Body temperature patterns in black-tailed prairie dogs in the field

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1783-1789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene B. Bakko ◽  
Warren P. Porter ◽  
Bruce A. Wunder
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cynomys Ludovicianus ◽  
Prairie Dogs ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Water Savings ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Males And Females

Body temperatures (Tb) of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) were monitored in the field for 1 year. A daily Tb rhythm was evident during all months that animals were monitored. Diurnal high Tb was always greater than nocturnal low Tb. An annual Tb pattern was evident with summer Tb > winter Tb. The maximum range in Tb over the year was 5.8 °C, between August diurnal Tb (39.3 °C) and January nocturnal Tb (33.5 °C). The greatest difference between average high and low Tb in 1 month occurred in January (2.8 °C). Torpor was never observed. The lowest recorded Tb in any individual animal was 31.0 °C during nighttime hours in January. Males exhibited higher Tb than females at all hours during the prebreeding period in January, while females showed greater Tb than males during the breeding period in February for 15 of 24 h. Significant differences in Tb were not observed between males and females at other times of the year. The daily and annual Tb patterns observed result in energy and water savings.

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition on the body temperature and relative organ weights of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4575
Author(s):  
Julyana Machado da Silva Martins ◽  
Evandro De Abreu Fernandes ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Bueno ◽  
Carolina Magalhães Caires Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Heloisa Litz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nutritional plans on the body temperature and organ biometrics in male and female broilers, of two ages. Here, 1,700 birds were used (850 males and 850 females) in a completely randomized design composed of five treatments (- 3%, - 1.5%, reference, + 1.5% and + 3%), with 10 repetitions, totaling 50 experimental units; the reference treatment based on nutritional and energy levels indicated in previous studies was calculated from this. At 35 and 42 d, the temperatures of the wing, head, shin, back, and cloaca in males and females were measured separately, and the average surface and body temperature were calculated. At 42 d, relative weights of the gizzard, liver, heart, and small intestine were calculated. The temperatures of the wings, back, and cloaca, and consequently the average surface temperature and body temperatures, were not affected by nutritional plans. Effects of increasing the nutritional and energy levels were observed on liver weights, the gizzard, and the small intestine. We conclude that the nutritional plans did not affect body temperature. Males had higher body temperatures than females. Body temperature increased with increase in age, and the increase in the nutritional plans increased liver weight and reduced the gizzard weights.</p>

Effects of cold exposure and dehydration on renal function in black-tailed prairie dogs

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Hamilton ◽  
E. W. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Cynomys Ludovicianus ◽  
Prairie Dogs ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cold Room

Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) were deprived of food and water for several weeks during the fall and winter in a cold-room hibernaculum (Ta 5–8 degrees C), and for several days at room temperature during the summer. Body temperatures (Tb) were determined periodically in nine animals by radiotransmitters implanted in the abdomen. Animals deprived of food and water in the summer were killed when maximum urine concentration was achieved. Eight animals in the winter were active when killed after 7–35 days in the hibernaculum with Tb between 18 and 36 degrees C. Five animals that became torpid periodically in the winter were killed after 19–42 days in the hibernaculum when their Tb indicated torpor (Tb less than 13 degrees C). Active animals in the summer and winter possessed pronounced renal corticomedullary urea and sodium concentration gradients. Torpid animals lacked these gradients and had lower urine and plasma osmotic concentrations than active animals. Plasma urea values and terminal osmolal U/P ratios were lowest in torpid prairie dogs.

The Dynamics of Snake Harassment By Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs

Behaviour ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 103 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Loughry
Keyword(s):  
Functional Significance ◽  
Cynomys Ludovicianus ◽  
Prairie Dogs ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Potential Predator ◽  
Male Bias ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Differential Participation ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractDifferential participation by particular classes of individuals is likely to influence how we assess the functional significance of harassing. I examined encounters between black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) and snakes in both natural and experimentally-induced encounters and found substantial differences in how various age/sex classes of prairie dogs deal with snakes. Specifically, males spent more time close to snakes and in actively confronting these potential predators than did either females or pups. Fathers were not closer to snakes than were non-fathers, but fathers spent more time actively engaged in dealing with the snakes. Mothers and non-mothers did not differ markedly in how they dealt with snakes. Encounters with snakes occurred before and after the pups' first emergence from their natal burrows, but pup emergence did not alter the basic differences between males and females and fathers and non-fathers. Pup emergence did coincide with changes in the behavior of these classes, fathers barked less after pup emergence, and all classes with the exception of mothers were less positively oriented to snakes after pup emergence. However, the significance of these changes was not apparent. These results require that the functional significance of snake harassment by prairie dogs take into account this male bias in snake-directed behavior. Males are hypothesized to be less vulnerable to snakes than are pups and to have more at stake reproductively than do females. Fathers have more at stake reproductively than do non-fathers (although non-fathers may still be protecting mates) and thus should spend more time confronting and harassing snakes. This interpretation is founded on an understanding of the relationship between potential predator and potential prey and I conclude with a discussion of the appropriate description of this relationship.

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition on the body temperature and relative organ weights of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4575
Author(s):  
Julyana Machado da Silva Martins ◽  
Evandro De Abreu Fernandes ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Bueno ◽  
Carolina Magalhães Caires Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Heloisa Litz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Average Surface ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different nutritional plans on the body temperature and organ biometrics in male and female broilers, of two ages. Here, 1,700 birds were used (850 males and 850 females) in a completely randomized design composed of five treatments (- 3%, - 1.5%, reference, + 1.5% and + 3%), with 10 repetitions, totaling 50 experimental units; the reference treatment based on nutritional and energy levels indicated in previous studies was calculated from this. At 35 and 42 d, the temperatures of the wing, head, shin, back, and cloaca in males and females were measured separately, and the average surface and body temperature were calculated. At 42 d, relative weights of the gizzard, liver, heart, and small intestine were calculated. The temperatures of the wings, back, and cloaca, and consequently the average surface temperature and body temperatures, were not affected by nutritional plans. Effects of increasing the nutritional and energy levels were observed on liver weights, the gizzard, and the small intestine. We conclude that the nutritional plans did not affect body temperature. Males had higher body temperatures than females. Body temperature increased with increase in age, and the increase in the nutritional plans increased liver weight and reduced the gizzard weights.

Body temperature regulation and oxygen consumption in young chicks fed thyroid hormone

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1842-1847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory K. Snyder ◽  
Joseph R. Coelho ◽  
Dalan R. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Body Temperatures ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature ◽  
Young Chicks

In chicks the ability to regulate body temperature to adult levels develops during the first 2 weeks of life. We examined whether the ability of young chicks to regulate body temperature is increased by elevated levels of the thyroid hormone 3,3′5-triiodothyronine. By 13 days following hatch, body temperatures of chicks were not significantly different from those expected for adult birds. Furthermore, at an ambient temperature of 10 °C, 13-day-old control chicks were able to maintain body temperature, and elevated serum thyroid hormone levels did not increase rates of oxygen consumption or body temperature above control values. Six-day-old chicks had body temperatures that were significantly lower than those of the 13-day-old chicks and were not able to regulate body temperature when exposed to an ambient temperature of 10 °C. On the other hand, 6-day-old chicks with elevated serum thyroid hormone had significantly higher rates of oxygen consumption than 6-day-old control chicks, and were able to maintain constant body temperatures during cold exposure. The increased oxygen consumption rates and improved ability to regulate body temperature during cold exposure were correlated with increased citrate synthase activity in skeletal muscle. Our results support the argument that thyroid hormones play an important role in the development of thermoregulatory ability in neonate birds by stimulating enzyme activities associated with aerobic metabolism.

scholarly journals Anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma in three black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao MATSUMOTO ◽  
James Kenn CHAMBERS ◽  
Yasutsugu MIWA ◽  
Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA ◽  
Kazuyuki UCHIDA
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
T Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Cynomys Ludovicianus ◽  
Prairie Dogs
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