Investigation of food habit and niche relationships in a cyprinid community

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1873-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Litvak ◽  
Roger I. C. Hansell
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Niche Space ◽  
Benthic Food ◽  
Frequency Occurrence ◽  
Food Niche ◽  
Niche Relationships

Study of the gut contents of a cyprinid community by means of frequency occurrence and back-predicted biomass data indicated that Pimephales promelas has a benthic food habit, consuming a high proportion of detritus and associated invertebrates. Phoxinus eos and Phoxinus neogaeus both consumed prey from the benthos and throughout the water column. A large portion of their diet also consisted of detritus, but less than that of Pimephales promelas. The community food niche was analyzed in multidimensional niche space, using principal coordinate analysis, and an algorithm for a community perspective on the multidimensional niche was used. Pimephales promelas had the smallest niche, with a high proportion of its niche hypervolume in intersection with the two Phoxinus species. Phoxinus eos had the second largest niche and was the "middle competitor" in this community. Phoxinus neogaeus had the largest niche and was overlapped the least in the community. Comparison with previous studies of food habit suggests that competition was occurring at the time of the study.

scholarly journals Kebiasaan Makanan Belangkas, Tachypleus gigas (Müller 1785) dan Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda (Latreille 1802) di Perairan Pesisir Balikpapan, Kalimantan Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Rani Nuraisah ◽  
Naila K Aini ◽  
Ali Mashar ◽  
Zairion Zairion ◽  
Yuni P Hastuti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Living Fossils ◽  
Horseshoe Crabs ◽  
Food Niche

Horseshoe crabs are living fossils found in Indonesia. This study examined the food habit of horseshoe crabs (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda and Tachypleus gigas)  collected from Balikpapan coastal waters, East Kalimantan. Horseshoe crabs were captured using gill nets and picked by hand along the Balikpapan coast. The width of the prosoma and the body weight of each individual were measured, and the gut contents were analysed to determine the preponderance index, food niche breadth, and niche overlap. Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda prosoma widths ranged from 4.1 to 15.4 cm and those of Tachypleus gigas ranged from 2.8 to 24 cm. Eight food items were found in the gut of the horseshoe crabs, namely: bivalves, gastropods, scaphopoda, polychaetes, echinoderms, crustaceans, leaf litter and others. Based on the preponderance index, gastropods were the main food item of the two horseshoe crab species. In accordance to the food composition the horseshoe crabs inhabiting Balikpapan coastal waters are categorized as benthivores.

Predation of larval benthic invertebrates in St George’s Bay, Nova Scotia

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Short ◽  
Anna Metaxas ◽  
Rémi M. Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Species Dominance ◽  
Merluccius Bilinearis ◽  
Larval Species

Larval survival during planktonic dispersal is crucial to the connectivity among benthic populations. Although predation has been suggested as an important cause of larval mortality, this process has rarely been quantified in the field. We measured the abundance of various larval species in the water column in St George’s Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada, on 3 different occasions in summer (August 2008, July and August 2009), the period of high larval abundance in our region. We sampled four numerically dominant predators (scyphozoans: Cyanea capillata and Aurelia aurita; fishes: Gasterosteus aculeatus and Merluccius bilinearis) and lobster larvae near the water surface with a neuston net and other larval species in the water column (3 m depth) with a ring net. Larvae found in the gut contents of the predators included various species of gastropods, crustaceans and bivalves, and these were more abundant in the scyphozoans than the fishes. We attribute these differences to variation in predation method. For certain larval taxa, we found significant differences between the proportional abundance in the guts of C. capillata and in the water column, indicating prey selectivity. This study evaluates the potential impact of predation on larval survival and indicates that the presence of predators can cause changes in abundance and consequent taxonomic shifts in species dominance of larvae, influencing their successful subsequent recruitment to the benthos.

Food-niche relationships within a guild of alpine ungulates including an introduced species

2009 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bertolino ◽  
N. C. di Montezemolo ◽  
B. Bassano
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Food Niche ◽  
Niche Relationships

Food-Niche Relationships between Great Horned Owls and Common Barn-Owls in Eastern Washington

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Knight ◽  
Ronald E. Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Barn Owls ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Food Niche ◽  
Niche Relationships

Food-Niche Relationships among Sympatric Predators: Effects of Level of Prey Identification

Oikos ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry W. Greene ◽  
Fabian M. Jaksić ◽  
Fabian M. Jaksic
Keyword(s):  
Prey Identification ◽  
Food Niche ◽  
Niche Relationships

Food-niche relationships and guild structure of diurnal birds of prey: competition versus opportunism

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2230-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian M. Jaksić ◽  
H. Elizabeth Braker
Keyword(s):  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Food Size ◽  
Food Niche ◽  
Very High ◽  
Opportunistic Feeding ◽  
Niche Relationships

Food-niche relationships of diurnal raptors have been claimed to be shaped by either competitive interactions or opportunistic feeding. We confront these alternatives by analyzing the patterns of prey use of five assemblages of falconiforms. Our results show that food-niche breadth is not a species property but is determined by the food resources locally available; neither does it become narrower in larger assemblages nor is it correlated with raptor size. Food-niche overlaps are frequently very high and do not become smaller in larger assemblages. Mean weight of prey taken is positively correlated with raptor weight within assemblages, but varies widely across assemblages, with a single species showing manyfold differences. Weight ratios between raptors contiguous in the size axis fall well below the 2.2–3.4 expected figures, nor are they negatively correlated with the amount of food-niche overlap. Normalized distance ratios (d/w) of spacing between raptors along the food-size axis are usually smaller than the expected 1. The five assemblages are organized in feeding guilds whose size is larger where fewer prey categories are available per raptor species. In most cases we found little support for predictions based on competition-structured assemblages. This is probably because of the opportunistic feeding behavior of raptors, and perhaps also because food might not be a limiting resource for them.

scholarly journals Food Preference of Shortfin Scad (Decapterus macrosoma) at the Southern Waters of Gunungkidul Yogyakarta, Indonesia [Preferensi pakan ikan layang deles (Decapterus macrosoma) di Pantai Selatan Gunungkidul Yogyakarta]

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Friyuanita Lubis ◽  
Ratih Ida Adharini ◽  
Eko Setyobudi
Keyword(s):  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Carnivorous Fish ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Cololabis Saira ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Gut Length

AbstractThe food habit is one of the important information used in the fisheries resource management. This study aimed to determine food preferences, index of preponderance, and trophic level of shortfin scad (D. macrosoma) captured from the southern waters of Gunungkidul Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 325 fish samples were collected from March to September 2018. Each fish sample was measured in total length, body weight, determined its sex, and then dissected. The digestive tract was measured in total length then the gut contents were preserved in 5% formaldehyde to observe the type of food composition. The results showed that shortfin scad was carnivorous fish (relative gut length = 0.47) with the diet composing of fish (84.15%), phytoplankton (8.91%), zooplankton (4.47%), and snipping shrimp (3.19%). The molecular identification showed that the main fish species eaten by shortfin scad was Cololabis saira (Scomberesocoidae).AbstrakKebiasaan pakan ikan merupakan salah satu informasi penting yang digunakan dalam manajemen sumberdaya perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi pakan, indeks bagian terbesar dan tingkat trofik ikan layang deles (D. macrosoma) yang ditangkap dari Perairan Gunungkidul. Total 325 sampel ikan layang deles dikumpulkan selama bulan Maret sampai dengan September 2018. Setiap sampel ikan diukur panjang total, berat tubuh, ditentukan jenis kelaminnya kemudian dilakukan pembedahan. Saluran pencernaan diukur panjangnya, kemudian isi lambung ikan diawetkan dalam formalin 5% untuk diamati komposisi jenis makanannya. Analisis data meliputi panjang usus relatif, frekuensi kejadian, indeks bagian terbesar, dan tingkat trofik ikan layang deles. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan layang deles bersifat karnivora (panjang usus relatif = 0,47) dengan komposisi jenis makanan utama adalah ikan (84,15%). Makanan pelengkap layang deles adalah fitoplankton (8,91%), sedangkan zooplankton (4,47%) dan potongan udang (3,19%) merupakan makanan tambahan. Berdasarkan identifikasi molekuler, spesies ikan yang menjadi makanan utama ikan layang deles adalah Cololabis saira (Scomberesocoidae).

Food-niche relationships of sympatric mallards and green-winged teals

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Nummi
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Anas Crecca ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Invertebrate Prey ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Food Niche ◽  
Benthic Animals

Diets of juvenile green-winged teals (Anas crecca) and mallards (A. platyrhynchos) in August and September were studied with respect to (i) the proportion of animal and plant matter. (ii) prey size. (iii) prey diversity, and (iv) the vertical distribution of invertebrate prey in the water column. The size distribution of prey in the diets of the ducks was also compared with that in the environment. Teal diets contained a larger and more variable fraction of invertebrates than did mallard diets. Teals used more small food items than did mallards; however, both used a wide spectrum of sizes. Teals ate more invertebrates that live in the water column or above the water surface, whereas mallards ate more benthic animals. These results contradict earlier studies that had classified teals, on the basis of digestive tract morphology, as more herbivorous than mallards. Therefore, inferences about differences in diet based on morphology alone should be made with some caution. I also suggest, contrary to some earlier studies, that both teals and mallards are generalist foragers, the teal being probably even more plastic when different modes of aquatic feeding are considered.

Changes in the elemental composition of the stomach contents of the opossum shrimp Mysis relicta during diel vertical migration

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lasenby ◽  
Youqing Shi
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Opossum Shrimp ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Clear differences in the elemental composition of the stomachs of adult Mysis relicta Lovén captured on or near the lake bottom during the day and those captured at night in the water column were observed using laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry. The elemental composition of the stomachs of mysids captured at night indicated that they were feeding on zooplankton and algae, whereas the stomachs of those captured during the day indicated sediment feeding. These results suggest that lake sediments may be a significant part of the mysid diet and that sediments transported vertically as gut contents may contribute to the transport of elements into the water column.

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