen Consumption and Blood Lactic Acid for Elite Basketball Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (06) ◽  
pp. 1131-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zen-Pin Lin ◽  
Yi-Hung Chen ◽  
Chia Fan ◽  
Huey-June Wu ◽  
Lawrence W. Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Auricular Acupuncture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Elite University ◽  
One Way Anova

This study investigated the effects of auricular acupuncture on athletes' recovery abilities after exercise. Subjects were selected from twenty-four male elite university basketball players, randomly divided into two groups: auricular acupuncture group (AAG), and normal control group (NCG), each group containing twelve subjects. Auricular acupuncture was experimented to each AAG athlete while no auricular acupuncture was conducted to each NCG athlete. Each subject in both groups performed a ride on the stationary bike until exhausted. The data of heart rate (HRmax), oxygen consumption (VO2 max), and blood lactic acid were measured at four points of time: during the rest period after warm-ups and at the 5th, 30th and 60th minutes post-exercise, respectively. One-way ANOVA and repeated Scheffé methods were used to test the differences of the data between these two groups. The results showed that both HRmax and blood lactic acid in AAG were significantly lower than those in NCG at the 30th and 60th minutes post-exercise. This suggests that auricular acupuncture can enhance athletes' recovery abilities after aggressive exercise.

scholarly journals Rapid component of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption of children of different weight status after playing active video games

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio Victor Sousa ◽  
Jungyun Hwang ◽  
Herbert Gustavo Simoes ◽  
Kyung Jin Sun ◽  
Amy Shirong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Active Video Games ◽  
Active Video ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Abstract Background Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of children could indicate the potential of an exercise therapy to treat or prevent obesity. However, EPOC as a result of playing active video games (AVG) has been poorly investigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the rapid component of EPOC of children with healthy weight and overweight/obesity (according to their BMI percentile) after playing AVGs that feature predominately upper body (UB) and whole-body (WB) movement. Methods Twenty-one children with healthy weight (BMI percentile < 85%) and with overweight/obesity (BMI percentile ≥ 85%) randomly underwent two 10-min AVG sessions (UB and WB). The heart rate (HR), minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) were recorded during exercise and post-exercise recovery period. For the rapid component of EPOC in each AVG session, measurements were recorded every 15 s for 5-min of post-exercise recovery. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was also measured immediately before and after each AVG play. Results Children with overweight/obesity had a higher average of absolute VE, VO2, and VCO2 than their healthy-weight counterparts (BMI percentile < 85%; n = 21) during post-exercise recovery. RPE, HR, and HR% were not different between the game sessions and weight groups. Children with overweight/obesity showed a higher absolute VO2 during EPOC than healthy-weight children in both game sessions, but relative VO2 was higher in healthy-weight children during EPOC. No differences were observed for EPOC between UB and WB sessions. Conclusions Children with overweight/obesity had a greater EPOC than healthy-weight children after AVG sessions in terms of absolute oxygen values, whereas healthy-weight children have higher EPOC considering relative VO2 when controlling for body mass. UB and WB AVGs induced a similar EPOC among children with healthy weight and overweight/obesity. As UB and WB AVGs induce the rapid component of EPOC in children regardless their weight status, AVGs could be used as an exercise method to treat and prevent child obesity.

Studies of Calcium Absorption in Man Using a CD-2 Whole-Body Counter

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
K. Bakos ◽  
Věra Wernischová
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Body Counting ◽  
Calcium Load ◽  
Calcium Malabsorption ◽  
Whole Body Counting

SummaryWhole-body counting makes an important contribution of radioisotope techniques to ȁEin vivo“ absorption studies, in comparison with other methods. In a large number of subjects, the method was tested for its usefulness in the diagnosis of calcium malabsorption. The effects of drugs, of the calcium load in the gut and of the whole-body content of calcium on the absorption process were studied in a control group.

scholarly journals Association between Oxygen Consumption and Surface Electromyographic Amplitude and Its Variation within Individual Calf Muscles during Walking at Various Speeds

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Kohei Watanabe ◽  
Shideh Narouei
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Calf Muscles

Surface electromyography (EMG) has been used to estimate muscle work and physiological burden of the whole body during human movements. However, there are spatial variations in surface EMG responses within individual muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between oxygen consumption and surface EMG responses of lower leg muscles during walking at various speeds and to quantify its spatial variation within an individual muscle. Nine young males walked on a treadmill at four speeds: preferred minus 1 km/h, preferred, preferred plus 1 km/h, and preferred plus 2 km/h, and the metabolic response was measured based on the expired gas. High-density surface EMG of the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG), lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles was performed using 64 two-dimensional electrode grids. Correlation coefficients between oxygen consumption and the surface EMG amplitude were calculated across the gait speeds for each channel in the electrode grid and for individual muscles. Mean correlation coefficients across electrodes were 0.69–0.87 for the four individual muscles, and the spatial variation of correlation between the surface EMG amplitude and oxygen consumption within an electrode grid was significantly greater in MG muscle than in TA muscle (Quartile deviations: 0.24 for MG and 0.02 for TA, p < 0.05). These results suggest that the physiological burden of the whole body during gait at various speeds can be estimated from the surface EMG amplitude of calf muscles, but we need to note its spatial distribution within the MG muscle.

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