Diet and foraging ecology of Black Guillemots in northeastern Hudson Bay

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257-1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Boreogadus Saida ◽  
Foraging Habitat ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Cepphus Grylle ◽  
Landfast Ice ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

I examined diet and foraging habitat selection by Black Guillemots (Cepphus grylle) in the eastern Canadian arctic. Birds fed on fish (Boreogadus saida, Stichaeus punctatus, Eumesogrammus praecisus) and mysid, amphipod, and decapod crustaceans. Guillemots concentrated at landfast ice edges early in the breeding season. Open-water foraging occurred principally in waters 10–30 m deep within 13 km of breeding colonies. Guillemots were aggregated on the water, but their distributions were not correlated with those of schooling prey. Guillemots feeding in open water obtained much of their food on the bottom, but some prey was likely taken during transit to and from the bottom.

Thick-billed murres and black guillemots in the Barrow Strait area, N.W.T., during spring: distribution and habitat use

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1789-1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. W. Bradstreet
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Open Water ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Cepphus Grylle ◽  
Aerial Surveys ◽  
Landfast Ice ◽  
Small Cracks

During the "spring" periods of 1974–1976, Uria lomvia and Cepphus grylle in the central Canadian Arctic were concentrated in the Barrow Strait area. Aerial surveys indicated that densities of both species were higher in interface habitats (i.e. along boundaries of land or ice and marine water) than in areas of open water distant from coasts or landfast ice. Murres occurred in higher densities along offshore than along coastal landfast ice edges; guillemots showed no preference between these two habitats. Guillemots, but not murres, occurred in small cracks in landfast ice. The overall preference of murres and guillemots for interface habitats was compared with the results of two other studies of the distribution of these alcids in high arctic areas.

The foraging ecology of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) during open water (July–August) in Allen Bay, Arctic Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 160 (11) ◽  
pp. 2993-3004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan K. Matley ◽  
Aaron T. Fisk ◽  
Terry A. Dick
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Boreogadus Saida ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Arctic Cod

Two Assemblages of Marine Algae from Post-Glacial Deposits in the Eastern Canadian Arctic

1972 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. Illman ◽  
J. McLachlan ◽  
T. Edelstein
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Glacial Deposits ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

The marine algae of the post-glacial deposits from the Ottawa Islands, Hudson Bay and Broughton Island off East Baffin Island were examined. A total of 15 non-calcareous species were identified, of which the most abundant at both sites were Sphacelaria plumosa and Desmarestia aculeata. The species assemblages are characteristic of present-day arctic and subarctic floras.

scholarly journals A first assessment of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in Hudson Bay and the surrounding eastern Canadian Arctic waters of Nunavut

FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee Huntington ◽  
Patricia L. Corcoran ◽  
Liisa Jantunen ◽  
Clara Thaysen ◽  
Sarah Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

Microplastics are a globally ubiquitous contaminant, invading the most remote regions, including the Arctic. To date, our understanding of the distribution and sources of microplastics in the Arctic is limited but growing. This study aims to advance our understanding of microplastics in the Arctic. Surface water, zooplankton, sediment, and snow samples were collected from Hudson Bay to north Baffin Bay onboard the CCGS Amundsen from July to August 2017. Samples were examined for microplastics, which were chemically identified via Raman spectroscopy for surface water and zooplankton and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for sediment. We found that 90% of surface water and zooplankton samples, and 85% of sediment samples, contained microplastics or other anthropogenic particles. Mean anthropogenic particle concentrations, which includes microplastics, were 0.22 ± 0.23 (per litre) for surface water, 3.51 ± 4.00 (per gram) for zooplankton, and 1.94 ± 4.12 (per gram) for sediment. These concentrations were not related to the human populations upstream, suggesting that microplastic contamination in the Arctic is from long-range transport. Overall, this study highlights the presence of microplastics across the eastern Canadian Arctic, in multiple media, and offers evidence of long-range transport via ocean and atmospheric currents. Further research is needed to better understand sources, distribution, and effects to Arctic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Sea ice thickness in the Eastern Canadian Arctic: Hudson Bay Complex & Baffin Bay

2017 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack C. Landy ◽  
Jens K. Ehn ◽  
David G. Babb ◽  
Nathalie Thériault ◽  
David G. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Ice Thickness ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Sea Ice Thickness ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

scholarly journals Sea ice and substratum shape extensive kelp forests in the Canadian Arctic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Filbee-Dexter ◽  
Kathleen A MacGregor ◽  
Camille Lavoie ◽  
Ignacio Garrido ◽  
Jesica Goldsmit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Kelp Forests ◽  
Coastal Habitat ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

The coastal zone of the Canadian Arctic represents 10% of the world’s coastline and is one of the most rapidly changing marine regions on the planet. To predict the consequences of these environmental changes, a better understanding of how environmental gradients shape coastal habitat structure in this area is required. We quantified the abundance and diversity of canopy forming seaweeds throughout the nearshore zone (5 - 15 m) of the Eastern Canadian Arctic using diving surveys and benthic collections at 55 sites distributed over 3000 km of coastline. Kelp forests were found throughout, covering on average 40.4 % (± 29.9 SD) of the seafloor across all sites and depths, despite thick sea ice and scarce hard substrata in some areas. Total standing macroalgal biomass ranged from 0 to 32 kg m‑2 WW and averaged 3.7 kg m‑2 (± 3.2 SD) across all sites and depths. Kelps were less abundant at depths of 5 m compared to 10 or 15 m and distinct regional assemblages were related to sea ice cover, substratum type, and nutrient availability. The most common community configuration was a mixed assemblage of four species: Agarum clathratum (14.9% ± 12.0 SD), Saccharina latissima (13% cover ± 14.7 SD), Alaria esculenta (5.4% ± 1.2 SD), and Laminaria solidungula (3.7% ± 4.9 SD). A. clathratum dominated northernmost regions and S. latissima and L. solidungula occurred at high abundance in regions with more open water days. In southeastern areas along the coast of northern Labrador, the coastal zone was mainly sea urchin barrens, with little vegetation. We found positive relationships between open water days (e.g., without sea ice) and kelp biomass and diversity, suggesting kelp forests could increase, and their species composition could shift, as sea ice diminishes in some areas of the Eastern Canadian Arctic. Our findings demonstrate the high potential productivity of this extensive coastal zone and highlight the need to better understand the ecology of these systems and the services they provide.

Thick-billed murres and black guillemots in the Barrow Strait area, N.W.T., during spring: diets and food availability along ice edges

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2120-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. W. Bradstreet
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Boreogadus Saida ◽  
Associated Fauna ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Arctic Cod ◽  
Cepphus Grylle ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Landfast Ice

From 5 June to 4 July 1976, I collected 98 thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and 47 black guillemots (Cepphus grylle) at ice edges in Barrow Strait, N.W.T., for diet studies. Alcids were collected at coastal ice edges and at the edges of landfast ice farther offshore; in both habitats food availability was also studied. At coastal ice edges, murre diet was dominated by Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida, 14% of dry weight biomass) and the amphipod Onisimus litoralis (18%); guillemot diet was dominated by cod (99%), decapods (0.4%), and amphipods (0.2%). At offshore ice edges murres took cod (96%), Parathemisto (2%), and Onisimus glacialis (2%); guillemots took cod (54%), O. glacialis (35%), and Apherusa glacialis (5%). Morisita's overlap values showed that diets of these two alcids were more similar at offshore than at coastal ice edges and that there were considerable habitat-related differences in diet. Data on food availability suggested that at offshore ice edges, murres were feeding in the water column and at the undersurface of the landfast ice; guillemots fed almost solely at the ice undersurface. At coastal ice edges, both alcids were probably feeding at the ice undersurface and on the sea bottom; in addition, murres fed in the water column. The importance of epontic (= ice-associated) fauna in the diets of alcids during spring is discussed.

Late glacial ice margins and deglacial chronology for southeastern Baffin Island and Hudson Strait, eastern Canadian Arctic

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. Stravers ◽  
Gifford H. Miller ◽  
Darrell S. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

Radiocarbon dates from marine piston cores and from onshore raised marine stratigraphic sections in the Hudson Strait region were used to reconstruct deglacial isochrons for 9900, 9500, 8800–8500, and 8000 BP. At the culmination of the Gold Cove readvance (9900 BP), Labrador–Ungava ice flowed northeastward across Hudson Strait and outer Frobisher Bay and stood for the last time on the Baffin Island continental shelf. Subsequent retreat by calving was rapid and profound, opening the entire Hudson Strait marine trough by 9500 BP. At this time, ice dispersal from Foxe Basin, Labrador–Ungava, and local ice on Meta Incognita Peninsula supported tidewater margins along much of the coastline, with the exception of northernmost Ungava Peninsula, where the ice margin stabilized onshore. This onshore margin remained in place throughout the Cockburn Substage while a major northeastward readvance of Ungava Bay ice (the Noble Inlet readvance from 8800 to 8500 BP) crossed outer Hudson Strait, grounding on the Hudson Strait sill and the south coast of Meta Incognita Peninsula. Sedimentation continued in an enclosed basin in western Hudson Strait, but marine circulation was prohibited by the ice dam, and upper water column salinities became too low to support a marine molluscan fauna. Ungava Bay ice was not thick enough to sustain flow across eastern Hudson Strait, and rising sea levels soon destroyed the Noble Inlet ice dam. By 8300 BP normal marine waters were circulating in eastern Hudson Strait, followed shortly thereafter (at 8100 BP) by the deglaciation of western Hudson Strait and Hudson Bay.

scholarly journals Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus diving and movement patterns in the eastern Canadian Arctic: implications for foraging ecology

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Pomerleau ◽  
TA Patterson ◽  
S Luque ◽  
V Lesage ◽  
MP Heide-Jørgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Bowhead Whale ◽  
Balaena Mysticetus ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

scholarly journals Correction: A first assessment of microplastics and other anthropogenic particles in Hudson Bay and the surrounding eastern Canadian Arctic waters of Nunavut

FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 615-616
Author(s):  
Aimee Huntington ◽  
Patricia L. Corcoran ◽  
Liisa Jantunen ◽  
Clara Thaysen ◽  
Sarah Bernstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic
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