Occurrence of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the open North Pacific Ocean: migration or drift?

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2850-2852 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Quinn ◽  
J. T. Light
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Long Distance

This paper documents the occurrence of a small fish species, the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), in the open North Pacific Ocean. Sticklebacks were incidentally caught in 77 of 4138 (1.86%) purse seine sets for Pacific salmon and were found in the stomachs of 31 of 639 (4.85%) steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) caught on the high seas. If destined to reproduce, these pelagic sticklebacks would be an exception to the general rule that long distance migration is undertaken only by large fish species, but it is also possible that they were isolated from breeding populations.

scholarly journals Pacific salmon abundance trends and climate change

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Irvine ◽  
Masa-aki Fukuwaka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pink Salmon ◽  
The North ◽  
Abundance Trends

Abstract Irvine, J. R., and Fukuwaka, M. 2011. Pacific salmon abundance trends and climate change. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1122–1130. Understanding reasons for historical patterns in salmon abundance could help anticipate future climate-related changes. Recent salmon abundance in the northern North Pacific Ocean, as indexed by commercial catches, has been among the highest on record, with no indication of decline; the 2009 catch was the highest to date. Although the North Pacific Ocean continues to produce large quantities of Pacific salmon, temporal abundance patterns vary among species and areas. Currently, pink and chum salmon are very abundant overall and Chinook and coho salmon are less abundant than they were previously, whereas sockeye salmon abundance varies among areas. Analyses confirm climate-related shifts in abundance, associated with reported ecosystem regime shifts in approximately 1947, 1977, and 1989. We found little evidence to support a major shift after 1989. From 1990, generally favourable climate-related marine conditions in the western North Pacific Ocean, as well as expanding hatchery operations and improving hatchery technologies, are increasing abundances of chum and pink salmon. In the eastern North Pacific Ocean, climate-related changes are apparently playing a role in increasing chum and pink salmon abundances and declining numbers of coho and Chinook salmon.

Biology of the Pacific Pomfret (Brama japonica) in the North Pacific Ocean

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2608-2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Pearcy ◽  
Joseph P. Fisher ◽  
Mary M. Yoklavich
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
The North ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Subarctic Current ◽  
The North Pacific

Abundances of Pacific pomfret (Brama japonica), an epipelagic fish of the North Pacific Ocean, were estimated from gillnet catches during the summers of 1978–1989. Two size modes were common: small pomfret <1 yr old, and large fish ages 1–6. Large and small fish moved northward as temperatures increased, but large fish migrated farther north, often into the cool, low-salinity waters of the Central Subarctic Pacific. Lengths of small fish were positively correlated with latitude and negatively correlated with summer surface temperature. Interannual variations in the latitude of catches correlated with surface temperatures. Large catches were made in the eastern Gulf of Alaska (51–55°N) but modes of small pomfret were absent here, and large fish were rare at these latitudes farther to the west. Pomfret grow rapidly during their first two years of life. They are pectoral fin swimmers that swim continuously. They prey largely on gonatid squids in the region of the Subarctic Current in the Gulf of Alaska during summer. No evidence was found for aggregations on a scale ≤1 km. Differences in the incidence of tapeworm, spawning seasons, and size distributions suggest the possibility of discrete populations in the North Pacific Ocean.

Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-810
Author(s):  
Marian Nash
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Anadromous Fish ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
High Seas

On May 19, 1992, President George Bush transmitted to the Senate for advice and consent to ratification the Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean, with Annex, signed at Moscow on February 11, 1992. An accompanying report by Secretary of State James A. Baker III, dated May 14, 1992, stated, in major part: The Convention has as its centerpiece a prohibition on high seas fishing for Pacific salmon, which will protect valuable migrating U.S.-origin salmonids. It also establishes a new international organization to promote the conservation of anadromous stocks (primarily Pacific salmon) throughout their migratory range in the high seas area of the North Pacific Ocean and its adjacent seas, as well as ecologically related species that interact with these resources, including various marine mammals, seabirds, and non-anadromous fish species. The new organization, which is to be known as the North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission, will also serve as a needed venue for consultation and coordination of high seas fishery enforcement activities by the contracting parties.

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