Brood territories in buffleheads: determinants and correlates of territory size

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1402-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
First Year ◽  
Food Density ◽  
Proximate Determinant ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Duckling Survival ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

In most species of ducks, only females tend the brood, and they do not defend brood territories. However, in buffleheads (Bucephala albeola), females strongly defend brood territories. I examined factors affecting territory size of broods, and their consequences for growth rate and survival of ducklings. Brood density tended to be higher on ponds with higher food density. Territory size was inversely correlated with both food abundance in the territory and brood density on the pond. The slope of the relationship between territory size and food did not differ significantly from −1, the slope expected if females adjust territory size to maintain a constant food supply. Partial correlation analysis, however, revealed that brood density may be a more important proximate determinant of territory size than food. Growth rates of ducklings were not affected by food density but were depressed at high brood density in one year. Duckling survival increased with food density in the first year but was depressed at high brood density in the next. I suggest that females select a brood territory and that the size of that territory varies according to both food and brood density. This apparently buffers the effects of variation in food and brood density on growth and survival of ducklings.

Temporal distance and blood donation intention

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soe Yoon Choi ◽  
Hee Sun Park ◽  
Ju Yeon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Donation Intention ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Relationship

This study tested Construal Level Theory and examined social desirability and cultural differences as factors affecting blood donation intention across different time frames. Findings showed that individuals indicated stronger intentions for the distant future (one-year and no-time indication frames) than for the near future (one-week and three-month frames). The relationship between social desirability rating of blood donation and intention was positive and significant for the no-time indication frame, but it was not significant for the one-week time frame and the three-month time frame. Koreans and Americans did not differ in the relationship between social desirability and intentions across different time frames.

Abstract WMP103: Epilepsy is Associated With Poorer Neurologic Outcome After Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine K Fox ◽  
Lori C Jordan ◽  
Mark T Mackay ◽  
Gabrielle deVeber ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neurologic Outcome ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stroke Outcome ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
One Year ◽  
Active Epilepsy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Post-stroke epilepsy is common in children, but the relationship of childhood epilepsy with stroke outcome is poorly understood. Hypothesis: Children with epilepsy after arterial ischemic stroke have worse outcomes than those without epilepsy. Methods: We prospectively enrolled children (birth-18 years) with arterial ischemic stroke and identified remote seizures (occurring ≥ 7 days post-stroke). At one-year, patients with active epilepsy (≥ 1 remote seizure + maintenance anti-convulsant) were identified and Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM) was scored. Total PSOM scores range from 0-10; higher values reflect more severe neurologic deficits. Ordinal logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between clinical factors and PSOM scores. PSOM scores were categorized 0-1, 1.5-3, 3.5-6, 6.5-10 to depict stratified distribution. Results: Among 94 children (54% male; 20% Hispanic; 25% neonatal strokes; median age for childhood strokes 6.1 years, IQR 1.3-12), 12 had ≥ 1 remote seizure during the first year post-stroke. At one-year follow-up, 19 children were taking a maintenance anti-convulsant and 10 children had active epilepsy. Median PSOM score at one-year for the overall cohort was 0.5 (IQR 0-1.5). Median PSOM score among children with active epilepsy was 3.3 (IQR 0.5-6). Figure demonstrates distribution of categorized PSOM scores stratified by the presence of active epilepsy. On univariable regression analyses, older age (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.1, P=0.02), maintenance anti-convulsant at one-year (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.0-7.0, P=0.04) and active epilepsy (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.7-25, P=0.007) were associated with higher total PSOM scores. After multivariable adjustment for age and maintenance anti-convulsant, active epilepsy remained associated with higher total PSOM score (OR 7.8, 95% CI 1.3-46, P=0.02). Conclusions: Active epilepsy one-year after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke is associated with poorer neurologic outcome.

scholarly journals Maternal smoking during pregnancy and asthma during the first year of life: a comparative study between smokers and non-smoker mothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Cristina Rivas Juesas ◽  
Lucia Fernández Monge ◽  
Ana Delgado Vicente ◽  
Ana Ledo García ◽  
Maribel Giner Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
First Year ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking In Pregnancy ◽  
Smoking Group ◽  
One Year ◽  
Care Problems ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: We investigated the relationship between maternal smoking in pregnancy and health care problems in the offspring during the first year of life, particularly asthma.Material and Methods: A cohort of 648 consecutive infants born at term and alive at Hospitalde Sagunto (Valencia, Spain) over one year period was followed for 12 months. Clinical data of the infants were prospectively collected from the database of ambulatory medical records (ABUCASIS) of the Valencia health system.Results: Smoking during pregnancy was recorded in 164 (25.3%) mothers. During the first year of life, asthma was diagnosed in 101 infants, with an incidence of 15.7%. The diagnoses of asthma (25.6% vs. 12.3%; P < 0.0001) and bronchiolitis (44.5% vs. 28.6%; P = 0.0002) during the first year of life were more common among infants in the smoking group. The probability of developing asthma during the first year of life was two-fold higher for the male gender and 2.5 times higher when mothers smoked while pregnant. Up to 52% of asthma cases could have been avoided in infants born to smoking mothers if they did not smoke during pregnancy. Infants in the smoking group showed a lower weight and length at birth than infants in the nonsmoking group differences almost disappeared at 6 months and 12 months.Conclusion: Asthma during the first year of life showed a clear relationship with maternal smoking in pregnancy. Pregnant women should be advised of the significant perinatal risk for respiratory diseases associated with tobacco use.

scholarly journals Variation of VOCs Inside a New Car during the First Year and Their Relationship to Temperature

2014 ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maneerat Ongwandee ◽  
Thabtim Chatsuvan ◽  
Theerapong Sairat ◽  
Kritsanaphong Lephol
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
First Year ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cabin Temperature ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ambient Levels

Passenger exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from vehicle interiors hasincreasingly drawn public concern over their potential health risks. This study aimed to investigate ambient levels of in-cabin VOCs in a new car over the period of one year after first delivery. The relationship between VOC concentrations and in-cabin temperature was also studied. Seventeen active air samplings inside a parked new car were conducted from February 2012 to February 2013 using sorbent tubes. Six VOCs were measured with first-month average concentrations of 215 μgm-3for benzene, 65.6 μgm-3for toluene, 151 μgm-3for 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, 806 μgm-3for ethyl acetate, 183 μgm-3for formaldehyde, and 28.2 μgm-3for acetone. The concentration profiles of all VOCs except formaldehyde declined, falling below the detection limits towards theend of the 1-year monitoring period. Formaldehyde concentrations were found to be directly proportional to in-cabin temperature at a significance level of p=0.05 during the first five months.

scholarly journals Influence of provenance origin on the early performance of two sclerophyllous Mediterranean species established in burned drylands

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio E. Espinoza ◽  
Marco A. Yañez ◽  
Eduardo E. Martínez ◽  
Marcos R. Carrasco-Benavides ◽  
Suraj A. Vaswani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Quillaja Saponaria ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Leaf Level ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Early Performance ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractForest restoration have had limited success due to intense and prolonged droughts in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. In this context, knowledge of growth and physiology in seedlings of different provenances can be useful in the selection of appropriate seed sources for restoration. In this study we investigated variations in survival, growth, and leaf-level physiology of five provenances of Quillaja saponaria Mol. and five provenances of Cryptocarya alba Mol. originated from coastal and Pre Andean sites exhibiting latitudinal-related climate differences in central Chile. Seedlings were grown in a nursery on 600 mL pots for 18 months and then planted in a dryland site severely damaged by fire. One year after establishment, we measured survival, growth, and leaf-level physiology. We also analyzed the relationship between outplanting survival with seedling characteristics prior to planting, and the relationship between growth and survival with physiological traits and with climate variables. Growth and survival were similar among provenances of Q. saponaria and C. alba, with the exception of differing heights observed within the provenance of Q. saponaria. Initial root collar diameter of Q. saponaria was observed to be positively correlated to outplanting survival. With the exception of photosynthesis in Q. saponaria, all provenances of both species differed in the leaf-level physiological traits. Those provenances originating from interior dryland sites exhibited lower stomatal conductance and used water more efficiently. The opposite was true for provenances coming from coastal sites. In outplanting sites with Mediterranean-type climates that have been damage by severe fire, selections based on larger diameter seedlings, especially for Q. saponaria and from interior and pre-Andean provenances, will likely improve outplanting success.

Factors affecting mothers' satisfaction with expressive and creative therapy provided to adolescents with learning disabilities: self-efficacy, stress and duration of therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 202-217
Author(s):  
Gal Abramovski
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Creative Therapy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

In view of the paucity of evidence on satisfaction with expressive and creative therapy among mothers to adolescents with learning disability in the context of special education schools, the present study examined the relationship between mothers' satisfaction with therapy and two psychological measures – self-efficacy and stress. Satisfaction was also examined in relation to duration of therapy. The sample comprised 54 mothers to adolescents with LD who were in therapy for at least one year. Data was collected via five structured questionnaires. The findings reveal that satisfaction with therapy in general was positively related to mothers' self-efficacy and negatively related to level of stress, whereas perceived effectiveness of therapy was not related to the two psychological measures. Duration of therapy, on the other hand, was positively related to perceived effectiveness of therapy but not related to satisfaction with therapy in general. The theoretical implications of the results and their practical implications for expressive and creative therapy within schools are discussed.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Vitamin D Level with Renal Prognosis in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Patients- A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagdas Kucukerdogan ◽  
Ebru Gok Oguz ◽  
Gulay Ulusal Okyay ◽  
Hatice Sahin ◽  
Tamer Selen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Segmental Glomerulosclerosis ◽  
Renal Prognosis ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 is an independent predictor of disease progression and death in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. However, there are insufficient data to evaluate the possible effects of plasma 25(OH)D3 levels on the prognosis of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Aim: To analyse the relationship between renal prognosis and serum 25(OH)D3 status in FSGS. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 56 patients, who were followed-up for at least one year and diagnosed with primary FSGS. Participants were grouped according to their baseline 25(OH)D3 levels (≤15 or >15 ng/mL) and treatment response at the end of one year (remission group or no remission group) was evaluated. Results: Mean age of the 56 participants was 44±13.92 years and 27 (48.2%) were male. Remission achievement in the first year was significantly higher and interstitial fibrosis was significantly lower for the group with a 25(OH)D3 above >15 ng/ mL (p<0.001, p=0.002, respectively). Basal serum 25(OH)D3 level was significantly lower and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy percentages were higher for the ‘no remission’ group (p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.005, respectively). Results of the binary logistic regression analysis revealed that low 25(OH)D3 level and higher interstitial fibrosis were independent predictive factors that increased the risk of no remission in the first year (p=0.036, p=0.004, respectively). Conclusion: In primary FSGS patients, low baseline 25(OH)D3 level at the time of biopsy and high interstitial fibrosis are independent predictors that reduce remission rates in the first year.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Thathir Quality Scholarship Program For Students At University level

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Louay Qais Abdullah ◽  
Duraid Faris Khayoun
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
First Year ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
Scholarship Program ◽  
University Level ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The study focused basically on measuring the relationship between the material cost of the students benefits program and the benefits which are earned by it, which was distributed on college students in the initial stages (matinee) and to show the extent of the benefits accruing from the grant program compared to the material burdens which matched and the extent of success or failure of the experience and its effect from o scientific and side on the Iraqi student through these tough economic circumstances experienced by the country in general, and also trying to find ways of proposed increase or expansion of distribution in the future in the event of proven economic feasibility from the program. An data has been taking from the data fro the Department of Financial Affairs and the Department of Studies and Planning at the University of Diyala with taking an data representing an actual and minimized pattern and questionnaires to a sample of students from the Department of Life Sciences in the Faculty of Education of the University of Diyala on the level of success and failure of students in the first year of the grant and the year before for the purpose of distribution comparison. The importance of the study to measure the extent of interest earned in comparision whit the material which is expenseon the program of grant (grant of students) to assist the competent authorities to continue or not in the program of student grants for the coming years.

The number of employed as a macroeconomic indicator of working time dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 935-945
Author(s):  
I.A. Zaikova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicator

Subject. The working time of workers at any stage of economic development is a value reflecting the level of labor productivity. Any progress in productivity contributes to changes in the volume of labor costs and the number of employed. Depending on the relationship between the total volume of labor costs and the number of employed, the duration of working time per one worker may change (it may increase, decrease, or remain unchanged). Objectives. The study aims to confirm the importance of such a macroeconomic indicator as the number of employed in varying working hours. Methods. The study rests on the comparative analysis of countries with developed economies based on some indicators like dynamics of the working time fund, dynamics of the number of employed, average number of hours worked during the year per employee, etc. The analyzed timespan is 25 years (from 1991 to 2016). Results. The comparative analysis revealed that in the non-production sphere and the economy as a whole the macroeconomic determinants correlate so that the length of working time per worker reduces. When considering the analysis results for the manufacturing sector, no single trend was identified. Conclusions. One of the key factors affecting the change in working hours is the number of employed. The relationship between the working time fund and the number of employed directly determines the dynamics of working time per worker.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document