The Simulium metallicum species complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Latin America: a cytological study

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1217-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Conn ◽  
K. H. Rothfels ◽  
W. S. Procunier ◽  
H. Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Chromosome Banding ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Onchocerca Volvulus ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common

Eleven members of the Simulium metallicum complex from Central America and South America are described using the polytene chromosome banding pattern of S. metallicum A as standard. The members are B from Mexico and Guatemala, C from Colombia, D and E from Venezuela, F from Panama, G from Costa Rica, H from Mexico, Guatemala, and Panama, I from Mexico and Guatemala, and J and K from Panama. A cytophylogeny separates the members into three lineages. H, I, J, and K form one lineage, separated from the standard by eight rearrangement steps. D and E form a second lineage on the basis of six fixed inversions in common. Three floating inversions characterize the common progenitor of C and G, which together form a third lineage. B is independently derived from the standard and separated from it by seven rearrangement steps. F is very close to A. Six cytotypes (A, B, H, I, J, and K) appear cytologically to be reproductively isolated and are considered sibling species. One cytotype, E, is a sibling species by virtue of cytological criteria, and possible ecological and physiological factors. The remaining four members (C, D, F, and G) are cytotypes requiring additional evidence to confirm sibling species status. Sibling A is provisionally considered to represent S. metallicum s.s.; sibling H may be S. horacioi Okazawa &Onishi. The status of members within the complex as vectors of Onchocerca volvulus is discussed.

scholarly journals Neoxabea mexicana sp. nov. (Gryllidae: Oecanthinae): A new species from Mexico and a key for Neoxabea in North and Central America

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Nancy Collins ◽  
Carlos Gerardo Velazco-Macias
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central America ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Sound Recordings ◽  
Tree Cricket ◽  
The Status ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
The Common ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Rule Out

A new species of tree cricket, Neoxabea mexicanasp. nov., is described from northeast Mexico. Although it has morphological similarities to two other species found in Mexico, there are distinguishing characters, such as a well-developed tubercle on the pedicel, black markings on the maxillary palpi, one of the two pairs of spots on the female wings positioned at the base of the wings, stridulatory teeth count, and the pulse rate of the male calling song. The calling song description and pre-singing stuttering frequencies are provided. Character comparisons that rule out other species in the genus are presented. The common name given to this new species is Mexican tree cricket. Sound recordings and video are available online. We also make some clarification of the status of Neoxabea formosa (Walker, 1869), described as Oecanthus formosus, and present a key of Neoxabea in North and Central America.

Taxonomic notes on Alpheus inopinatus Holthuis & Gottlieb, 1958 and Alpheus cf. lobidens De Haan, 1849 from Kuwait (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Alpheidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4851 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
ARTHUR ANKER ◽  
MANAL AL-KANDARI ◽  
SAMMY DE GRAVE
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Snapping Shrimp ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common

The status of the common intertidal snapping shrimp, Alpheus inopinatus Holthuis & Gottlieb, 1958, is discussed based on newly collected material from Kuwait. Alpheus inopinatus was previously confused with morphologically very similar species in the Alpheus lobidens De Haan, 1849 species complex, formerly identified as A. crassimanus Heller, 1862 and herein tentatively referred to as A. cf. lobidens. The material herein examined strongly supports the validity of A. inopinatus based on several morphological characters, as well as differences in the colour pattern, compared to other members of the A. lobidens complex. 

Recharacterisation and photo-documentation of five North American Bursaphelenchus species from C.L. Massey’s type material

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽  
Barbara J. Center
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Female Tail ◽  
Photo Documentation ◽  
The Status

The type specimens of fiveBursaphelenchusspecies described by Massey,i.e.,B. bestiolus,B. corneolus,B. elytrus,B. newmexicanusandB. wilfordi, were re-examined and photo-documented to update their descriptions in light of a contemporary understanding of the genus. The presence of a lateral field, basal swelling of stylet, P1 ventral single papilla of males and a pair of three-celled structures in females, which were not described or mentioned in the original descriptions, were observed, although the number of lateral incisures were not clarified because of sample condition. Within these five species, the intrageneric groupings ofB. bestiolusandB. wilfordihad been unclear. In the present study, because of newly observed morphological characters,B. bestiolusis considered to belong to thehofmanni-group, and is close toB. talonusandB. rufipennis. These three species form a species complex and are distinguished from each other only by female tail morphology. The species status ofB. wilfordiis still unclear, although, based on spicule morphology and structure and arrangement of genital papillae, we consider it to belong to thehofmanni-group, close toB. parvispicularis,B. paraparvispicularisandB. osumiana. However, female characters ofB. wilfordiare also similar to members of thecocophilus-group andParasitaphelenchus. Re-isolation and molecular identification are necessary to confirm the status of these species. By contrast, the affiliations ofB. corneoluswith thehofmanni-group andB. elytrusandB. newmexicanuswith theeggersi-group were confirmed. Based upon its morphological traits,B. corneolusis close toB. gerberaeandB. paracorneolus, and is distinguished from these species by its spicule morphology, female tail morphology and female post-uterine sac length. However, male specimens ofB. corneoluswere not available for the present study and confirmation is necessary.Bursaphelenchus elytrusis similar toB. tusciaeand is distinguished from it by its spicule (condylus) morphology and excretory pore position.Bursaphelenchus newmexicanusis close toB. glochisand is distinguished from it mostly by morphometrics and spicule (condylus) morphology. However, morphometrics usually vary among individuals and populations of a species, necessitating morphometric and molecular comparisons of more isolates (strains) in order to clarify specific status.

Revision of Neotropical aphrophorine spittlebugs, part 1: Ptyelini (Hemiptera, Cercopoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3497 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. ANDREW HAMILTON
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New World ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
The Common ◽  
Genetic Barcoding

Cephisus Stål, formerly with only 3 recognized species, is now known from at least 10 species ranging from southwestern USA to Argentina. Eight are keyed and described, including C. siccifolia (Walker), the economic species in South America, C. variolosus (Walker), the common species in Central America, C. brevipennis sp. nov. and C. laticeps sp. nov. from Mexico, plus C. magnificus sp. nov. from Brazil; two other biological species were identified in the C. variolosus species complex from the results of genetic “barcoding.” These are differentiated from Plinthacrus phaleratus, P. mexicanus and P. irroratus (all described by Spinola in 1850) that are new synonyms of  Novaphrophara tasmaniae Lallemand, 1940 (as N. phalerata comb. nov.), a species collected recently only in Madagascar. These two genera along with 6 others are placed in the redefined tribe Ptyelini (= Takagiinae syn. nov.) as sister-genus to the palaearctic genus Cnemidanomia Kusnezov (=Takagia Matsumura), suggesting a pre-Oligocene dispersal from the old world to the new. A preliminary key is provided to the families and tribes of Cercopoidea represented in the new world.

Description of Poecilia (Acanthophacelus) obscura n. sp., (Teleostei: Poeciliidae), a new guppy species from western Trinidad, with remarks on P. wingei and the status of the “Endler’s guppy”

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2266 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSANNE SCHORIES ◽  
MANFRED K. MEYER ◽  
MANFRED SCHARTL
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Cryptic Species Complex ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

Poecilia obscura, new species, is described from the Oropuche system, Trinidad. A mitochondrial DNA-sequence based molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed the status of the new species as a separate taxon. It is most closely related to the Common guppy, P. reticulata and to the recently described species, P. wingei. It can also be distinguished by morphometrics and gonopodial characteristics from these two species, although the ranges for all values overlap. A definition of the new species on morphology criteria alone is thus impossible. Therefore, P. obscura forms a cryptic species complex with the two other species. P. wingei is now unequivocally defined by the molecular phylogeny as a valid species. The three guppy species are included in the subgenus Acanthophacelus Eigenmann (1907), which is considered as generically different from all other taxa of the Poeciliinae sensu Parenti (1981).

scholarly journals Paramecium Diversity and a New Member of the Paramecium aurelia Species Complex Described from Mexico

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Potekhin ◽  
Rosaura Mayén-Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
Paramecium Jenningsi

Paramecium (Ciliophora) is an ideal model organism to study the biogeography of protists. However, many regions of the world, such as Central America, are still neglected in understanding Paramecium diversity. We combined morphological and molecular approaches to identify paramecia isolated from more than 130 samples collected from different waterbodies in several states of Mexico. We found representatives of six Paramecium morphospecies, including the rare species Paramecium jenningsi, and Paramecium putrinum, which is the first report of this species in tropical regions. We also retrieved five species of the Paramecium aurelia complex, and describe one new member of the complex, Paramecium quindecaurelia n. sp., which appears to be a sister species of Paramecium biaurelia. We discuss criteria currently applied for differentiating between sibling species in Paramecium. Additionally, we detected diverse bacterial symbionts in some of the collected ciliates.

Population abundance of the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius in the Haut Niger National Park, Republic of Guinea / Abondance de la population d'hippopotame commun Hippopotamus amphibius dans le Parc National du Haut Niger, République de Guinée

Mammalia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brugière ◽  
Bakary Magassouba ◽  
Amidou Sylla ◽  
Halimou Diallo ◽  
Mamadou Sow
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Hippopotamus Amphibius ◽  
The Status ◽  
Grazing Area ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe Republic of Guinea is thought to contain the largest population of common hippopotamus in West Africa. However, no systematic field survey has been carried out recently and the information available is limited to informal observations. To clarify the status of the common hippopotamus in Guinea, we carried out a biannual population survey along the section of the Niger River (the largest river in Guinea) within the Haut Niger National Park. We counted 93 hippopotamuses in 28 groups in the dry season and 77 hippopotamuses in 23 groups in the wet season. Mean group size and number of neonates did not change between the seasons. Hippopotomuses were more numerous along the river sections bordering uncultivated floodplains. This underlines the significance of this habitat (which is used as a grazing area) for conservation of this species. Haut Niger National Park is the most important protected area in Guinea for conservation of the common hippopotamus. Hippopotamus-human and -cattle conflicts in terms of floodplain use in the park's buffer zone should be closely monitored. Floodplain conversion to rice fields represents one of the most important threats to the long-term conservation of hippopotamus populations in Guinea.

SYSTEMATICS OF THE TRICHADENOTECNUM ALEXANDERAE SPECIES COMPLEX (PSOCOPTERA: PSOCIDAE) BASED ON AN INVESTIGATION OF MODES OF REPRODUCTION AND MORPHOLOGY

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. 1329-1354 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Betz
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Facultative Parthenogenesis

AbstractTrichadenotecnum alexanderae Sommerman is shown to represent one biparental (= euphrasic) species capable of facultative parthenogenesis (thelytoky) and three uniparental (= obligatorily parthenogenetic) sibling species, as determined by tests for mating, life history observations, and morphological analysis of specimens over the geographic range of the species complex. The name T. alexanderae is restricted to the biparental species because the holotype is a male. The three uniparental species are here named and described as T. castum n. sp., T. merum n. sp., and T. innuptum n. sp. The female of T. alexanderae is redescribed to allow its separation from the three uniparental species. A key to females of the species complex is supplied. All three uniparental species were derived from the biparental ancestor of T. alexanderae. Most collections of populations represented only by females consist of one or more uniparental species. Facultative parthenogenesis is shown to maintain a population of T. alexanderae through one generation only. The biparental species is found not to be restricted geographically to a relictual or peripheral range within the species complex, but to occupy a rather wide, north-temperate distribution across eastern North America.

The Approach to European Law in Domestic Legislation

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1255-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Leible
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
European Law ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
Teleological Interpretation

National legislators approach European law very differently. The reason for these differences lies partly in the historical development of their individual legal cultures. If one pursues a broad interpretation of the term ‘legal culture’ one takes especially into account the style of law and the attitude toward it. Thus legal culture can be defined as the Continental civil law countries’ ideal of a “concise, but comprehensive codification by which the judge can derive solutions for all possible cases through teleological interpretation;” whereas the common law rather limits this concept to “special laws which are interpreted very narrowly by the courts and accordingly are designed by the legislator to the last detail”. Furthermore, one could include the status of a judge, the nature of legal discourse, or the training of legal professionals, as well as the respect accorded to the law by the population when defining the concept of ‘legal culture'.

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