Supercooling ability of aphid populations from British Columbia and the Canadian Arctic

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose O'Doherty ◽  
Richard A. Ring
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphid Populations

Adults and first-instar nymphs of the peach–potato aphid Myzus persicae of Canadian origin maintained under favourable laboratory conditions were capable of extensive supercooling potential, to below −20 °C, as were summer morphs which were field collected in British Columbia. Adult Aphis epilobii collected in summer from the Arctic also possessed considerable supercooling capacity. The data are comparable with those gathered in other aphid cold hardiness studies and suggest that a general pattern of supercooling potential may exist in aphid species and may be independent of geographical or habitat origins.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Intra- and Inter-Specific Genomic Variability in the Peach Potato Aphid, Myzus persicae

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandrioli ◽  
Salvatore ◽  
Ferrari ◽  
Patelli ◽  
Manicardi
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Duplications ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Genomic Variability ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

The availability of genomic data in the last decade relating to different aphid species has allowed the analysis of the genomic variability occurring among such species, whereas intra-specific variability has hitherto very largely been neglected. In order to analyse the intra-genomic variability in the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae, comparative analyses were performed revealing several clone-specific gene duplications, together with numerous deletions/rearrangements. Our comparative approach also allowed us to evaluate the synteny existing between the two M. persicae clones tested and between the peach potato aphid and the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Even if part of the observed rearrangements are related to a low quality of some assembled contigs and/or to the high number of contigs present in these aphid genomes, our evidence reveals that aphid clones are genetically more different than expected. These results suggest that the choice of performing genomes sequencing combining different biotypes/populations, as revealed in the case of the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines, is unlikely to be very informative in aphids. Interestingly, it is possible that the holocentric nature of aphid chromosomes favours genome rearrangements that can be successively inherited transgenerationally via the aphid’s apomictic (parthenogenetic) mode of reproduction. Lastly, we evaluated the structure of the cluster of genes coding for the five histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) in order to better understand the quality of the two M. persicae genomes and thereby to improve our knowledge of this functionally important gene family.

scholarly journals A strain of the bacterial symbiont Regiella insecticola protects aphids against parasitoids

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Vorburger ◽  
Lukas Gehrer ◽  
Paula Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Colemani ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa ◽  
Serratia Symbiotica ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

Aphids commonly harbour facultative bacterial endosymbionts and may benefit from their presence through increased resistance to parasitoids. This has been demonstrated for Hamiltonella defensa and Serratia symbiotica , while a third common endosymbiont, Regiella insecticola , did not provide such protection. However, this symbiont was recently detected in a highly resistant clone of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae , from Australia. To test if resistance was indeed conferred by the endosymbiont, we eliminated it from this clone with antibiotics, and we transferred it to two other clones of the same and one clone of a different aphid species ( Aphis fabae ). Exposing these lines to the parasitoid Aphidius colemani showed clearly that unlike other strains of this bacterium, this specific isolate of R. insecticola provides strong protection against parasitic wasps, suggesting that the ability to protect their host against natural enemies may evolve readily in multiple species of endosymbiotic bacteria.

Do asexual morphs of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae, utilise the aphid sex pheromone? Behavioural and electrophysiological responses of M. persicae virginoparae to (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone and its effect on aphid performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mandela Fernández-Grandon ◽  
Christine M. Woodcock ◽  
Guy M. Poppy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Sex Pheromone Components ◽  
Pheromone Components ◽  
Aphid Sex Pheromone ◽  
Asexual Morphs ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphid Populations

AbstractThe aphid sex pheromone component (4aS,7S,7aR)-nepetalactone is considered to be a potential tool for enhancing biological control of aphids. Studies have confirmed its potential to attract parasitoids, increase parasitism rates in the field and also alter the spatial distribution of parasitoids. An important aspect that has been overlooked is the impact that the introduction of nepetalactone may have on aphid populations already present in field or glasshouse environments. The most prevalent pest aphid populations in glasshouse and field environments are the asexual morphs, which are capable of exponential growth if populations are not controlled. The short-term implications of the sex pheromone on asexual aphids were observed through their behavioural response. Using Y-tube olfactometry, it is shown that virginoparae of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae, are repelled by high concentrations of nepetalactone. Long-term effects of the pheromone which may span the aphid's life, or even generations, were assessed via mean relative growth rate (MRGR) and the intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm). Electroantennography also demonstrated that asexual female aphids are able to detect aphid sex pheromone components. To our knowledge, this is the first time it has been reported that M. persicae virginoparae are able to detect aphid sex pheromone components or that their behavioural response and/or performance has been studied. The implications of these results and their significance in understanding semiochemical communication are discussed.

Logistic problems in the Canadian Arctic

Polar Record ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 10 (67) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
T. A. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Weather Bureau ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Resolute Bay ◽  
States Weather

In 1946 the United States Weather Bureau and the Canadian Meteorological Service installed the first of the Joint Arctic Weather Stations at Resolute Bay. The network of satellite stations was extended into the Arctic archipelago in the following years on roughly a 275-mile spacing to Mould Bay, Isachsen, Eureka and Alert.

scholarly journals The properties of a carboxylesterase from the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.), and its role in conferring insecticide resistance

1977 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Devonshire
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
First Order ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Peach Potato Aphid

Carboxylesterases from different strains of Myzus persicae were examined to try to understand their contribution to insecticide resistance. Preliminary evidence that they are involved comes from the good correlation between the degree of resistance and the carboxylesterase and paraoxon-degrading activity in aphid homogenates. Furthermore the carboxylesterase associated with resistance could not be separated from the insecticide-degrading enzyme by electrophoresis or ion-exchange chromatography. Homogenates of resistant aphids hydrolysed paraoxon 60 times faster than did those of susceptible aphids, yet the purified enzymes from both sources had identical catalytic-centre activities towards this substrate and also towards naphth-1-yl acetate, the latter being hydrolysed by both 2×106 times faster than paraoxon. These observations provide evidence that the enzyme from both sources is identical, and that one enzyme hydrolyses both substrates. This was confirmed by relating the rate of paraoxon hydrolysis to the rate at which paraoxon-inhibited carboxylesterase re-activated. Both had the same first-order rate constant (0.01min−1), showing clearly that the hydrolysis of both substrates is brought about by the same enzyme. Its Km for naphth-1-yl acetate was 0.131mm, and for paraoxon 75pm. The latter very small value could not be measured directly, but was calculated from substrate-competition studies coupled with measurements of re-activation of the diethyl phosphorylated enzyme. Since the purified enzymes from resistant and susceptible aphids had the same catalytic-centre activity, the 60-fold difference between strains must be caused by different amounts of the same enzyme resulting from mutations of the regulator gene(s) rather than of the structural gene.

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