Evaluating preference in laboratory studies of diet selection

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Selection Of

The food habits of animals may be studied in the laboratory or in the field. Field studies describe diet selection of populations but do not permit analysis of the factors causing individual variation in the foraging behaviour of animals. Although numerous indices have been developed to compare use and availability of foods in field diets of animals, little attention has been given to laboratory approaches for comparing food choices. Tests of food choice must account for the order, consumption rate, and total amount of each food type eaten. Current measures fail to account for one or more of these parameters. This often results in highly ambiguous preference rankings, making comparisons among individuals or species difficult. To solve this problem, I propose using the area under the curve of the cumulative proportion eaten versus time for each food type. This index may be used to assess individual variation and determine the relative importance of each major component of the diet selection process in animals.

The diet selection of lambs offered food choices of different nutrient density

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
S.D.B. Cooper ◽  
I. Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constant Ratio ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Selection Of

Cropper (1987) considered the influence of the ‘bulkiness’ of foods upon the diet selections made by growing lambs. The food pairs offered differed in both crude protein (CP) concentration and digestibility. The lambs offered such choices did not completely avoid the more bulky food, which would have been expected from an optimal foraging point of view (Krebs & McCleery, 1984). This led to the suggestion that the consumption of small quantities of the more bulky food was beneficial to the lamb, perhaps to maintain rumen function. The foods used in Cropper's (1987) experiment had different metabolisable energy concentrations and so the ratio of protein:energy would have varied between foods, thus these lambs may have attempted to select diets in order to achieve a specific ratio of such nutrients.The objective of this experiment was to test whether nutrient density (concentrations of protein and energy) has an influence upon diet selection. This was achieved by offering pairs of foods with different nutrient densities but a constant ratio of metabolisable protein (MP): metabolisable energy.

Grazing behaviour - diet selection and pasture intake.

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-183
Author(s):  
Gordon McL. Dryden
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Nutritional Environment ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Abstract In this chapter the nutritional environment, foraging behaviour, feed intake, and diet selection of grazing animals are discussed.

IMPLEMENTASI PENENTUAN ARSITEKTUR MASJID MODERN DI ACEH MENGGUNAKAN PEMODELAN SISTEM CERDAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraya Masthura Hasan ◽  
T Iqbal Faridiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference System ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Selection Of

Mosque architectural design is based on Islamic culture as an approach to objects and products from the Islamic community by looking at their suitability and values and basic principles of Islam that explore more creative and innovative ideas. The purpose of this system is to help the team and the community in seeing the best mosque in the top order so that the system can be used as a reference for the team and the community. The variables used in the selection of modern mosques include facilities and infrastructure, building structure, roof structure, mosque area, level of security and facilities. The system model used is a fuzzy promethee model that is used for the modern mosque selection process. Fuzzy inference assessment is used to determine the value of each variable so that the value remains at normal limits. Fuzzy values will then be included in promethee assessment aspects. The highest promethee ranking results will be made a priority for the best mosque ranking. This fuzzy inference system and promethee system can help the management team and the community in determining the selection of modern mosques in aceh in accordance with modern mosque architecture. Intelligent System Modeling System In Determining Modern Mosque Architecture in the City of Aceh, this building will be web based so that all elements of society can see the best mosque in Aceh by being assessed by all elements of modern mosque architecture.Keywords: Fuzzy inference system, Promethe, Option of  Masjid

scholarly journals Validation of the Zwolle score for selection of very low-risk STEMI patients treated with primary angioplasty

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cordero ◽  
B Cid ◽  
P Monteiro ◽  
J.M Garcia-Acuna ◽  
M Rodriguez-Manero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Care Organization ◽  
Grace Score ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background The Zwolle risk score was designed to stratify the actual in-hospital mortality risk of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI) but, also, for decision-making related to patients location in an intensive care unit or not. Since the GRACE score continues being the gold-standard for individual risk assessment in STEMI in most institutions we assessed the specificity of both scores for in-hospital mortality. Methods We assessed the accuracy of Zwolle risk score for in-hospital mortality estimation as compared to the GRACE score in all patients admitted for STEMI in 3 tertitary hospitals. Patients with Zwolle risk score <3 would qualify as “low risk”, 3–5 as “intermediate risk” and ≥6 as “high risk”. Patients with GRACE score <140 were classified as low-risk. Specificity, sensitivity and classification were assessed by ROC curves and the area under the curve (AUC). Results We included 4,446 patients, mean age 64.7 (13.6) years, 24% women and 39% with diabetes. Mean GRACE score was 157.3 (4.9) and Zwolle was 2.8 (3.3). In-hospital mortality was 10.6% (471 patients). Patients who died had higher GRACE score (218.4±4.9 vs. 149.6±37.5; p<0.001) and Zwolle score (7.6±4.3 vs. 2.3±2.18; p<0.001); a statistically significant increase of in-hospital mortality risk, adjusted adjusted by age, gender and revascularization, was observed with both scores (figure). A total of 1,629 patients (40.0%) were classified as low risk by the GRACE score and 2,962 (66.6%) by the Zwolle score; in-hospital mortality was 1.6% and 2.7%, respectively. Moreover, the was a significant increase of in-hospital mortality rate according to Zwolle categories (2.7%; 13.0%; 41.6%)The AUC of both score was the same (p=0.49) but the specificity of GRACE score <140 was 43.1% as compared to 72.6% obtained by Zwolle score <3; patients accurately classified was also lower with the GRACE score threshold (48.8% vs. 73.7%). Conclusions Selection of low-risk STEMI patients treated with p-PCI based on the Zwolle risk score has higher specificity than the GRACE score and might be useful for the care organization in clinical practice. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Optimising the selection of food items for FFQs using Mixed Integer Linear Programming

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna C Gerdessen ◽  
Olga W Souverein ◽  
Pieter van ‘t Veer ◽  
Jeanne HM de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Milp Model ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractObjectiveTo support the selection of food items for FFQs in such a way that the amount of information on all relevant nutrients is maximised while the food list is as short as possible.DesignSelection of the most informative food items to be included in FFQs was modelled as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model. The methodology was demonstrated for an FFQ with interest in energy, total protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, total carbohydrates, mono- and disaccharides, dietary fibre and potassium.ResultsThe food lists generated by the MILP model have good performance in terms of length, coverage and R2 (explained variance) of all nutrients. MILP-generated food lists were 32–40 % shorter than a benchmark food list, whereas their quality in terms of R2 was similar to that of the benchmark.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the MILP model makes the selection process faster, more standardised and transparent, and is especially helpful in coping with multiple nutrients. The complexity of the method does not increase with increasing number of nutrients. The generated food lists appear either shorter or provide more information than a food list generated without the MILP model.

Diet selection of sheep: sodium bicarbonate, but not the offering of hay, modifies the effect of urea on diet selection

2002 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. James ◽  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
B. J. Tolkamp
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Total Food Intake ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThe hypotheses tested were that the expected preference of sheep for a food with adequate rumen degradable protein (RDP) supplemented with urea would be reduced both by the addition of a buffer (sodium bicarbonate (SB)) and by offering ad libitum access to hay. A control food (C), calculated to be adequate in its ratio of effective RDP to fermentable metabolizable energy (fME), was formulated. Other foods were made by adding 12·5 (U1) or 25 (U2) g urea per kg fresh matter (FM) to C and 20 g SB per kg FM to C, U1and U2. The acid buffering capacity (ABC) of each food was measured in vitro. The experiment consisted of two successive periods, each of 4 weeks. Ninety-eight female, Texel ✕ Greyface sheep were randomly allocated to 14 groups each with seven animals. Groups 1 to 6 were offered one of: C, U2, C + SB, U2+ SB, C with hay or U2with hay throughout the experiment. Groups 7 to 10 were offered the choices of C v. U1or C v. U2, either with or without hay in a change-over design; animals that received hay during period 1 (groups 8 and 10) did not do so during period 2 and vice versa (groups 7 and 9). Groups 11 to 14 (no. = 7) were offered the choices of C v. U1or C v. U2, either with or without SB supplemented to both foods, in a change-over design. Adding either urea, or SB, or both to C had no effects on intake or live-weight gain when offered alone. Both supplements significantly (P 0·001) increased the ABC of food C. Throughout the experiment hay consumption was very low (overall mean: 23 (s.e. 2·5) g hay per sheep day). Offering hay caused no change in the preference for the urea-supplemented foods. Sheep offered the choices C v. U1or C v. U2, with neither hay nor SB, selected 0.466 (s.e. 0·036) and 0.588 (s.e. 0·025) kg/kg total food intake (TFI) of U1and U2respectively. The proportions of the urea-supplemented foods were significantly reduced (P 0.01) by SB supplementation: to 0.348 (s.e.0·045) and 0·406 (s.e.0·059) kg/kg TFI of U1and U2respectively. The effect of SB addition on the diet selection of sheep could be due to its buffering properties. When SB is added to both foods the need for urea to be used as a buffer is reduced with a consequent decrease in the proportion selected as the urea-supplemented food. Effects of diet on buffering may override other diet selection objectives, such as the avoidance of an excess intake of RDP.

Diet selection of the Chilean stone crab Homalaspis plana

1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Morales ◽  
T. Antezana
Keyword(s):  
Diet Selection ◽  
Stone Crab ◽  
Selection Of

An extensive study of the foraging ecology of beavers (Castor canadensis) in relation to habitat quality

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 922-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gallant ◽  
C H Bérubé ◽  
E Tremblay ◽  
L Vasseur
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Foraging Theory ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Partial View ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to examine the foraging behaviour of the beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl, 1820) and to explain its selection of terrestrial woody plant species according to central place foraging theory. Limitations in variety of food items in most studies with regard to size and (or) distance from the central place and information on availability of forage choices give a partial view of the subject. In this study, the theory is tested in a natural environment with high variability in food items with regard to these factors. Foraging choices by beavers were inspected by measuring variables on cut and uncut trees of every species encountered within 1 m of trail systems made by 25 beaver colonies in Kouchibouguac National Park in New Brunswick, Canada, thereby quantifying the availability of the different food items. The effect of habitat quality (food availability) on the foraging behaviour of beavers was also tested. The results of this study suggest that with increasing distance from the pond, beavers in high-quality habitats selected fewer, but larger, trees and are more species selective. This selectivity was diminished in habitats of lower quality. The results of this study are consistent with the predictions of the central foraging theory.

Research on Material Selection with Multi-Attribute Decision Method and G1 Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 952 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Material Selection ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Selection Problem ◽  
Topsis Method ◽  
Attribute Weight ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Judgment Matrix ◽  
Optimal Material ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

The selection of an optimal material is an important aspect of design for mechanical, electrical, thermal, chemical or other application. Many factors (attributes) need to be considered in material selection process, and thus material selection problem is a multi-attribute decision making (MADM) problem. This paper proposes a new MADM method for material selection problem. G1 method does not need to test consistency of the judgment matrix. Thus it is better than AHP. In this paper, firstly, we use the G1 method to determine the attribute weight. Then TOPSIS method is used to calculate the closeness of the candidate materials with respect positive solution. A practical material selection case is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

Does Audit Committee Disclosure of Partner-Selection Involvement Signal Greater Audit Quality?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy F. Downes ◽  
Michelle A. Draeger ◽  
Abbie E. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Audit Committee ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Partner Selection ◽  
Analyst Forecasts ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Audit Committees ◽  
Voluntary Disclosures ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Selection Of

We investigate whether audit committees use voluntary disclosures to signal the committees’ higher level of involvement in the audit partner-selection process, which contributes to higher levels of audit quality. Audit committees more involved in the partner-selection process should ensure the selection of a more rigorous partner. We test this conjecture by first identifying partners new to audit engagements. We then compare audit quality for companies whose audit committees disclose involvement in the selection of the new partner to those without this disclosure. We find that this disclosure is positively associated with audit quality (measured using discretionary accruals, misstatements, and meeting consensus analyst forecasts by a very small margin). Our results are more salient for complex companies and those with powerful audit committees. These findings highlight that audit committees use their disclosures to signal involvement in the partner-selection process and are relevant to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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