Mise en évidence et évolution, au cours du cycle biologique, de neurones producteurs d'une substance apparentée à la motiline porcine dans le ganglion supraoesophagien de la sangsue Theromyzon tessulatum

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malecha ◽  
M. Verger-Bocquet ◽  
G. Tramu
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Cycle Biologique ◽  
Supraesophageal Ganglion

The life cycle of Theromyzon tessulatum has been divided into stages defined on the basis of feeding pattern and reproductive activity. The use of an antiserum raised against porcine motilin demonstrated the presence of immunoreactive cells and fibers in the supraesophageal ganglion throughout the life of the leech. Immunopositive fibers are present in the neurohemal area of the dorsal commissure. The highest number of immunopositive neurons is found during stages 3B, 3C, and 3D, which precede egg-laying. The control of oogenesis by a substance related to porcine motilin is postulated.

NOTES ON MATING BEHAVIOR AND OVIPOSITION OF CHRYSOCHARIS LARICINELLAE (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE LARCH CASEBEARER (COLEOPHORA LARICELLA)

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Quednau
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Coleophora Laricella ◽  
Host Mortality

AbstractChrysocharis laricinellae (Ratz.) mated readily in the laboratory when several individuals of both sexes were held together in a vial. The courtship dance performed by the male is described. Parasite females develop mature eggs 3 days after emergence and are apparently capable of resorbing the eggs if hosts are not available, and to produce new ones after host-feeding. Storage of eggs in the ovary for 5 months at 55°F and sterility (phasic castration) of certain individuals is reported. Longevity of egg-laying females at 75°F was about 1 month less than that of parasites that had been denied contact with hosts. Odor apparently plays little or no role in the location of the larch casebearer larvae by C. laricinellae, but chemical surface stimuli seem to exist on the surface of a mine or case of Coleophora laricella (Hbn.). The parasite is also stimulated by vibrations of the host in its case. The oviposition and host-feeding pattern of C. laricinellae is described. Host-feeding on fourth-instar larvae of the larch casebearer contributed little to host mortality.

scholarly journals Observations on some biological aspects of Cicadatra persica (Cicadidae: Hemiptera) in apple fruit orchards in Erneh, Syria

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marah Ahmad Dardar ◽  
Hamzeh Mouhammad Ramadan Belal ◽  
Abedlnabi Mouhammad Basheer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Development ◽  
Successful Method ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Fruit Orchards

<em>Cicadatra persica</em> Kirkaldy, 1909 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) is regarded as a potential constraint to the productivity of apple fruit orchards in Erneh (33&deg;21&rsquo;N, 35&deg;52&rsquo;E), near Damascus, Syria. However, no research has been conducted on this pest. This study examined adult emergence, egg laying, and hatching periods. Adults emerged in early June, with an emergence peak in the fourth week of June 2011, and started laying eggs in mid-June. Egg development was approximately 40 days, with the first eggs hatching on 1<sup>st</sup> August 2011 and the final hatch on 17<sup>th</sup> August 2011. The simple and relatively successful method of monitoring egg development reported here may be useful for studying the nymphal ecology and life cycle of this species.

scholarly journals Biology and Nutritional Indexes of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Saccharine Sorghum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Barcelos ◽  
Fabrício O. Fernandes ◽  
Caroline Lopes ◽  
Beatriz M. Emygdio ◽  
Ricardo Valgas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Saccharine sorghum has been analyzed as a supplementary prime matter for ethanol production, especially during the sugarcane off-season period. However, it has proven to be highly susceptible to insect attacks during the cultivation cycle. The fall armyworm should be emphasized due to its voracity and high damage capacity enhanced by feeding-caused decrease in photosynthetic area. Current analysis studies the biology and determines the nutritional indexes of Spodoptera frugiperda in saccharine sorghum. Cultivars of saccharine sorghum BRS 506, BRS 509 and BRS 511were evaluated. Duration and survival of the egg, caterpillar, pre-pupal and pupal phases were determined, coupled to weight of pupae and caterpillar, life span, fecundity and pre-egg laying period. Although S. frugiperda completed its life cycle on cultivars BRS 506 and BRS 511, egg-laying and egg feasibility rates were low, whereas insects did not lay eggs on cultivar BRS 509. There was no significant difference in feeding intake by S. frugiperda among these three sorghum cultivars. Results suggest that saccharine sorghum is not a suitable host for S. frugiperda. Biological data reveal that the three saccharine sorghum cultivars are recommended for the grain production system since the number of specimens of the next generation is low or null.

scholarly journals A contribution to the study of biology of Curculio elephas Gyll. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

2011 ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Milan Drekic ◽  
Ljubodrag Mihajlovic
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
One Year ◽  
Entomological Laboratory ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Curculio Elephas

One of the insects that feeds on pedunculate oak acorns and reduces its seed yield is Curculio elephas Gyll. The study of Curculio elephas Gyll is necessary because of the severe damages caused by this insect and also owing to its insufficiently investigated biology. The research was conducted in the common oak seed orchard at Banov Brod, forest estate ?Sremska Mitrovica?, and in the entomological laboratory. The adults emerge from the soil chambers from mid July till the beginning of September. The presence of adults, as determined by crown fogging, ranged from the end of July till the beginning of September with the highest number in mid August. After emerging from the soil, females are already fertile with the developed eggs in the ovaries. They start egg laying after 1 to 8 days and they lay from one to seven eggs per day. Egg laying period lasts from 7 to 20 days. Fertility of C. elephas females ranges from 5 to 40 eggs, while their fecundity ranges from 19 to 45 eggs. At the end of the larval stage, larvae bore into the soil and stay there from one to three years. The species hibernates only in the larval stage. C. elephas has a one-year life cycle, while a minor part of the population has a two or three-year life cycle.

scholarly journals Direct assessment of queen quality and lack of worker suppression in a paper wasp

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1570) ◽  
pp. 1339-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Liebig ◽  
Thibaud Monnin ◽  
Stefano Turillazzi
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Output ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Inclusive Fitness ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Paper Wasp ◽  
Polistes Dominulus ◽  
Queen Policing ◽  
Reproductive Conflicts ◽  
Animal Societies

Assessing a conspecific's potential is often crucial to increase one's fitness, e.g. in female choice, contests with rivals or reproductive conflicts in animal societies. In the latter, helpers benefit from accurately assessing the fertility of the breeder as an indication of inclusive fitness. There is evidence that this can be achieved using chemical correlates of reproductive activity. Here, we show that queen quality can be assessed by directly monitoring her reproductive output. In the paper wasp Polistes dominulus , we mimicked a decrease in queen fertility by regularly removing brood. This triggered ovarian development and egg-laying by many workers, which strongly suggests that brood abundance is a reliable cue of queen quality. Brood abundance can be monitored when workers perform regular brood care in small size societies where each brood element is kept in a separate cell. Our results also show that although the queen was not manipulated, and thus remained healthy and fully fertile, she did not control worker egg-laying. Nevertheless, when workers laid eggs, the queen secured a near reproductive monopoly by selectively destroying these eggs, a mechanism known as ‘queen policing’. By contrast, workers destroyed comparatively few queen-laid eggs, but did destroy each other's eggs.

CYCLE BIOLOGIQUE DE PISSODES NOTATUS (COLEOPTERA, CURCULIONIDAE) DANS LA REGION TOULOUSAINE (FRANCE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Alauzet
Keyword(s):  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Cycle Biologique ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pissodes Notatus ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe maximal emergence of Pissodes notatus (F.) adults takes place during July and August. It results from the different evolution of two populations:— a first population, whose complete development (from egg to adult) takes 11 or 12 months. This population corresponds to eggs laid after the middle of July (maximum egg laying during September). Most of the larvae having reached the third instar, it shows no more evolution during the winter; the further development takes place during the next spring, and adults emerge from mid-June to mid-July.— a second population resulting from egg laying, between February and July, of hibernated adults (maximum egg laying during April and May). The whole development being very short (2 to 3 months), the adults, corresponding to these eggs, emerge from the middle of July to the end of August.The observed differences between durations of the under-bark development (from 2 to 12 months) appear free of diapause and probably result from rates of development changing with temperature and instar.In our regional field temperature conditions, all the individuals reach finally their under-bark development approximatively at the same time, so that the adult emergence period takes place in July and August.

scholarly journals Studi Biologi Hama Kutu Putih Pepaya Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococadea)

AGRICA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Gregorius O Leta ◽  
Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga Puu ◽  
Imaculata Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Development Phase ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Average Fecundity ◽  
Average Development

The goal of this research was to understand the biology of P. marginatus, a common pest for papaya plants.  This research used 1 type of treatment which was repeated 10 times. The results of this research were intended to illustrate the average development time of each development phase of P. marginatus.  These phases were: the egg phase (6 days), the female nymph phase (10 days),  the male nymph phase (17 days), female adult stage (11 days), male adult stage (3 days).  On average, the female life cycle was 27 days, and the male life cycle was 26 days.  On average, the pre-fertile stage lasted 4 days, the fertile stage lasted 6 days and the post fertile stage lasted 1 day. On average the pre-egg-laying adult stage lasted 4 days, the egg-laying adult stage lasted 6 days and the post-egg-laying stage lasted 1 day.  After the egg-laying stage, the average fecundity of P. marginatus was 370 eggs per female and from these, a total of 350 offspring were hatched per individual.  The ratio of surviving Descendents to reproductive couples of P. marginatus white lice was 9:1.

scholarly journals Penetration and post-infection development of root-knot nematodes in watermelon

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. e1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel López-Gómez ◽  
Soledad Verdejo-Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Nematode Development

Meloidogyne javanica has showed less reproductive success than M. incognita in watermelon genotypes. This study was conducted to elucidate the low reproduction of M. javanica in watermelon. The post-infection development of M. javanica in watermelon ‘Sugar Baby’ was determined at progressively higher initial population (Pi) levels at two time points during the life cycle. Plants were inoculated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 300 second-stage juveniles (J2)/plant. The increase in Pi was correlated with the penetration rates (R2= 0.603, p<0.001) and total numbers of nematodes in the root (R2 =0.963, p< 0.001) but there was no correlation between the Pi and the reproduction factor (eggs/plant/Pi). The population in the roots at 26 days post-inoculation (dpi) consisted primarily of third-stage juveniles (J3) with a small presence of J2 and fourth stages, and egg-laying females. The dominance of the J3, when egg-laying females are expected, point to the malfunction of the feeding sites that failed to support nematode development beyond the J3 stage. The similarities in egg-laying females at 26 and 60 dpi imply the disruption of the life cycle. Watermelon compensated for M. javanica parasitism by increasing vine length (19% to 33%) and dry top weight (40%) in comparison with the non-inoculated plants. The area under the vine length progress curve was significantly larger as the Pi progressively increased (R²=0.417, p<0.001). Physiological variation was detected between the M. incognita populations. M. arenaria had less ability to invade watermelon roots than did M. incognita and M. javanica.

scholarly journals Biology of Blastopsylla occidentalis (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Aphalaridae), a pest of Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) in Yaounde, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Victor Joly Dzokou ◽  
Soufo Laurentine ◽  
Tamesse Joseph Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Integrated Pest Control

Eucalyptus spp belong to the family of Myrtaceae and grow all over the world and are adapted to different climates and soils. In Cameroon, these plants are very important for their medicinal and ecological virtues. Eucalyptus globulus has economically and ornamentally values. Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor (Psylloidea: Aphalaridae) is one of the insects feeding on this plant and its causes severe damages to their host plants. Significant damage occurred in nurseries and in a very young plantations of Eucalyptus spp. The biology of B. occidentalis was studied from July 2010 to June 2011 at Yaounde. The parameters mating process, choice of the egg-laying site by the females, fecundity of the females, longevity of the adults, embryonic and larval development, life cycle and sex ratio were studied. The results showed that males emerged before females, and the mating process lasted about 42 minutes. The longevity of adults was 11 days on average and egg-laying began 8 days after emergence. The average fertility was 38 eggs per female. The eggs were laid on the buds, bracts, young leaves and twigs of its host plant. The life cycle, from egg to egg, required 32 days on average. The sex ratio was close to 1.03. This species fed and developed on Eucalyptus spp. has never been observed on other plants species in the study area, suggesting a specificity of this psyllid to its host plant. These results can be considered as an important step for the establishment of integrated pest control against Eucalyptus psyllid pest species in Cameroon.

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