Rival male effects on courtship behaviour in the Enos Lake species pair of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1951-1955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Ridgway ◽  
J. D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Benthic Fish ◽  
Species Pair ◽  
Habitat Differences ◽  
Rival Male ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Behavioural Adaptations

Two species of stickleback (Gasterosteus) coexist in Enos Lake, on Vancouver Island. Field observations and trapping data indicate that limnetic males nest on open substrate whereas benthic males nest on substrate in vegetation. Given these habitat differences, we conducted laboratory experiments to determine the effect of conspecific rival nesting males on the courtship behaviour of the two species. Courtships of limnetic fish were longer in duration than those of benthic fish because of longer territorial interactions between limnetic males. Limnetic females, and not benthic females, reduced their positive responses to their male partner when a rival male was present. The cost of competitive courtship, in terms of male competition and female choice, is thus greater in limnetics than benthics. Differences in competitive courtship between the two species are behavioural adaptations to habitats that promote (open habitat, limnetics) or reduce (vegetation, benthics) courtship disruptions.

Ecology and evolution of sympatric sticklebacks (Gasterosteus): mate choice and reproductive isolation in the Enos Lake species pair

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 1813-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Ridgway ◽  
J. D. McPhail
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Male Courtship ◽  
Species Pair ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Early Phases

Morphological, genetic, and ecological evidence indicates that two species of sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) coexist in Enos Lake, Vancouver Island. These species are referred to as benthics and limnetics (the names allude to their foraging behaviour and distribution within the lake). Field observations, mate choice experiments, and courtship experiments were conducted to determine if courtship behaviour contributes to reproductive isolation between these two species. Reproductive males and females of both species regularly encounter each other in nature and occasional heterospecific courtships occur. In laboratory mate choice experiments, males and females of both species selected only conspecific mates. In forced courtship experiments, behavioural differences between limnetics and benthics were more pronounced in the early phases of courtship than in the late phases of courtship. Some aspects of male courtship changed with the species of female courted; this suggests that males can distinguish the two types of females. The courtship differences between the two species appear to contribute to their reproductive isolation.

scholarly journals Hydraulic transmissivity inferred from ice-sheet relaxation following Greenland supraglacial lake drainages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Yao Lai ◽  
Laura A. Stevens ◽  
Danielle L. Chase ◽  
Timothy T. Creyts ◽  
Mark D. Behn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Surface Uplift ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Lake Drainage ◽  
Magnitude Increase

AbstractSurface meltwater reaching the base of the Greenland Ice Sheet transits through drainage networks, modulating the flow of the ice sheet. Dye and gas-tracing studies conducted in the western margin sector of the ice sheet have directly observed drainage efficiency to evolve seasonally along the drainage pathway. However, the local evolution of drainage systems further inland, where ice thicknesses exceed 1000 m, remains largely unknown. Here, we infer drainage system transmissivity based on surface uplift relaxation following rapid lake drainage events. Combining field observations of five lake drainage events with a mathematical model and laboratory experiments, we show that the surface uplift decreases exponentially with time, as the water in the blister formed beneath the drained lake permeates through the subglacial drainage system. This deflation obeys a universal relaxation law with a timescale that reveals hydraulic transmissivity and indicates a two-order-of-magnitude increase in subglacial transmissivity (from 0.8 ± 0.3 $${\rm{m}}{{\rm{m}}}^{3}$$ m m 3 to 215 ± 90.2 $${\rm{m}}{{\rm{m}}}^{3}$$ m m 3 ) as the melt season progresses, suggesting significant changes in basal hydrology beneath the lakes driven by seasonal meltwater input.

Planktivory by alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) on microcrustacean zooplankton and dreissenid (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) veligers in southern Lake Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Mills ◽  
Connie Adams ◽  
Robert O'Gorman ◽  
Randall W. Owens ◽  
Edward F. Roseman
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
South Shore ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Veliger Larvae

The objective of this study was to describe the diet of young-of-the-year and adult alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in nearshore waters coincident with the colonization of Lake Ontario by Dreissena. Laboratory experiments and field observations indicated that alewife and rainbow smelt consumed dreissenid veligers and that the veligers remained intact and identifiable in the digestive tract for several hours. Dreissenid larvae were found in field-caught alewife and rainbow smelt in August 1992, even though veliger densities were low (<0.1/L). Zooplankton dominated the diet of all fish and veliger larvae were <0.1% of the biomass of prey eaten by these fish. Density of veligers and the distribution of settled dreissenids declined from west to east along the south shore of Lake Ontario. Based on veliger consumption rates we measured and the abundance of veligers and planktivores, we conclude that planktivory by alewife and smelt in the nearshore waters of Lake Ontario did not substantially reduce the number of veligers during 1991–1993. However, our results indicate that if the density of veligers in Lake Ontario decreases, and if planktivores remain abundant, planktivory on veliger populations could be significant.

scholarly journals A sink host allows a specialist herbivore to persist in a seasonal source

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1958) ◽  
pp. 20211604
Author(s):  
Alicja Laska ◽  
Sara Magalhães ◽  
Mariusz Lewandowski ◽  
Ewa Puchalska ◽  
Kamila Karpicka-Ignatowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Specialist Herbivore ◽  
Negative Growth Rate ◽  
Evolutionary Rescue ◽  
Main Host ◽  
Negative Growth

In seasonal environments, sinks that are more persistent than sources may serve as temporal stepping stones for specialists. However, this possibility has to our knowledge, not been demonstrated to date, as such environments are thought to select for generalists, and the role of sinks, both in the field and in the laboratory, is difficult to document. Here, we used laboratory experiments to show that herbivorous arthropods associated with seasonally absent main (source) habitats can endure on a suboptimal (sink) host for several generations, albeit with a negative growth rate. Additionally, they dispersed towards this host less often than towards the main host and accepted it less often than the main host. Finally, repeated experimental evolution attempts revealed no adaptation to the suboptimal host. Nevertheless, field observations showed that arthropods are found in suboptimal habitats when the main habitat is unavailable. Together, these results show that evolutionary rescue in the suboptimal habitat is not possible. Instead, the sink habitat functions as a temporal stepping stone, allowing for the persistence of a specialist when the source habitat is gone.

scholarly journals Comparison of System Methods (Table Form) With Semi Systems from Cost Aspects in the Apartment Meikarta Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Anjas Handayani ◽  
Komarul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Unit Price ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Efficient Planning ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Work Table

Meikarta Apartment Project at the beginning of the implementation of the method that is used is a formwork system so that the spring mounting groove formwork and casting becomes inhibited. With some consideration, the formwork method was changed from the Semi si stem method to the System (Table Form). Therefore an analysis of costs and time in formwork planning is carried out in order to obtain effective and efficient planning results. At this stage begins with field observations, literature studies include information gathering, problem formulation activities, primary and secondary data and data analysis processing with the Analysis of SNI Work Unit Price (AHS-SNI) 2018 To produce the price of formwork work which includes wages, materials and tool. Based on the results of the analysis carried out on each formwork method, it was concluded that the Cost of Formwork System Work (Table Form) is cheaper compared to Semi system. The total cost of work using the Semi system as much as Rp. 4,837,286,252.27 While using formwork System (Table Form) as much as Rp. 3,724,594,795.77. This shows that work using the System (Table Form) is cheaper by Rp. 1,112,691,456.50 or around 23%.

scholarly journals Male guppies change courtship behaviour in response to their own quality relative to that of a rival male

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Yoshikawa ◽  
Yusaku Ohkubo ◽  
Kenji Karino ◽  
Eisuke Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Rival Male
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document