Ecological energetics of Palaearctic Tetraonidae in relation to chemical composition and digestibility of their winter diets

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1382-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Physiological Level ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Ecological Energetics ◽  
Winter Diets ◽  
The Relationship

Parameters of digestion and energetics of free-living grouse were plotted against body mass to determine whether a general relationship exists between quantitative food intake, digestibility, and energy demands of individuals of different sizes, and to clarify the relationship between chemical composition of the diet and individual energetic demands of different species. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between each of the parameters (except dry mass of caecal faeces) and body mass, reflecting a relationship between differences in chemical composition of the browse in the diets and its digestibility. Modelling intermediary metabolism in three grouse species revealed that about 50% of metabolizable energy originated from carbohydrate oxidation; the rest was shared among fiber (9–35%), protein (9–14%), and crude fat (12–25%). The more nitrogen in the diet, the higher were estimates of total digestibility, as well as those of fiber and fat. A generalized model of nitrogen demands of individuals is proposed and predictions from the model are compared with particular determinations based upon actual data from different species. The digestibility of natural grouse diets, and consequently available energy, is essentially dependent upon the concentration of protein in the diet. This suggests that it is necessary for grouse to exceed the minimal physiological level of nitrogen intake, not only to create reserves, but also to function effectively in the presumed need to detoxify and digest those fractions of the diet that are difficult to absorb.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Kazimov ◽  
R. Kh. Aliyevа ◽  
V. M. Kazimova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Ration ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Normal Mass ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. Identification of the relationship between the state of physical development and the peculiarity of nutrition of students of theAzerbaijanMedicalUniversity.Material and Methods. Measurement of anthropometric indicators of the students of the 2nd and 5th courses was carried out by the currently known methods. Calculation methods were used to determine sigma deviation, Broca index, body mass index, vital index. The features of student nutrition are studied using the questionnaire-method. Based on the collected questionnaires, the number of macronutrients (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) in the daily ration and its energy value are calculated from the table of the chemical composition of the products.Results. The gender difference in the actual indicators of physical development and the number of macronutrients used in the diets is stated. The largest number of students with normal mass-scale indicators are defined among the girls of the 2nd year and boys of the 5th year. The content of macronutrients in the diets of these students corresponded to the standards and was confirmed by the values of the body mass index.Comparison of the physical development and the chemical composition of the daily ration indicates that the nutritional status of students, in particular, for young men of the 2nd year (25%) and girls of the 5th year (more than 30%), is inefficient. Excessive fat content in the daily ration and the scarce supply of other macronutrients to the body of students gives grounds for developing recommendations on dietary nutrition.

scholarly journals Resting metabolic rate and morphology in mice (Mus musculus) selected for high and low food intake

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 777-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Selman ◽  
S. Lumsden ◽  
L. Bunger ◽  
W.G. Hill ◽  
J.R. Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Intestine Length ◽  
Body Components ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and various morphological parameters in non-breeding mice, selected for high and low food intake corrected for body mass. RMR was measured at 30 degrees C, and mice were subsequently killed and dissected into 19 body components. High-food-intake mice had significantly greater body masses and a significantly elevated RMR compared with the low-intake mice. Data pooled across strains indicated that body mass, sex and strain together explained over 56 % of the observed variation in RMR. The effects of strain and sex on RMR and tissue morphology were removed, and three separate statistical analyses to investigate the relationship between RMR and organ morphology were performed: (i) employing individual regression analysis with each tissue component as a separate predictor against RMR; (ii) individual regression analysis with residual organ mass against residual RMR (i.e. with strain, sex and body mass effects removed); and (iii) pooling of some organ masses into functional groupings to reduce the number of predictors. Liver mass was the most significant morphological trait linked to differences in RMR. Small intestine length was significantly greater in the high-intake line; however, no difference was observed between strains in the dry mass of this organ, and there was no evidence to associate variability in the mass of the alimentary tract with variability in RMR. The effects of strain on RMR independent of the effect on body mass were consistent with the anticipated effect from the strain differences in the size of the liver.

The nutritive value of roughages for sheep II. The relationship between the gross digestible energy and the chemical composition of silages

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Walker ◽  
W. R. Hepburn
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

1. The relationship existing between the gross digestible energy content and the chemical composition of twenty-four silages has been studied with nine Cheviot wether lambs over a period of 8 months.2. Silages were made from grassland herbage and varied widely in the chemical composition of the ingoing material.3. Each silage was fed to a group of three lambs for a 10-day preliminary- and a 9-day collectionperiod. Faeces and urine were collected in metabolism crates.4. The silages were analysed for volatile acids and bases, for proximate nutrients and for some of the more precise chemical constituents as suggested in the scheme of analysis of Ferguson (1948).5. A close relationship existed between the gross digestible energy contents of the silages and the lignin (Ellis) content.6. The most accurate prediction of gross digestible energy was obtained by taking into account the content of lignin (Ellis), cellulose (Crampton & Maynard) and crude protein, in the silage.7. In the case of hays (Walker & Hepburn, 1955) no increase in the accuracy of predicting gross digestible energy was obtained by estimating the lignin and cellulose content, rather than crude fibre alone. However, with silages the results give support to the opinion of Mitchell (1942) and Schneider et al. (1951) that analysis for more precise chemical constituents will increase the accuracy of predicting digestibility.8. Crude fibre and cellulose were not related in any fixed way with the digestibility of energy. Crude fibre itself was digested to some 80% compared with 62% in hays.9. Metabolizable energy was closely related to digestible energy.10. The starch equivalents of the silages were calculated by conventional methods and also from the content of gross digestible energy.

scholarly journals 223 Evaluation of dietary characteristics and empty body chemical components affecting the relationship between heat production and metabolizable energy intake in growing beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 158-159
Author(s):  
Phillip A Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Metabolizable energy required for maintenance varies with diet and empty body chemical composition. The objective was to quantify the relationships of dietary characteristics and empty body chemical composition with heat production. A literature search was performed to compile data (31 studies, 214 treatment means) on metabolizable energy intake (MEI) and composition of empty body gain in growing steers and heifers. Data analysis were performed using R statistical package for mixed models with study as random variable. Nonlinear regression of energy gain (EG) on MEI indicated the relationship was not curvilinear in this data set, likely due to lack of negative values of EG. Further analyses were conducted using a linear model. Dietary characteristics of roughage level (0–100% of diet DM) and CP (10–25% diet DM), metabolizable energy concentration (1.3–3.3 Mcal/kg DM), and roughage type were evaluated in the model. Roughage sources were categorized into no roughage, silage, hay, pellets, silage + pellets, and hay + pellets. Of the empty body chemical components, proportion of fat in the empty body (EBFp) and in the gain (EBFgp) had a significant (P < 0.001) interaction with MEI on HP. Of the dietary characteristics, roughage level and type had a significant (P < 0.001) interaction with MEI on HP; however, when both were included in the model, roughage type was not significant (P > 0.10). The final model was 47.01 ± 12.54 + 0.630 ± 0.05*MEI – 132.3 ± 64.7*EBFp + 0.0007 ± 0.0001*MEI*Roughage level + 0.753 ± 0.24*MEI*EBFp – 0.268 ± 0.032*MEI*EBFgp with an R2 of 0.919 and an AIC of 1614 compared with 0.867 and 1695 for the simple linear regression model of HP on MEI. In conclusion, greater empty body fat decreased the intercept, and greater empty body fat proportion and levels of roughage in the diet increased the slope between HP and MEI, whereas greater percentage of fat in the empty body gain decreased the slope between HP and MEI.

Application Of Electron Probe Analyses Of Minerals In Discussing The Relationship Between Ductile Deformation And Metamorphism

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
Fan Guochuan ◽  
Sun Zhongshi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Granulite Facies ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Ductile Shear ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ductile Shear Deformation

Under influence of ductile shear deformation, granulite facies mineral paragenesis underwent metamorphism and changes in chemical composition. The present paper discusses some changes in chemical composition of garnet in hypers thene_absent felsic gnesiss and of hypersthene in rock in early and late granulite facies undergone increasing ductile shear deformation .In garnet fetsic geniss, band structures were formed because of partial melting and resulted in zoning from massive⟶transitional⟶melanocrate zones in increasing deformed sequence. The electron-probe analyses for garnet in these zones are listed in table 1 . The Table shows that Mno, Cao contents in garnet decrease swiftly from slightly to intensely deformed zones.In slightly and moderately deformed zones, Mgo contents keep unchanged and Feo is slightly lower. In intensely deformed zone, Mgo contents increase, indicating a higher temperature. This is in accord with the general rule that Mgo contents in garnet increase with rising temperature.

Relationship between Leptin Concentration in Cord Blood and Foetal Growth and Maternal Anthropometry of GDM Mothers at Delivery

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
S Jahan ◽  
TR Das ◽  
KB Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Cord Serum ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Aims: Cord blood leptin may reflect the leptinemic status of a newborn at birth more accurately than the leptin values of blood collected from other sites. The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship of cord serum leptin concentration at birth with neonatal and maternal anthropometric parameters. Materials and Methods: Blood was taken from the umbilical cord of the babies at delivery. Maternal anthropometric measurements were recorded at admission for delivery. Neonatal anthropometric measurements were recorded within 48 hours after delivery. Linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between cord serum leptin concentration and anthropometric parameters of the baby and the mother. Both Serum leptin and serum C-peptide levels were measured by chemiluminescence-based ELISA method. Results: The leptin concentration (ng/ml, mean±SD) in cord blood was 39.13±14.44. Cord leptin levels correlated with birth weight (r=0.673, p<0.0001), ponderal index (r=0.732, p<0.0001) but it did not correlate with maternal body mass index, gestational age (r=0.135, p=0.349) at delivery or cord serum C-peptide concentration (r=-0.049, p=0.735) or placental weight (r=0.203, p=0.157). Conclusion: There are associations between cord leptin concentration at delivery and birth weight, ponderal index (PI) of the babies but not body mass index (BMI) of the mothers. High leptin levels of the baby could represent an important feedback modulator of substrate supply and subsequently for adipose tissue status during late gestation. (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2007; 25 : 9-13)

scholarly journals Prediction of metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal for broiler chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edney Pereira da Silva ◽  
Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Jorge Victor Ludke ◽  
Michele Bernardino de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Gross Energy

This research aimed at generating and evaluating prediction equations to estimate metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal. The used information refers to values of apparent and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) and for chemical composition of poultry offal meal. The literature review only included published papers on poultry offal meal developed in Brazil, and that had AMEn and TMEn values obtained by the total excreta collection method from growing broiler chickens and the chemical composition in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The general equation obtained to estimate AMEn values of poultry offal meal was: AMEn = -2315.69 + 31.4439(CP) + 29.7697(MM) + 0.7689(GE) - 49.3611(Ca), R² = 72%. For meals with high fat contents (higher than 15%) and low mineral matter contents (lower than 10%), it is suggest the use of the equation AMEn = + 3245.07 + 46.8428(EE), R² = 76%, and for meals with high mineral matter content (higher than 10%), it is suggest the equations AMEn = 4059.15 - 440.397(P), R² = 82%. To estimate values of TMEn, it is suggested for meals with high mineral matter content the equation: TMEn = 5092.57 - 115.647(MM), R² = 78%, and for those with low contents of this component, the option is the equation: TMEn = 3617.83 - 15.7988(CP) - 18.2323(EE) - 96.3884(MM) + 0.4874(GE), R² = 76%.

scholarly journals Combination of sleep duration, TV time and body mass index is associated with cardiometabolic risk moderated by age in youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Sehn ◽  
Anelise R. Gaya ◽  
Caroline Brand ◽  
Arieli F. Dias ◽  
Roya Kelishadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Television Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

AbstractObjectivesThe combination of sleep duration, television (TV) time and body mass index (BMI) may be related to the alteration of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are few studies that use these variables grouped, and showing the moderating role of age. This study aimed to verify if the combination of sleep duration, TV time and BMI is associated with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age in this relationship in youth.MethodsCross-sectional study conducted with 1411 adolescents (611 male), aged 10–17 years. Sleep duration, TV time and BMI were assessed and grouped into eight categories. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by a continuous metabolic risk score, including the following variables: low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, dysglycemia, high systolic blood pressure, high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized linear models were used to test moderation of age in the relationship between the eight categories of sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk.ResultsCardiometabolic risk factor showed association with all overweight or obesity independent of sleep time and TV time. Age moderated the relationship between sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. This association was stronger in younger adolescents (11 and 13 years), indicating that individuals with inadequate sleep, prolonged TV time and overweight/obesity present higher cardiometabolic risk values when compared to 15-year-old adolescents.ConclusionOverweight/obesity, independently of sleep duration and TV time, is the main risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders in adolescence. When moderated by age, younger adolescents that presented the combination of risk factors had higher cardiometabolic risk.

scholarly journals Energy-Constrained Design of Joint NOMA-Diversity Schemes with Imperfect Interference Cancellation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4194
Author(s):  
Fulvio Babich ◽  
Giulia Buttazzoni ◽  
Francesca Vatta ◽  
Massimiliano Comisso
Keyword(s):  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Code Modulation ◽  
Energy Constrained ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Internet Of Things

This study proposes a set of novel random access protocols combining Packet Repetition (PR) schemes, such as Contention Resolution Diversity Slotted Aloha (CRDSA) and Irregular Repetition SA (IRSA), with Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA). Differently from previous NOMA/CRDSA and NOMA/IRSA proposals, this work analytically derives the energy levels considering two realistic elements: the residual interference due to imperfect Interference Cancellation (IC), and the presence of requirements on the power spent for the transmission. More precisely, the energy-limited scenario is based on the relationship between the average available energy and the selected code modulation pair, thus being of specific interest for the implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology in forthcoming fifth-generation (5G) systems. Moreover, a theoretical model based on the density evolution method is developed and numerically validated by extensive simulations to evaluate the limiting throughput and to explore the actual performance of different NOMA/PR schemes in energy-constrained scenarios.

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