Early infection of Merluccius productus (Ayres) (Pisces: Teleostei) with Kudoa thyrsites (Gilchrist) (Myxozoa)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 936-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Whitaker ◽  
Z. Kabata
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Early Infection ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Merluccius Productus ◽  
Kudoa Thyrsites ◽  
Three Stages

Within 5 months of metamorphosis, age 0+ Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) became infected with the myxozoan muscle parasite Kudoa thyrsites. Prevalence and intensity of infection increased with time. Approximately 4 months after the parasite had become established in a muscle fibre, a host response was initiated, which rapidly destroyed it. Three stages of host response were recognized depending on the extent of the host reaction. The prevalence and intensity of infections showing a host response also increased with time. The possibility of a fish developing high intensity infections by ingesting spores from the water column is discussed.

Visible versus actual incidence of Armillaria root disease in juvenile coniferous stands in the southern interior of British Columbia

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Morrison ◽  
K W Pellow ◽  
D J Norris ◽  
A FL Nemec
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Armillaria Root Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Actual Incidence

The relationship between aboveground symptoms and belowground incidence of Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink on conifers in 13- to 24-year-old stands was investigated at five sites in each of the dry, moist, and wet climatic regions in the Nelson forest region, British Columbia. All trees >1.3 m in height in 0.01-ha circular plots centred on a tree killed fewer than two or more than five years previously or located where there were no symptomatic trees were removed from the soil by an excavator. The location and host response at each A. ostoyae lesion on root systems were recorded. Significant differences in belowground incidence were seen among climatic regions and plot types, with distance from the centre of plots, and between planted and naturally regenerated trees. Belowground incidence was related to the percentage of putatively colonized stumps within and adjacent to plots. There were significant differences among climatic regions in the intensity of infection, host reaction to infection, and percentage of diseased trees showing aboveground symptoms. These results have implications for interpreting results of surveys for Armillaria root disease in juvenile stands and for tending of such stands.

scholarly journals Small intestine obstruction with ascarididae in foal safter dehelmintisation with ivermectin: Case report

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 293-301
Author(s):  
Sasa Laus ◽  
Ljubica Spasojevic-Kosic ◽  
Dragisa Trailovic
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Bowel Obstruction ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Parascaris Equorum ◽  
Adequate Therapy

High intensity of infection with ascaridida Parascaris equorum can lead to intraluminal obstruction of the ileum in foals, especially during the first dehelmintisation (during and after weaning), more rarely in older ones. Bowel obstruction is followed by strong colic pain and shock, which inevitably leads to death, especially in cases when an adequate therapy is not taken on time. The paper describes four cases of small intestine obstruction with ascarididae in foals of American trotter race, provoked by an antiparasitic agent. The first symptoms appeared about twenty hours after the treatment with antiparasitic. Two of the foals have been cured with medicament therapy, one died, and in one case there was taken surgery in field conditions.

scholarly journals The age-stratified analytical model for the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Mairanowski ◽  
Denis Below
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epidemic Spread ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The previously developed ASILV model for calculating epidemic spread under conditions of lockdown and mass vaccination was modified to analyse the intensity of COVID-19 infection growth in the allocated age groups. Comparison of the results of calculations of the epidemic spread, as well as the values of the seven-day incidence values with the corresponding observation data, shows their good correspondence for each of the selected age groups. The greatest influence on the overall spread of the epidemic is in the 20-40 age groups. The relatively low level of vaccination and the high intensity of contact in these age groups contributes to the emergence of new waves of the epidemic, which is especially active when the virus mutates and the lockdown conditions are relaxed. The intensity of the epidemic in the 90+ age group has some peculiarities compared to other groups, which may be explained by differences in contact patterns among individuals in this age group compared to others. Approximate ratios for estimating mortality as a function of the intensity of infection for individual age groups are provided. The proposed stratified ASILV model by age group will allow more detailed and accurate prediction of the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, including when new, more transmissible versions of the virus mutate and emerge.

Levels of Cathepsins S and H in Pleural Fluids of Inflammatory and Neoplastic Origin

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Buňatová ◽  
Nataša Obermajer ◽  
Jaromír Kotyza ◽  
Miloš Pešek ◽  
Janko Kos
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Cathepsin S ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Cathepsin H ◽  
Proliferative Markers

Cathepsins S and H are present in immune cells and tissues and may play a role in the activation of an adoptive immune response. Our goal was to assess their protein levels in pleural fluids from 82 patients who underwent thoracentesis or thoracoscopy for therapeutic or diagnostic reasons and to relate them to an inflammatory, neoplastic or hemodynamic origin. Pleural effusions were also analyzed for a panel of 13 inflammatory or proliferative markers to test possible links to a nonspecific host reaction. Increased levels of cathepsin S were found in parainflammatory and cancer-related effusions compared to transudates. Cathepsin H levels were elevated only in parainflammatory effusions, whereas the levels in cancer-related effusions were comparable to transudates. Cathepsin S values significantly correlated with LDH, alpha-1-AT, VEGF, sICAM, sVCAM, MPO, uPA, MMP-9/TIMP-1, IL-8 and MCP-1, but not with CRP, IL-10 or cathepsin H. In contrast to cathepsin S, cathepsin H values did not correlate with markers of inflammation, indicating a specific role for cathepsin H in the pleural host response. In conclusion, the estimation of cathepsin S and cathepsin H may help to distinguish between effusions of different etiology.

scholarly journals Parasites of the mangrove mussel Mytella guyanensis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) in Camamu Bay, Bahia, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
LO. Ceuta ◽  
G Boehs
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Digestive Gland ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Parasitic Castration ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

This contribution reports the parasites found in the mangrove mussel Mytella guyanensis in Camamu Bay, Bahia, Brazil. Samples were collected monthly from September 2006 through October 2007. A total of 460 individuals were collected, fixed in Davidson's solution, and processed by standard histological techniques, and the sections were stained with Harris hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The water temperature ranged from 23.5 to 31.6 ºC, and the salinity from 25 to 37‰. Microscopic analysis showed Rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs), Nematopsis sp. (Apicomplexa), and Platyhelminthes, including a turbellarian, sporocysts of Bucephalus sp., metacercariae, and metacestodes of Tylocephalum sp. Parasites were observed mainly in the gills, mantle, and digestive gland. The prevalence of Nematopsis sp. was 100%, and in heavily infected mussels the tissues of the labial palps were damaged. RLOs occurred in high prevalence and intensity of infection in some periods. The digenean sporocysts showed moderate prevalence but high intensity of infection, and caused parasitic castration. In general, there was no significant spatial or temporal variation (p > 0.05) of the parasites, which is probably attributable to the small variations of temperature and salinity in the region.

scholarly journals The Influence of Parasitic Infection on the Black Sea Whiting, Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Gadidae), Morphophysiological and Biochemical Parameters

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Skuratovskaya ◽  
V. M. Yurakhno ◽  
A. V. Zavyalov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Merlangius Merlangus

Abstract Complex influence of infection by myxosporeans Myxidium gadi Georgevitsch, 1916; Ceratomyxa merlangi Zaika, 1966 and nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) on the morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of the Black sea whiting Merlangius merlangus euxinus (Nordmann, 1840) were studied. Significant decrease of spleenosomatic index and increase of hepatosomatic index in fish with average and high intensity of infection were found. The dependence of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities on intensity of infection was observed. Increase of superoxidismutase, catalase, glutation-S-transferase activities in fish with average and high intensity of infection and decrease of peroxidase activity in specimens with average intensity of infection were shown.

scholarly journals Interleukin-6 and Vitamin D Status during High-Intensity Resistance Training in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Molsted ◽  
Pia Eiken ◽  
Jesper L. Andersen ◽  
Inge Eidemak ◽  
Adrian P. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Fibre ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Muscle Fibre Size ◽  
Fibre Size

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-6 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) associations with muscle size and muscle function in dialysis patients.Methods. Patients were included in a 16-week control period followed by 16 weeks of high-intensity resistance training thrice weekly. IL-6 and 25-OH D were analysed after an over-night fast. Muscle fibre size was analysed in biopsies fromm. vastus lateralis. Muscle power was tested using a Leg Extensor Power Rig.Results. Patients (n=36) with IL-6 ≥ 6.49 pg/ml (median) were older and had decreased muscle power and a reduced protein intake (P<0.05) compared with patients with IL-6 < 6.49 pg/ml. IL-6 was not associated with muscle fibre size. Vitamin D deficiency (25-OH D < 50 nmol/l) was present in 51% of the patients and not associated with muscle power. IL-6 remained unchanged during the training period, whilst muscle power increased by 20–23% (P<0.001).Conclusion. Elevated IL-6 values were associated with decreased muscle power but not with decreased muscle fibre size. Half of the patients were suffering from vitamin D deficiency, which was not associated with muscle power. IL-6 was unchanged by high-intensity resistance training in dialysis patients in this study.

scholarly journals First record of microfilariae in Antilophia galeata (Aves: Pipridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Paulo Vitor Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Márcia Cristina Cury ◽  
Celine Melo
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
First Record ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Morphometry Analysis ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
First Time

Filarid nematodes are transmitted by arthropod vectors. In the vertebrate host, they inhabit the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and lymphatic system. Although most bird infections are not considered pathogenic, there may be an impact on fitness. Blood smears were performed to verify the intensity of the infection and to morphometrically analyse and describe the microfilariae found in individuals of Antilophia galeata captured in a fragment of the Cerrado forest. The microfilariae were photographed, and morphometry analysis was performed using the ImageJ software. One individual was infected (14.2%; n = 7) but with a high intensity of infection (42 microfilariae). It is suggested that the microfilariae found belong to the genus Eufilaria spp., since all specimens presented the diagnostic characteristics of the taxon (absence of sheath, pointed tail, and length less than 200 μm). This is the first time that microfilariae parasitising A. galeata have been recorded. Considering that microfilariae records are rare in Brazilian wild birds, this record may be useful to support further studies and contribute to the understanding of the conservation of the host species.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of batsmen during a simulated One Day International century

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Pote
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Training Programmes

Background: There is a limited amount of literature on thephysiological cost of batting. Of the studies that have beencompleted, most have used protocols that are of short durationand high intensity, and it has been questioned whether thisrepresents actual game play. Furthermore, it is difficult to studysports such as cricket due to the intermittent nature of the game.Objective: To determine the physiological responses of batsmenduring a simulated One Day International century.Methods: Seventeen male batsmen from the Rhodes UniversityCricket Club performed a simulated batting work bout knownas the BATEX© protocol. The protocol consisted of six, five oversstages, each lasting 21 minutes. Three of the stages (stages one,three and five) were low-intensity stages and the other three(stages two, four and six) were high-intensity stages. During thework bout selected physiological responses were recorded..Results: Heart rate (124±15-159±14 beats.min-1), oxygen uptake(29.3±6.1-43.4±6.3 ml.kg-1.min-1), energy expenditure (48.1±9.2-109.2±10.5 kJ.min-1) and core temperature (37.7±0.3-38.7±0.4 oC)responses all increased significantly (p<0.05) between stageone and stage six. The respiratory exchange ratio decreasedsignificantly (p<0.05) between stages one and six (0.90±0.19-0.89±0.37).Conclusions: Batting is more physically demanding thanoriginally thought, and as a result training programmes shouldconcentrate on simulating real match play situations to improveperformance and reduce the risk of injury.

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