The importance of pattern in visual attraction of Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart (Diptera: Tabanidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 2273-2278 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Allan ◽  
J. G. Stoffolano Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Dark Background ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
In Series ◽  
Visual Attraction ◽  
Fine Pattern ◽  
Tabanus Nigrovittatus

Host-seeking female Tabanus nigrovittatus Macquart primarily use visual cues to locate hosts and host mimics. The importance of various attributes of patterns to this behavior was examined in the field using black and white two-dimensional panels. Panels with a square, circle, or star of equal size were equally attractive as were panels with stars with increasingly complex edges. In a series of panels with black circles of increasing size, attraction increased as the size of the circles increased. High contour density was not important in series of panels with increasing size and decreasing number of patterns (squares or circles), and large patterns with simple edges were most attractive. Both light objects against a dark background and dark objects against a light background were highly attractive. The response of flies to objects with stripes indicated that stripes decreased attraction, possibly as a result of shape disruption. These results indicate that solid, compact, large objects with high contrast against the background were the most attractive to host-seeking flies and that fine pattern detail was not important.

Style

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cigdem Issever ◽  
Ken Peach
Keyword(s):  
Working Group ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Group Meeting ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Dark Background ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Conscious Decision ◽  
Colour Theory ◽  
Working Group Meeting

The style of the talk should be chosen such that it supports the message, the occasion and your personality. The guiding rule should always be that the chosen style should not make the slides hard to read or distract the attention of the audience from the message. For example having an animation on the slide which runs all the time will most certainly catch the eye of the audience, because our eyes are programmed to look at moving objects. But this will make it impossible for the listener to follow your discussion on the rest of your slide while this animation is running. You can have different styles for different occasions. Figure 5.1 shows an example of a slide style for a working group meeting and in Fig. 5.2 for an invited seminar talk on the same topic. Style features which are important are the font style, the slide background and border, colours, plots, tables, pictures and animation. We will cover each of these in the sections below. The choice of the font should be a conscious decision and should not be just guided by your aesthetic feelings or the system default. There are several choices to be made under the font banner, and all are important. • Style: Serif or Sans Serif, • Appearance: normal, bold, italic, underlined or combined, • Size: small (8 pt), medium (12 pt), large (16 pt), huge (20 pt), vast (24 pt), • Colour: foreground (text) and background. Colour theory is quite complex, and beyond the scope of this book. However, a few simple ideas should help avoid most problems. The colour of the font and the colour of the background need to be considered together; it is better to choose colours that are readily distinguishable, with high contrast. A yellow (black) text on a white (dark) background is nearly invisible. Remember that your presentation may be printed on a black and white printer and colour-coded information may be lost if there is low contrast, and that between 5% and 8% of males and less than 1% of females are colour blind.

scholarly journals Integumentary Colour Allocation in the Stork Family (Ciconiidae) Reveals Short-Range Visual Cues for Species Recognition

Birds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Eduardo J. Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan J. Negro
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Chromatic Spectrum ◽  
Mixed Species Flocks

The family Ciconiidae comprises 19 extant species which are highly social when nesting and foraging. All species share similar morphotypes, with long necks, a bill, and legs, and are mostly coloured in the achromatic spectrum (white, black, black, and white, or shades of grey). Storks may have, however, brightly coloured integumentary areas in, for instance, the bill, legs, or the eyes. These chromatic patches are small in surface compared with the whole body. We have analyzed the conservatism degree of colouration in 10 body areas along an all-species stork phylogeny derived from BirdTRee using Geiger models. We obtained low conservatism in frontal areas (head and neck), contrasting with a high conservatism in the rest of the body. The frontal areas tend to concentrate the chromatic spectrum whereas the rear areas, much larger in surface, are basically achromatic. These results lead us to suggest that the divergent evolution of the colouration of frontal areas is related to species recognition through visual cue assessment in the short-range, when storks form mixed-species flocks in foraging or resting areas.

Neural Method for Two Dimensional (2D) High Contrast Imaging in Pulsed Laser Radar

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joodaki ◽  
G. Kompa ◽  
S. M.Golam Arshad ◽  
V. Ahmadi ◽  
M. K. Moravvej-Farshi
Keyword(s):  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Laser Radar ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
High Contrast Imaging

Expansions with Poisson kernels and related topics

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Giannotti ◽  
Paolo Manselli
Keyword(s):  
Unit Disc ◽  
Poisson Kernel ◽  
Cauchy Type ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Type Problem ◽  
Special Sequence ◽  
Poisson Kernels ◽  
Cauchy Type Problem ◽  
In Series

AbstractLet P(r, θ) be the two-dimensional Poisson kernel in the unit disc D. It is proved that there exists a special sequence {ak} of points of D which is non-tangentially dense for ∂D and such that any function on ∂D can be expanded in series of P(|ak|, (·)–arg ak) with coefficients depending continuously on f in various classes of functions. The result is used to solve a Cauchy-type problem for Δu = μ, where μ is a measure supported on {ak}.

A Study of the Effect of Standard Laboratory Processing on Speed and Resolution of Three Black and White Aerial Films

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
E. A. Fleming ◽  
M. Landreville ◽  
E. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Type A ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Aerial Photo ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Average Gradient ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Contrast Range ◽  
Film Speed

Three aerial films were tested using standard aerial photo laboratory processing procedures for three different chemistries. Relationships were established with respect to average gradient, speed, base plus fog, graininess and resolution for low, medium and high contrast targets. The films compared were Kodak Double-X type 2405, Kodak Plus-X type 2402 and Kodak Panatomic-X 2412. The processing was done in a Kodak Versamat processor using Type A, 885 and Versaflo chemistry. The results indicated that processing in 885 chemistry enhanced film speed. The versatility of Double-X in terms of speed and contrast range was demonstrated, however the resolution of Panatomic-X greatly exceeded that of either of the other two films and shows promise for small scale mapping photography.

Coyote responses to visual and olfactory stimuli related to familiarity with an area

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 2248-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamar A. Windberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Canis Latrans ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Neophobic Response

Individual coyotes (Canis latrans) are infrequently captured within their familiar areas of activity. Current hypotheses are that the differential capture vulnerability may involve neophobia or inattentiveness. To assess the effect of familiarity, I measured coyote responsiveness to sensory cues encountered in familiar and novel settings. Seventy-four captive coyotes were presented with visual and olfactory stimuli in familiar and unfamiliar 1-ha enclosures. The visual stimuli were black or white wooden cubes of three sizes (4, 8, and 16 cm per side). The olfactory stimuli were fatty acid scent, W-U lure (trimethylammonium decanoate plus sulfide additives), and coyote urine and liquefied feces. Overall, coyotes were more responsive to stimuli during exploration in unfamiliar than in familiar enclosures. None of 38 coyotes that responded were neophobic toward the olfactory stimuli. The frequency of coyote response, and the resulting degrees of neophobia, did not differ between the black and white visual stimuli. Regardless of context, the largest visual stimuli were recognized at the greatest distance and evoked the strongest neophobic response. A greater proportion of coyotes were neophobic toward the small and medium-sized stimuli in familiar than in unfamiliar enclosures. This study demonstrated that when encountered in familiar environments, visual cues are more likely to elicit neophobic responses by coyotes than are olfactory stimuli.

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