Manoeuvrability and ecological segregation in the little brown (Myotis lucifugus) and Yuma (M. yumanensis) bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 1878-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Aldridge
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Performance Parameter ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Wing Loading ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Ecological Segregation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Degree

The abilities of two species of sympatric insectivorous bats, Myotis lucifugus and M. yumanensis, to negotiate a series of obstacle courses were measured. One hundred percent of the tested M. yumanensis were capable of negotiating their way through vertical strings 0.21 m apart, as compared with 30% of the tested M. lucifugus. A significant difference between the two species was found for this flight performance parameter, and this difference was found to be correlated with wing loading and wingspan. Myotis yumanensis has a lower wing loading and a lower wingspan than M. lucifugus, which probably explains the differences in manoeuvrability between the two species. An attempt was made to relate this difference to differences in the foraging behavior of the two species, but this was not possible, probably because of the high degree of morphological and behavioural overlap between the two species.

Size-specific resource use in juvenile little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): Is there an ontogenetic shift?

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1204-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick A. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Morphological Transitions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Little Brown Bats

This paper correlates shifts in habitat use and diet with morphological transitions occurring during postpartum growth and development (ontogenetic niche) in little brown bats, Myotis lucifugus. Juveniles were captured in mist nets as they foraged in different microhabitats that were defined and quantified using "clutter indices" ranging from 0 (least cluttered) to 5 (most cluttered). I analyzed fecal samples from captured individuals to assess diet. Chi-squared analyses showed that there was a significant difference in habitat use and diet among juveniles captured in early, mid, and late July. Juveniles with smaller wings foraged in the least cluttered habitats, whereas juveniles with larger wings foraged in habitats with a high degree of clutter. Juveniles with larger wings were captured in all microhabitats, whereas those with smaller wings were captured predominantly in open microhabitats. Juveniles with relatively higher aspect ratios and lower wing loadings used a greater diversity of habitats than those with lower aspect ratios and higher wing loadings. In addition, differences in diet were significant and correlated with wing size. My results suggest resource partitioning between juveniles as a function of wing size. These data have important implications regarding how relative size among juveniles may effect intraspecific structuring of populations.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Modified Hodge Test and Modified Strip Carba NP Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Patidar ◽  
Nitya Vyas ◽  
Shanoo Sharma ◽  
Babita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Objective Carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. However, resistance to carbapenem is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide leading to major therapeutic failures and increased mortality rate. Early and effective detection of carbapenemase producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is therefore key to control dissemination of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial as well as community-acquired infection. The aim of present study was to evaluate efficacy of Modified strip Carba NP (CNP) test against Modified Hodge test (MHT) for early detection of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Material and Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various clinical samples were screened for carbapenem resistance. A total of 107 CRE were subjected to MHT and Modified strip CNP test for the detection of CPE. Statistical Analysis It was done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, IBM India; version V26. Nonparametric test chi-square and Z-test were used to analyze the results within a 95% level of confidence. Results Out of 107 CRE, 94 (88%) were phenotypically confirmed as carbapenemase producer by Modified strip CNP test and 46 (43%) were confirmed by Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Thirty-eight (36%) isolates showed carbapenemase production by both MHT and CNP test, 56 isolates (52%) were CNP test positive but MHT negative, eight (7%) isolates were MHT positive but CNP test negative and five (5%) isolates were both MHT and CNP test negative. There is statistically significant difference in efficiency of Modified CNP test and MHT (p < 0.05). Conclusion Modified strip CNP test is simple and inexpensive test which is easy to perform and interpret and gives rapid results in less than 5 minutes. It has high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Modified strip CNP test shows significantly higher detection capacity for carbapenemase producers as compared with MHT.

Age and food hardness affect food handling by insectivorous bats

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.E. Fraser ◽  
M.B. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Food Items ◽  
And Gender

Eating behaviour can vary with age, experience, and gender, as well as food hardness. This variation can contribute to intraspecific dietary differences and may result in variable definitions of optimal foraging and decreased intraspecific competition. We quantified feeding behaviour of insectivorous bats eating hard and soft mealworm-based food items based on the bats’ ability to consume and manipulate food items, consumption time, chew frequency, and total chews to consume. Adult Myotis lucifugus (LeConte, 1831) were more successful at both consuming and manipulating mealworms and consumed mealworms more quickly, with greater chew frequency and in fewer chews, than did subadults. Adults chewed mealworm viscera more frequently than did subadults but showed no differences in the other variables. Adult Eptesicus fuscus (Beauvois, 1796) consumed mealworms more quickly and with fewer chews than did subadults but showed no differences in the other variables. There were no differences between adult and subadult E. fuscus when consuming mealworm viscera. Male and female M. lucifugus did not differ significantly when eating either mealworms or mealworm viscera. There was no change in subadult consumption time of mealworms over the summer. Age-based differences in eating abilities may play a role in defining optimal foraging and dietary composition in insectivorous bats.

Torpor patterns in food-deprived Myotis lucifugus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) under simulated roost conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Kurta
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Myotis Lucifugus ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Insectivorous Bats ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Single Night ◽  
Little Brown Bats

Temperate insectivorous bats are commonly prevented from foraging by cold or wet weather. This study examines the effect of missing a single night of foraging on the energetics of pregnant and lactating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) under simulated roost conditions. After not foraging, the day-roosting metabolic rate of pregnant M. lucifugus was reduced by 61% and that of lactating bats by 46%. Although previous laboratory studies predicted that food-deprived bats should remain in torpor throughout the day-roosting period, M. lucifugus consistently aroused from torpor between 11:00 and 15:00 and maintained elevated metabolic rates for the rest of the day.

scholarly journals Glaucoma characteristics evaluation in myopia – A clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Helen Rosita J ◽  
Gnanaselvan J ◽  
Amudhavadivu S ◽  
Anna Kurian Mullasseril
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Degree

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, one of the risk factor recognised being high myopia. Intra ocular pressure may be normal in myopic patients, with optic nerve head glaucoma characteristics. Eye ball elongation and optic nerve head tilting may be present in patients with high myopia that will represent field defects mimicking glaucoma. Treating patients with myopia having suspected aspects of glaucoma may be a challenge but even more challenging is the diagnosis of glaucoma in myopic patients.: To evaluate the association of glaucoma features with myopia. To create the awareness regarding the long term follow up.: Patients in the age group of 15 to 45 years who had attended our institution over a period of one year who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected for this study. Fifty four patients who were diagnosed to have moderate or high degree myopia were selected for this analytical study. They were subjected to vision, ocular examination, tonometry and results obtained were analysed.: In our study moderate myopes constituted 55.5% and high myopes were 44.5%. The mean Intra ocular pressure and the mean corrected Intra ocular pressure in high myopes were observed to be higher than in moderate myopia. It was observed that higher prevalence of glaucoma was observed in high myopes.: There is a clinically as well as statistically significant difference between mean Intra ocular pressure and mean corrected Intra ocular pressure. So mean corrected Intra ocular pressure should be measured .From our study, there is a clear indication that there is increased prevalence of glaucoma in high myopes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of learning resource rooms in public schools in Ajloun governorate according to teachers point of view: تقييم غرف مصادر التعلم في المدارس الحكومية في محافظة عجلون من وجهة نظر معلميها

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. AHMAD ALI AL- JABALI
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Resource Room ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Evaluation Of Learning ◽  
High Degree

This study aims at identifying the evaluation of learning resources rooms in public schools in Ajloun governorate from the point of view of their teachers. The study was based on the descriptive analytical method. The study population consisted of (107) male and female teachers. random. The study reached a set of results, The most important: The arithmetic averages of the responses of the study sample to evaluate the room of learning resources as a whole came with a high degree, with an average of (3.63) and the field of parents with a high degree, and an arithmetic average (3.92), followed by the teacher field, with an average (3.66). ), Then the student field, with an average (3.64), while the resource room field, the lowest average score, with an average (3.40), The results also showed that there is no statistically significant difference according to sex and educational qualification, and that there are statistically significant difference for the job experience variable for (11 years and above). To disseminate the experience of forming a support committee to all departments, institutions and programs working with people with special needs in the local community.

scholarly journals TOLAK UKUR FUNGSI HATI BERDASARKAN DERAJAT FIBROSIS PENYAKIT HATI KRONIS (Liver Function Parameters based on Degree of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rahmafitria Rahmafitria ◽  
Mutmainnah Mutmainnah ◽  
Ibrahim Abdul Samad
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree

Evaluating the degree of liver fibrosis degree is invasive as well as uncomfortable, therefore, non invasive examinations such as liverfunction tests and elastography (Fibro Scan) as a predictor‘s device of liver fibrosis degree are necessary. The aim of this study was toknow the differences of liver function parameters based on the fibrosis degree in patients with chronic liver disease. This study was a crosssectional design using data from chronic liver disease patients treated at the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. The elasticity of the liverwas measured using a fibro scan device during June 2010–July 2011. The analysis was carried out by ANOVA test on various parametersof liver function particularly on the fibrosis degree in chronic liver disease. In this study PT, albumin, total bilirubin and platelet countshowed a significant difference of 0.019, 0.009, 0.017 and 0.000 respectively. The mean values of PT and total bilirubin were significantlyhigher in the high degree of fibrosis compared to those with medium and low degree of fibrosis in the chronic liver disease patients. Basedon this study, the mean albumin levels and platelet count were significantly lower in the high degree of fibrosis compared with the mediumand low degree of fibrosis, however, no significant differences in AST, ALT, APTT and GGT were found.

scholarly journals THE ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AS PERCEIVED BY THE STAFF MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF KHARTOUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Saifaldin Dldom
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Normative Commitment ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Faculty Of Education ◽  
The University ◽  
High Degree

Organizational commitment is considered an essential concept for ensuring work and staff motivation in a higher education setting. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the staffs’ degree of organizational commitment to the Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum. To investigate research questions, a survey questionnaire was conducted. Among 239 respondents, 106 staff members were surveyed (44.00%). The results indicated that the degree of staff affective, continuance, and normative commitment in the Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, was high. This study also confirmed that the aggregate degree of organizational commitment among staff members in the Faculty of Education, University of Khartoum, was high. The study revealed no statistically significant difference in the degree of organizational commitment due to gender and academic rank variables. The study also found a statistically significant difference in affective and normative commitment in the degree of organizational commitment related to years of service. The study recommended improving the worldly position of the staff member to maintain a high degree of responsibility at the University of Khartoum. 

scholarly journals Light intensity regulates phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangnan Sun ◽  
Xiaomei Chi ◽  
Mingfang Yang ◽  
Jingyun Ding ◽  
Dongtao Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Intermedius ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Low Light Intensity ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Significant Difference

Small sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius (1–2 cm of test diameter) are exposed to different environments of light intensities after being reseeded to the sea bottom. With little information available about the behavioral responses of S. intermedius to different light intensities in the environment, we carried out an investigation on how S. intermedius is affected by three light intensity environments in terms of phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors. They were no light (zero lx), low light intensity (24–209 lx) and high light intensity (252–2,280 lx). Light intensity had obvious different effects on phototaxis. In low light intensity, sea urchins moved more and spent significantly more time at the higher intensity (69–209 lx) (P = 0.046). S. intermedius in high light intensity, in contrast, spent significantly more time at lower intensity (252–690 lx) (P = 0.005). Unexpectedly, no significant difference of movement (average velocity and total distance covered) was found among the three light intensities (P > 0.05). Foraging behavior of S. intermedius was significantly different among the light intensities. In the no light environment, only three of ten S. intermedius found food within 7 min. In low light intensity, nine of 10 sea urchins showed successful foraging behavior to the food placed at 209 lx, which was significantly higher than the ratio of the number (two of 10) when food was placed at 24 lx (P = 0.005). In the high light intensity, in contrast, significantly less sea urchins (three of 10) found food placed at the higher light intensity (2,280 lx) compared with the lower light intensity (252 lx) (10/10, P = 0.003). Furthermore, S. intermedius showed significantly longer righting response time in the high light intensity compared with both no light (P = 0.001) and low light intensity (P = 0.031). No significant difference was found in righting behavior between no light and low light intensity (P = 0.892). The present study indicates that light intensity significantly affects phototaxis, foraging and righting behaviors of S. intermedius and that ~200 lx might be the appropriate light intensity for reseeding small S. intermedius.

Differential effects of diurnal and continuous illumination regimes on melanophores and xanthophores of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1140-1143 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
White Background ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Background Adaptation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pigment Aggregation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Final Degree

The melanophores and xanthophores of Pseudopleuronectes americanus display different adaptive capacities to a white background under continuous (1 week) illumination compared with an equivalent period under diurnal, alternating light (12 h) and dark (12 h) photoperiods. Under the repeated diurnal photocycles on white, melanosomes partly disperse during dark photoperiods, but there is cumulative melanosome aggregation during successive light photoperiods that is interpreted as a slow physiological summation. Consequently, there is no significant difference in the final degree of aggregation attained on a white background on completion of either illumination protocol. In contrast, xanthosomes attain a high degree of aggregation during white background adaptation under continuous illumination, but do not display slow "summation" of pigment aggregation in response to the diurnal light photoperiods. The differences between melanosome and xanthosome aggregation under these photoperiod regimes are discussed in relation to the previously established types of balance between neural and humoral systems controlling flounder melanophores and xanthophores.

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