Millipeds (Diplopoda) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2640-2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Shear ◽  
Stewart B. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
First Time

Six species of millipeds are reported for the first time from the Galapagos Islands, raising the known diplopod fauna to eight species. Agenodesmus nullus n.sp. is described (Furhmannodesmidae). Six members of the fauna are in the eyeless order Polydesmida, and one species each are in the orders Polyxenida and Polyzoniida. Most species were probably introduced by man. Only Nesodesmus insulanus Chamberlin may be naturally occurring and endemic.

Diversity and distribution of the orthopteroid insects of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1497-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart B. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Surface Transport ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Ecological Complexity ◽  
Tropical America ◽  
Orthopteroid Insects

New fieldwork has brought the entire "orthopteroid" fauna of the Galápagos Islands to a total of 57 species, in 37 genera, and 7 insect orders. Identification keys and distributional details are given for the 24 species in the order Orthoptera (s.str.) (Ensifera and Caelifera). Of these, 19 species (and 2 genera) are endemic, 2 species are native (naturally occurring elsewhere in tropical America), and 3 species are presumed to have been introduced by humans. It is assumed that ancestral natural colonizations occurred through the air by flying ancestors or through rafting and ocean-surface transport by flightless ancestors (in Gryllidae; Nemobiinae and Mogoplistinae). Of the indigenous (non-introduced) species, 71% of Orthoptera (s.str.) and 72% of all orthopteroids of the Galápagos Islands are now flightless in one or both sexes. Considering the richness of the total orthopteroid fauna in mainland Ecuador, the island fauna is very highly impoverished. Evolution and diversification are modest in the Galápagos orthopteroids compared with some other plants and animals. Some species (probably descendant from coastal arid zone ancestors) are now limited to either moist highland or cave habitats. Species richness is significantly positively correlated with island ecological complexity and island area.

New shallow-water sponges (Porifera) from the Galápagos Islands

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5012 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-71
Author(s):  
CARINA SIM-SMITH ◽  
CLEVELAND HICKMAN, JR ◽  
MICHELLE KELLY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
First Time

Twenty-five new species of shallow-water sponges are described from the Galápagos Islands, a province of Ecuador in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Sponges were photographed in situ and collected by SCUBA divers between 2001 and 2004. New species include: Acanthancora equiformis sp. nov., Acanthella saladinorum sp. nov., Cacospongia hermanorum sp. nov., Cinachyrella solis sp. nov., Ciocalypta bustamanti sp. nov., Clathria (Microciona) stellata sp. nov., Clathrina andreusi sp. nov., Craniella lissi sp. nov., Dragmacidon raeae sp. nov., Dragmacidon hendersoni sp. nov., Haliclona (Haliclona) clairae sp. nov., Haliclona (Haliclona) dianae sp. nov., Haliclona (Reniera) oberi sp. nov., Haliclona (Soestella) spuma sp. nov., Haliclona (Soestella) roslynae sp. nov., Hemimycale harlequinus sp. nov., Hemimycale nathani sp. nov., Higginsia johannae sp. nov., Neopetrosia eructans sp. nov., Leucilla agitata sp. nov., Penares angeli sp. nov., Prosuberites vansoesti sp. nov., Suberea esmerelda sp. nov., Tethya annona sp. nov. and Tethya sorbetus sp. nov. In addition, three species have been recorded for the first time from the Galápagos Islands: Chalinula cf. molitba (De Laubenfels, 1949), Chelonaplysilla violacea (Von Lendenfeld, 1883) and Tedania (Tedania) tropicalis Aguilar-Camacho, Carballo & Cruz-Barraza, 2018. This paper represents a significant contribution to our knowledge of the Porifera of the Galápagos Islands.

scholarly journals The genus Parmotrema (Parmeliaceae, lecanoromycetes) in the Galapagos Islands

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Bungartz ◽  
Adriano A. Spielmann
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
First Time

AbstractAs part of an ongoing comprehensive inventory of all Galapagos lichens, the genus Parmotrema has been revised. In Galapagos this genus is represented by thirty-five species, seven described as new to science: Parmotrema cactacearum, P. erectociliatum, P. lawreyi, P. marcellianum, P. pustulotinctum, P. saxoisidiatum and P. weberi. Parmotrema weberi, although previously informally recognized by Mason E. Hale, is now formally described here, the name thus validated. Reports of four species are doubtful or incorrect. Nine species are reported from the Galapagos for the first time, seven of those being also new for Ecuador. Parmotrema cooperi, previously known only from Central America, is now also reported from South America. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are provided for all thirty-five species, together with a dichotomic key for their identification. Diagnostic differences are discussed. If all newly described species are confirmed as endemic to the archipelago, the proportion of endemism within Parmotrema appears to be similar to most other groups of lichens recently reviewed.

The Chloropidae (Diptera) of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador

2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Forrest ◽  
Terry Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
First Time

AbstractThirteen species of Chloropidae are recorded from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Seven new species are described: Diplotoxa loma sp. n. (subfamily Chloropinae); Conioscinella empheria sp. n.; Gaurax gethosyne sp. n.; Hippelates alyscus sp. n.; Liohippelates baptipalpis sp. n.; Olcella anaclasta sp. n.; Olcella lupina sp. n. (subfamily Oscinellinae). Another species in the genus Apallates is apparently undescribed, but there is insufficient information to justify a formal description. Monochaetoscinella anonyma is recorded for the first time from the archipelago. Four species previously recorded from the archipelago were also identified: Cadrema pallida; Conioscinella galapagensis; Elachiptera cultrata; Liohippelates galapagensis. Previously published Galápagos records of Liohippelates pusio apparently refer to L. galapagensis. A key to the Galápagos species of Chloropidae is given. Geographic affinities of the Galápagos chloropid fauna are similar to those of other Diptera from the archipelago, with few pantropical species, some species also found in the northern Neotropical and southern Nearctic regions, and endemic species apparently with Neotropical sister groups.

New records of decapod crustaceans in the eastern Pacific

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel E. Hendrickx ◽  
Mary K. Wicksten
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
New Records ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
First Time

New records are provided for four species of decapod crustaceans in the eastern Pacific. Hymenopenaeus nereus (Faxon, 1893) was collected further north and further from the coast than previously known. The distribution of Heterocarpus hostilis Faxon, 1893 is extended from off Panama to off Mexico. Parhippolyte cavernicola Wicksten, 1996, previously known only from the type locality in the Gulf of California, Mexico, has been found in a cave in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Moloha faxoni (Schmitt, 1921) is reported for the first time within the Gulf of California, Mexico.

The pholcid spiders of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae)

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis J. Gertsch ◽  
Stewart B. Peck
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Santa Fe ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Santa Cruz Island ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
New Synonym ◽  
Stridulatory Apparatus ◽  
Parapatric Speciation ◽  
First Time

The 12 known species of the family Pholcidae in the Galápagos Islands are diagnosed, illustrated, and assigned to six genera as follows: Coryssocnemis conica Banks (for which a lectotype is designated), known from many islands; Coryssocnemis insularis Banks (for which a lectotype is designated), known from five islands; Coryssocnemis jarmila new species, a troglobite from Santa Cruz Island; Coryssocnemis floreana new species, a troglobite from Floreana Island; Hedypsilus culicinus Simon (for which a lectotype is designated), from Santa Cruz and San Cristóbal islands; Hedypsilus modicus new species, from San Cristóbal and Santiago islands (Modisimops Mello-Leitão is a NEW SYNONYM of Hedypsilus); Modisimus solus new species, from Santa Cruz Island; Pholcophora bella new species, from Santa Cruz Island; Pholcophora baerti new species, from Santa Fe and Pinta; Anopsicus banksi (Gertsch) from Floreana Island; Metagonia bellavista new species, a troglobite from Santa Cruz Island; and Metagonia reederi new species, a troglobite from Isabela Island. All are endemic to the islands, except H. culicinus, which is probably introduced. A stridulatory apparatus is reported on females of the genus Coryssocnemis for the first time. The troglobitic species of Coryssocnemis may have originated by parapatric speciation processes; the troglobitic species of Metagonia are relicts. In the troglobites the female epigynal characters are more differentiated than male palpal characters. A minimum of eight ancestral colonizations founded the Galápagos pholcid fauna.

scholarly journals The Thomisidae and Philodromidae (Araneae) of the Galápagos Islands (Ecuador)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Baert
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
First Time

Two new species of Thomisidae are described (Mecaphesa reddelli sp. nov. and Tmarus galapagosensis sp. nov.). Of a third species, Mecaphesa inclusa (Banks, 1902), three colour variations are described. Tmarus specimens previously listed from the islands have always erroneously been called T. stolzmanni Keyserling, 1880. The Philodromidae are mentioned for the first time for the archipelago and are represented by two new species: Apollophanes fitzroyi sp. nov. and Apollophanes (?) lonesome-georgei sp. nov. 

A review of the Neuroptera of the Galápagos Islands with a new record for Sympherobius barberi (Banks) (Hemerobiidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 3032-3040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Klimaszewski ◽  
D. K. McE. Kevan ◽  
Stewart B. Peck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
New Record ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
First Record ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
First Time

A checklist of species of Neuroptera described and (or) recorded from the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador, is presented together with a review of existing records. Sympherobius barberi (Banks) is recorded from the Galápagos Islands for the first time. This also constitutes the first record of the genus Sympherobius from the islands. Comparisons have been made between the Galápagos specimens, the type specimen of the species, and specimens from Peru, Mexico, and the southern United States of America. Illustrations of habitus and genitalic structures, as well as a diagnosis and a discussion of the species are also given. Additional distributional data and illustrations are provided for Chrysopa wollebaeki Esben-Petersen, Megalomus darwini Banks, and Myrmeleon perpilosus Banks. A lectotype is designated for Megalomus darwini Banks. Keys for identification are given for all species known from the islands.

Hybotidae of the Galápagos Islands (Diptera: Empidoidea: Tachydromiinae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 156 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Bradley J. Sinclair ◽  
Jeffrey M. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Female Specimen ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species ◽  
World Fauna

Three genera (Isodrapetis Collin, Chersodromia Walker, Elaphropeza Macquart) and six species of Tachydromiinae (Hybotidae) are recorded from the Galápagos Islands. One new species of Isodrapetis (I. meridionalis sp. n.) and three new species of Chersodromia (C. floreana sp. n., C. galapagensis sp. n., C. isabela sp. n.) are described. Elaphropeza zonalis (Curran) is redescribed and a fourth species of Chersodromia is identified based on a single female specimen. A key to all Galápagos species is provided. Isodrapetis is recorded for the first time outside of New Zealand. The affinities of the Galápagos Tachydromiinae to the New World fauna are discussed.

Nanoplankton from the Galapagos Islands: michaelsarsia elegans gran and halopappus adriaticus schiller (coccolithophorids) with special reference to coccoliths and their unmineralized components

1984 ◽  
Vol 305 (1123) ◽  
pp. 183-199 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
The Body ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Biological Concepts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Whole Mounts ◽  
Made In

Marine plankton flagellates attributable to Michaelsarsia elegans Gran (type species of its genus) and Halopappus adriaticus Schiller (sensu Gaarder) have been investigated by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy supplementing light microscopy of dry whole mounts prepared in situ in the Galapagos Islands. Some external features, notably coccolith arrangement, have been re-interpreted, and information on others added or amplified. Some of the new details include the body coccoliths, which have been shown to be more complex than previously supposed, the bar-crystallites in particular being compound in both taxa. In addition, unmineralized components are shown to be present in all types of coccolith. They include patternless membranes spread across the proximal faces of body coccoliths and occupying the apparently vacant centres of ring-shaped coccoliths, while a highly characteristic, fragile, reticulum is limited to the central areas of the elongated appendage links in both taxa. The impact of these findings on general biological concepts is discussed in a preliminary way, drawing on cognate data previously published for Ophiaster and Calciopappus . It is concluded that the presence of apical appendages (anterior or posterior) in each of these genera is an independently acquired adaptation to some as yet unknown environmental factor or factors, whereas coccolith substructure is phyletically more meaningful. This indicates that Michael-sarsia , to which H. adriaticus should be transferred, is more remote from the other two genera than has hitherto been supposed. Finally an attempt has been made, in the light of aff the evidence, to assess for the first time the possible functional significance of the unmineralized coccolith components and some constructive suggestions have been tentatively formulated. The paper ends with a factual summary in the form of revised taxonomic diagnoses for M. elegans , M. adriaticus and the genus Michaelsarsia .

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