Mycophagie chez le sanglier et hypothèses sur son rôle dans la dissémination des spores de champignons hypogés

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2324-2327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Génard ◽  
Françoise Lescourret ◽  
Guy Durrieu
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Frequent Consumption

Microscopic study of wild boar (Sus scrofa scrofa) faeces collected in the French Mediterranean zone reveals a frequent consumption of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Hypogeous species are predominant. Mycophagy is more important in forest stands than in open areas. Hypotheses are proposed on the role of the wild boar in the dissemination of hypogeous fungi spores, which is necessary for forest regeneration: the boar would not play an important role in the recolonization of deforested areas, but may favour the genie mixing of spatially separated fungi populations.

scholarly journals Investigating the Role of Free-Ranging Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in the Re-Emergence of Enzootic Pneumonia in Domestic Pig Herds: A Pathological, Prevalence and Risk-Factor Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0119060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mainity Batista Linhares ◽  
Luc Belloy ◽  
Francesco C. Origgi ◽  
Isabel Lechner ◽  
Helmut Segner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Enzootic Pneumonia ◽  
Risk Factor Study ◽  
Factor Study ◽  
Free Ranging

scholarly journals Wild boar (Sus scrofa) as reservoir of zoonotic yeasts: bioindicator of environmental quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Rhimi ◽  
Giovanni Sgroi ◽  
Chioma Inyang Aneke ◽  
Giada Annoscia ◽  
Maria Stefania Latrofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Sequence Types

Abstract Wildlife animals are recognized as reservoirs for zoonotic fungi and their faeces might play an important role in introducing pathogens into the environment. Thought wild boar (Sus scrofa) population has dramatically increased across Europe, information about their possible role in dissemination of zoonotic pathogenic yeasts in the environment is scant. Therefore, fecal samples (n=124) from wild boars from Campania region (Southern Italy) were collected and yeasts identified biochemically and molecularly by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and their phylogenetical relationship assessed. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of yeasts were also investigated using AFST-EUCAST method. Yeasts were isolated from 50.1% of the samples with the highest occurrence in samples from the province of Salerno (61.1%). A total of 368 Candida strains belonging to nine species were identified, with Candida albicans (45.7%), followed by Candida krusei (15.2 %), Candida slooffiae (9.8%) and Candida parapsilosis (7.6%) as the most prevalent identified species. Among C. albicans four sequence types (i.e., ST1-ST4) were identified with an intraspecific nucleotide difference up to 0.21%. The ML tree grouped all representative sequence types as paraphyletic clades with those of the references yeast species, respectively and supported by high bootstrap values. Fluconazole was the less active drug whereas, posaconazole, voriconazole, and isavuconazole the most active one. No resistance phenomena were observed for C. albicans and high MICs values for 5FC, azoles and echinocandines were registered in non-albicans Candida spp. This study showed, for the first time, the important role of wild boars in dissemination of pathogenic fungi in the environment. The absence of resistance phenomena in the Candida spp. might reflect environmental free from residues of azoles antifungals pollution or chemicals and suggests the role of wild boar as bio indicators of environment quality.

scholarly journals Status distribution and feeding habit of Wild Boar Sus scrofa (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Suidae) in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 12459-12463
Author(s):  
Shaheer Khan ◽  
Orus Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Faecal Samples

The Wild Boar Sus scrofa is omnivorous, serves as the prey base for large carnivores, performs the role of a natural scavenger, and is often involved in crop raiding.  The species is included in Schedule V of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, meaning hunting of the species may be allowed by the Chief Wildlife Warden in instances where individuals of the species are considered dangerous to human life or property.  Faecal samples of Wild Boar in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India, were collected from January to June 2013 to assess the distribution of Wild Boar in Karmajhiri range.  The density of Wild Boar in Sapath and Tikadi beat was 25.5±0.29 and 23.9±0.33 per hectare, respectively, and was the lowest in Teliya at 1.6±0.05 per hectare.  Sixteen different beats were sampled and surveyed to understand the diet of Wild Boar during the winter season.  Ingested items included stones, roots, grass, fruits and seeds, hairs, earthworms, flowers, and green plant material.  Out of these, the most frequent item was grass, followed by roots and stones.

scholarly journals The role of wild boars in spore dispersal of hypogeous fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Piattoni ◽  
Francesca Oir ◽  
Marco Morara ◽  
Mirco Iotti ◽  
Alessandra Zambonelli
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Spore Dispersal ◽  
Tuber Aestivum ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Hypogeous Fungi ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Seasonal Migrations

Wild boars (<em>Sus scrofa</em> L.) are well-known for soil disturbance in natural and cultivated truffières but their role in spore dispersal is poorly investigated. In the present work we studied the occurrence of hypogeous fungal spores in faecal contents of 14 wild boars randomly hunted in “Parco dei Gessi e Calanchi dell’Abbadessa” Regional Park (North of Italy) where truffle production has been previously investigated for three years. Six methods for spore analysis in faeces were compared and the suspension of faeces in ZnSO<sub>4</sub> (70%) solution resulted to be the most reliable. Hypogeous fungal spores, including <em>Tuber magnatum</em> and <em>Tuber aestivum</em> spores, were detected in 9 animals. This result suggests that the detection of fungal spores in faeces of wild boars may provide information on the presence of hypogeous fungi in an area. However, the poor abundance of spores suggests that the wild boar can be considered an opportunistic mycophagist, ingesting truffles only occasionally, as a seasonal source of food. Considering the magnitude of wild boar movements during seasonal migrations, it is possible to speculate that they play a key role in truffle long distance dispersal.

The Role of Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in The Eco-epidemiology of R. slovaca in Northeastern Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ortuño ◽  
M. Quesada ◽  
S. López-Claessens ◽  
J. Castellà ◽  
I. Sanfeliu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa

scholarly journals The Role of Interleukine-10 and Interferon-γ as Potential Markers of the Evolution of African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Wild Boar

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Sandra Barroso-Arévalo ◽  
Jose A. Barasona ◽  
Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández ◽  
José M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ

African swine fever virus (ASFv) is one of the most challenging pathogens to affect both domestic and wild pigs. The disease has now spread to Europe and Asia, causing great damage to the pig industry. Although no commercial vaccine with which to control the disease is, as yet, available, some potential vaccine candidates have shown good results in terms of protection. However, little is known about the host immune mechanisms underlying that protection, especially in wild boar, which is the main reservoir of the disease in Europe. Here, we study the role played by two cytokines (IL-10 and IFN-γ) in wild boar orally inoculated with the attenuated vaccine candidate Lv17/WB/Rie1 and challenged with a virulent ASFv genotype II isolate. A group of naïve wild boar challenged with the latter isolate was also established as a control group. Our results showed that both cytokines play a key role in protecting the host against the challenge virus. While high levels of IL-10 in serum may trigger an immune system malfunctioning in challenged animals, the provision of stable levels of this cytokine over time may help to control the disease. This, together with high and timely induction of IFN-γ by the vaccine candidate, could help protect animals from fatal outcomes. Further studies should be conducted in order to support these preliminary results and confirm the role of these two cytokines as potential markers of the evolution of ASFV infection.

scholarly journals A correlation of Mycobacterium bovis SB0134 infection between cattle and a wild boar (Sus Scrofa) in Campania region

2021 ◽  
pp. 100182
Author(s):  
Emanuela Sannino ◽  
Lorena Cardillo ◽  
Rubina Paradiso ◽  
Anna Cerrone ◽  
Paolo Coppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Campania Region
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