Predation by American crows reduces overwintering European corn borer populations in southwestern Ontario

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 2143-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan T. Quiring ◽  
Peter R. Timmins
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Essex County ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Corvus Brachyrhynchos ◽  
American Crows ◽  
Ca 50

American crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) overwintering in Canada's largest known crow roost near Essex, in southwestern Ontario, often forage during the day in surrounding fields of corn, Zea mays, where they perforate cornstalks and eat overwintering larvae of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. Survival of overwintering larvae was ca. 50% less in uncaged than in caged plants in a field 26 km from the roost. Although crows perforated stalks in all fields < 25 km from the rookery that were sampled, the number of perforations per cornstalk was negatively correlated with the distance from the roost to the cornfields. In Essex county migratory crows do not arrive until October when most corn has been harvested and they leave in March, before corn is planted. Thus overwintering crows usually do not damage standing corn, increasing their importance as biological control agents.

DOSE–MORTALITY RESPONSE OF EUROPEAN CORN BORER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) THIRD-INSTAR LARVAE TO SELECTED INSECTICIDES

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Mortality Response ◽  
Ca 50 ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Economic Pest ◽  
Insecticide Control

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, continues to be a consistent economic pest of field and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in the upper midwestem United States. In Minnesota alone, O. nubilalis control costs and losses to sweet corn (ca. 50 630 ha) exceed $5,000,000 annually (Noetzel et al. 1985). Despite recent efforts to implement alternatives (Lewis and Bing 1991; Prokrym et al. 1992; Bartels and Hutchison 1993; Bolin et al. 1993), insecticide control continues to play a central role in O. nubilalis management programs.

Use of strips of Zea mays L. to trap European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn.) oviposition in maize fields

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Derridj ◽  
H. Lefer ◽  
M. Augendre ◽  
Y. Durand
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Corn Borer

Note on Occurrence of Horogenes punctorius (Roman) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a Parasite of the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hbn.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Southwestern Ontario

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 579-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Wressell ◽  
G. Wishart
Keyword(s):  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
First Record ◽  
Essex County ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

In a survey of infestation by the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilatis (Hbn.), in Essex County, Ontario, in 1957, officers of the Chatham laboratory found several hymenopterous pupae associated with dead borers. Adults emerged in the laboratory and were identified by Mr. G. S. Walley, Entomology Division, Ottawa, as of Horogenes punctorius (Roman), an imported parasite of the borer. This is the first record of its establishment in Canada.

scholarly journals Resistance to European Corn Borer in Processing Sweet Corn

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 871-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Gardner ◽  
Michael P. Hoffmann ◽  
Margaret E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Scale Resistance

Trials were conducted in 1997 and 1998 to determine if there is a range of resistance to European corn borer [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)] (ECB) in commercially available processing sweet corn (Zea mays L.). Twelve processing corn cultivars were tested in 1997 and 18 cultivars in 1998. About 40 first instar larvae of colony-reared ECB were used to infest plants in both whorl and silking stages of growth. At harvest, plants infested at the whorl stage were evaluated for numbers of larvae and larval tunnels, and length of larval tunnels. Plants infested at the silking stage were evaluated for number of larvae per ear and were rated for ear damage using a 9-point scale. Resistance rankings among cultivars were consistent between years and between silk- and whorl-infested plants. We conclude that there is a substantial range of resistance already present in processing sweet corn cultivars, and that resistance is probably a combination of both exclusion and suppression of feeding. Our findings have two immediate uses: incorporation into existing IPM programs and incorporation of identifiable resistance bearing cultivars into a long-term breeding program for resistance to ECB in sweet corn.

THE SEVERITY OF STALK ROT OF GRAIN CORN IN RELATION TO INFESTATIONS OF A BIVOLTINE STRAIN OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER, OSTRINIA NUBILALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)

1983 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235-1237
Author(s):  
W. H. Foott ◽  
P. R. Timmins
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Corn lodging due to bent or broken stalks results mostly from feeding by the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and from stalk rot infections. Stalk rot of corn (Zea mays L.) is caused in southwestern Ontario mainly by Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), which attacks roots during the summer and invades the bases of the stems as the plants mature (Gates and Mortimore 1972). Several studies in the U.S.A. reported an association between the rot and the borer. Christensen and Schneider (1950) recorded severest stalk rot with highest borer infestation and found that inbred lines usually free from rot became susceptible when infested by the borer. Chiang and Wilcoxson (1961) reported a higher incidence of rot in plants artificially inoculated with Fusarium graminearum and borer larvae than in those inoculated with F. graminearum alone. A recent study in Iowa (Jarvis et al. 1982) showed that the greatest stalk rot damage occurred in high borer infestations. Carson and Hooker (1981), however, were unable to relate the incidence and severity of rot to corn borer infestation. In their 3-year study, the least rot occurred in the year of severest borer infestation. Since observations in corn fields in southwestern Ontario also indicated that there might not be a direct relationship between severity of stalk rot and severity of corn borer infestation, further studies were undertaken.

Thermosensibilité des lignées germinales de Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera). Conséquences sur l'efficacité du parasitoïde

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chihrane ◽  
G. Laugé
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Ostrinia Nubilalis ◽  
European Corn Borer ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Trichogramma Brassicae ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Trichogramma Brassicae Bezdenko

Trichogramma brassicae, a parasitoid used in the biological control of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, becomes less effective if certain thermal conditions prevail at the time of its release. A laboratory study demonstrated that the generation liberated in the field had reduced fecundity and that the proportion of females was lower in the following generation. These results prompted us to examine the germ lines of the parasitoid. Exposure to a temperature of 35 °C at the white nymph stage does not affect ovarian function, but exposure to 44 °C does: the number of mature ovocytes at emergence is lower than that observed in controls; certain ovaries are abnormal or remain juvenile. At the time of emergence, the seminal vesicles of male controls contain large numbers of typical sperm and a few atypical sperm, the latter becoming more numerous in males exposed to 35 °C. After exposure to 44 °C, vesicles contain only a few sperm or are completely empty. Since T. brassicae is an arrhenotokous parthenogenetic species (unfertilized eggs become males), these observations explain the reduced number of females in the second generation.[Journal translation]

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