Effet de la lune sur l'activité des pétrels (classe Aves) aux îles Salvages (Portugal)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1404-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Bretagnolle
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Cory’S Shearwater ◽  
Calonectris Diomedea ◽  
Oceanodroma Castro ◽  
Storm Petrel ◽  
Breeding Status

Correlations between lunar phase and behaviour have been studied in five different species of petrels (Cory's Shearwater, Calonectris diomedea; Little Shearwater, Puffinus assimilis; Bulwer's Petrel, Bulweria bulwerii; White-faced Storm Petrel, Pelagodroma marina; and Madeiran Storm Petrel, Oceanodroma castro) during 20 nights. Quantitative data on the activity of birds (number of calls per time unit, proportion of nests visited, and number of birds in flight by night), relatively to their breeding status and the phase of the moon, suggest that moonlight may affect primarily the activity of the nonbreeders, especially in the smaller species. The results are compared with those for other species of petrels and possible causes of moon avoidance, such as increased predation risk, are discussed.

Genetic Relationships of Cory's Shearwater: Parentage, Mating Assortment, and Geographic Differentiation Revealed by DNA Fingerprinting

The Auk ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Rabouam ◽  
Vincent Bretagnolle ◽  
Yves Bigot ◽  
Georges Periquet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Cory’S Shearwater ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Calonectris Diomedea

Abstract We used DNA fingerprinting to assess genetic structure of populations in Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea). We analyzed mates and parent-offspring relationships, as well as the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and among populations, from the level of subcolony to subspecies. We found no evidence of extrapair fertilization, confirming that the genetic breeding system matches the social system that has been observed in the species. Mates were closely related, and the level of genetic relatedness within populations was within the range usually found in inbred populations. In contrast to previous studies based on allozymes and mtDNA polymorphism, DNA fingerprinting using microsatellites revealed consistent levels of genetic differentiation among populations. However, analyzing the two subspecies separately revealed that the pattern of genetic variation among populations did not support the model of isolation by distance. Natal dispersal, as well as historic and/or demographic events, probably contributed to shape the genetic structure of populations in the species.

scholarly journals Poaching vs. patrolling: effects on conservation of Cory’s Shearwater Calonectris diomedea borealis colonies

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA LOPEZ-DARIAS ◽  
JAVIER LUZARDO ◽  
RAFAEL MARTÍNEZ ◽  
DANIEL GONZÁLEZ ◽  
EDUARDO A. GARCÍA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Cory’S Shearwater ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Calonectris Diomedea ◽  
Government Surveillance

SummaryNegative effects of poaching on seabird populations are not usually evaluated quantitatively when assessing seabird colony conservation status, nor are they generally considered a major concern. We demonstrate that poaching is still intense in the Canary Islands, and has negative consequences for the conservation of seabird colonies. We quantified the effects of poaching of Cory’s Shearwater fledglings on breeding success on different islands in the Canaries, comparing colonies that suffer from intense, medium, or no poaching. Poaching reduced the breeding success of affected colonies to almost a third, potentially causing the future extinction of the colony. Only colonies with intense wardening campaigns reached high values of reproductive success, showing that government surveillance in conjunction with volunteers from different NGOs is a very effective approach in reducing poaching. A population sensitivity analysis was also conducted to provide data on the factors that most affect the performance of the model. Although population growth and mean final population size varied with increases and decreases in mortality and carrying capacity, only harvesting resulted in a probability of 100% of extinction in 20–40 years. To promote seabird conservation in regions such as the Canary Islands, a core archipelago for seabird species in the Atlantic, poaching control should be elevated by society to a level of urgency, requiring dedicated funding and mobilisation of experts and volunteers to adequately address it through education, prevention and enforcement.

Rocket Determination of the Ultra-Violet Reflectivity of the Moon

1967 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Carver ◽  
B. H. Horton
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
Atmospheric Ozone ◽  
The Moon

We have used rocket-borne photometers to determine the ultra-violet flux of the full moon in the wavelength range 2400-2900A where atmospheric ozone prevents ground-based observations. The lunar fluxes determined in two rocket firings from Woomera on 9th December, 1965, and 30th August, 1966, are summarized in the Table. The results for the two firings have been corrected to full moon values on the assumption that the lunar phase law is the same at these ultra-violet wavelengths as it is in the visible.

Contrasted influences of moon phases on the reproduction and movement patterns of four amphibian species inhabiting different habitats in central Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Vignoli ◽  
Manuela D’Amen ◽  
Francesca Della Rocca ◽  
Marco A. Bologna ◽  
Luca Luiselli
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Moon Phase ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Fitness Effects ◽  
Open Habitat

Many studies have provided evidence that prey adjust their behaviour to adaptively balance the fitness effects of reproduction and predation risk. Nocturnal terrestrial animals should deal with a range of environmental conditions during the reproductive season at the breeding sites, including a variable amount of natural ambient light. High degrees of illumination are expected to minimize those behaviours that might increase the animal detection by predators. Therefore, under habitat variable brightness conditions and in different ecosystems, the above mentioned behaviours are expected to depend on the variation in predation risk. Although moon effects on amphibian biology have been recognized, the direction of this influence is rather controversial with evidences of both increased and depressed activity under full moon. We tested in four nocturnal amphibian species (Hyla intermedia, Rana dalmatina, Rana italica, Salamandrina perspicillata) the effects of different (i) light conditions and (ii) habitats (open land vs. dense forest) on the reproductive phenology. Our results showed that the effects of the lunar cycle on the study species are associated with the change in luminosity, and there is no evidence of an endogenous rhythm controlled by biological clocks. The habitat type conditioned the amphibian reproductive strategy in relation to moon phases. Open habitat breeders (e.g., ponds with no canopy cover) strongly avoided conditions with high brightness, whereas forest habitat breeders were apparently unaffected by the different moon phases. Indeed, for all the studied species no effects of the moon phase itself on the considered metrics were found. Rather, the considered amphibian species seem to be conditioned mainly by moonlight irrespective of the moon phase. The two anurans spawning in open habitat apparently adjust their oviposition timing by balancing the fitness effects of the risk to be detected by predators and the reproduction.

scholarly journals A Study of Lunar Microwave Radiation Based on Satellite Observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Yang ◽  
Martin Burgdorf
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Microwave Sounding

In recent years, the study of microwave radiation from the Moon’s surface has been of interest to the astronomy and remote sensing communities. Due to the stable geophysical properties of the Moon’s surface, microwave lunar radiation is highly predictable and can be accurately modeled, given sufficient observations from reliable instruments. Specifically, for microwave remote sensing study, if International System of Unit (SI) traceable observations of the Moon are available, the Moon can thus be used as an SI traceable calibration reference for microwave instruments to evaluate their calibration accuracies and assess their long-term calibration stabilities. Major challenges of using the Moon as a radiometric source standard for microwave sensors include the uncertainties in antenna pattern measurements, the reliability of measurements of brightness temperature (Tb) in the microwave spectrum of the lunar surface, and knowledge of the lunar phase lag because of penetration depths at different detection frequencies. Most microwave-sounding instruments can collect lunar radiation data from space-view observations during so-called lunar intrusion events that usually occur several days each month. Addressed in this work based on Moon observations from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit/Microwave Humidity Sounder are two major issues in lunar calibration: the lunar surface microwave Tb spectrum and phase lag. The scientific objective of this study is to present our most recent progress on the study of lunar microwave radiation based on satellite observations. Reported here are the lunar microwave Tb spectrum and phase lag from 23 to 183 GHz based on observations of microwave-sounding instruments onboard different satellite platforms. For current Moon microwave radiation research, this study can help toward better understanding lunar microwave radiation features over a wide spectrum range, laying a solid foundation for future lunar microwave calibration efforts.

scholarly journals 79. Radio emission from the moon and the nature of its surface

1957 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 406-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Troitzky ◽  
S. E. Khaikin
Keyword(s):  
Radio Emission ◽  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Subsolar Point ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

A theoretical study of the integral radio emission of the moon, measured at the wave-length of 3·2 cm. (Zelinskaja and Troitzky[1]; Kajdanovsky, Turusbekov and Khaikin[2]), was carried out at the Gorky radio astronomical station ‘Zimenky’ and at the Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. The following expression for the average radio temperature of the entire lunar disk, as a function of the lunar phase, Ωt, was obtained (Troitzky, 1954) [3]: Here tan ξ = δ/(1 + δ) and δ = β/κ, where β is the attenuation coefficient of the thermal wave, κ the power attenuation coefficient of the radio wave. Further, Tm = 374°K. is the temperature of the subsolar point, Tn is the temperature at the lunar midnight, Θ = Tm – Tn and k0 is the reflexion coefficient of radio waves for vertical incidence (k0 ≈ 0–1). The numerical coefficients in equation (1) were obtained as a result of averaging the Fresnel reflexion coefficients over the whole disk. The degree of polarization of the total radio emission was calculated and was found to be about 4 %.

scholarly journals Scattered moonlight observations with X-shooter

2019 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. A39
Author(s):  
A. Jones ◽  
S. Noll ◽  
W. Kausch ◽  
S. Unterguggenberger ◽  
C. Szyszka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Background Model ◽  
Lunar Phase ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Aerosol Scattering ◽  
Phase Functions ◽  
Background Models

Estimating the sky background is critical for ground-based astronomical research. In the optical, scattered moonlight dominates the sky background, when the moon is above the horizon. The most uncertain component of a scattered moonlight model is the aerosol scattering. The current, official sky background model for Cerro Paranal uses an extrapolated aerosol extinction curve. With a set of X-shooter sky observations, we have tested the current sky background model as well as determined the aerosol extinction from the ultra-violet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR). To our knowledge, this is the first time that a scattered moonlight model has been used for this purpose. These observations were taken of blank sky, during three different lunar phases, and at six different angular distances from the moon for each lunar phase. Overall, the current model does reproduce the observations for average conditions quite well. Using a set of sky background models with varying aerosol distributions to compare with the observations, we found the most likely aerosol extinction curves, phase functions, and volume densities for the three nights of observations and compare them with the current model. While there are some degeneracies in the aerosol scattering properties, the extinction curves tend to flatten towards redder wavelengths and are overall less steep compared to the extrapolated curve used in the current model. Also, the current model had significantly less coarse particles compared to the favored volume densities from the X-shooter data. Having more coarse particles affects the phase function by being more peaked at small angular distances. For the three nights of sky observations, the aerosol size distributions differed, most likely reflecting the changes in atmospheric conditions and aerosol content, which is expected. In short, the current sky background model is in fair agreement with the observations, and we have determined better aerosol extinction curves and phase functions for Cerro Paranal. Using nighttime sky observations of scattered moonlight and a set of sky background models is a new method to probe the aerosol content of the atmosphere.

Spontaneous Primary Right Tibiotarsal Osteosarcoma with Pulmonary Metastasis in a Free-Ranging Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris diomedea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Arícia Duarte-Benvenuto ◽  
Priscilla Carla dos Santos Costa ◽  
Hassan Jerdy ◽  
Eulógio Carlos Queiroz de Carvalho ◽  
José Luiz Catão-Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Metastasis ◽  
Cory’S Shearwater ◽  
Calonectris Diomedea ◽  
Free Ranging
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