Courtship, spawning, and parental care behavior of the lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus L., in Newfoundland

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1320-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Goulet ◽  
John M. Green ◽  
Tim H. Shears
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Cyclopterus Lumpus ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Nest Cleaning ◽  
Care Behavior

The courtship, spawning, and paternal care behavior of lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus, in Broad Cove, Newfoundland, are described. Breeding lumpfish are sexually dimorphic and exhibit a distinct sexual dichromatism during reproduction. Spawning females are larger than males and pale blueish green in color. Male lumpfish nuptial coloration consists of a greyish black body and an orange–red ventral surface and fins. Spawning follows an extended courtship involving nest cleaning, fin brushing, and quivering. Females extrude pink eggs onto the surface of the nest which the male fertilizes. After fertilization, males mold the eggs into the nest, producing funnel-like depressions in the egg mass. Males remain with the eggs throughout the incubation period providing parental care. Pectoral fanning and puffing, the expelling of water from the mouth towards the surface of the egg mass, are the predominant parental care behaviors exhibited throughout the incubation period. Quantitative variation between males in the amount of time spent in parental care was independent of male size. Egg masses are maintained free of invertebrate predators by the male, but males are unable to defend eggs against predation by large groups of cunners, Tautogolabrus adspersus. Puffing behavior was more frequent towards the end of the incubation period than at the beginning. During hatching emergent larvae are swept from the nest site by male fanning and puffing behaviors.

scholarly journals Egg Size, Eggshell Porosity, and Incubation Period in the Marine Bird Family Alcidae

The Auk ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 307-315
Author(s):  
Karen Zimmermann ◽  
J. Mark Hipfner
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Avian Incubation ◽  
Embryonic Metabolism

Abstract Although the ultimate factors that influence the duration of avian incubation periods are well known, we know much less about the proximate mechanisms by which birds adjust incubation period in response to selection. We tested the hypothesis that an adjustment in eggshell porosity is one such proximate mechanism (i.e., that avian species with higher ratios of incubation period to egg size lay eggs with less porous shells). Eggshell porosity affects the rate of gaseous exchange between the developing embryo and the external environment; thus, to the extent that embryonic metabolism is diffusion-limited, eggshell porosity could directly determine incubation period. To test that hypothesis, we collected eggs from seven species of Alcidae, a family of marine birds that exhibits an unusual degree of interspecific variation in incubation period, and measured egg mass and eggshell porosity (determined by the number and size of pores and the thickness of the shell). Incubation periods were obtained from the literature. Egg mass and eggshell porosity combined explained 87% of the variation in incubation period among the seven species, which included at least one member of each of the six main alcid lineages. As predicted, eggshell porosity and incubation period were negatively related, after controlling for egg mass. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that evolutionary changes in avian incubation period may be attributed, at least in part, to adjustments in eggshell porosity. Taille de l’Œuf, Porosité de la Coquille et Période d’Incubation chez les Oiseaux Marins de la Famille des Alcidés

Show me you care: female mate choice based on egg attendance rather than male or territorial traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anyelet Valencia-Aguilar ◽  
Kelly R Zamudio ◽  
Célio F B Haddad ◽  
Steve M Bogdanowicz ◽  
Cynthia P A Prado
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Offspring Survival ◽  
Territory Quality ◽  
Female Mate

Abstract Female mate choice is often based on male traits, including signals or behaviors, and/or the quality of a male’s territory. In species with obligate paternal care, where care directly affects offspring survival, females may also base their mate choices on the quality of a sire’s care. Here, we quantified male reproductive success in a natural population of the glass frog Hyalinobatrachium cappellei, a species with male parental care, to determine the influence of territory quality, male traits, and paternal care behaviors on female mate choice. We found that attending males have a higher chance of gaining new clutches than nonattending males. Our results indicate that females do not select males based only on body condition, calling persistence, or territory traits. Instead, our findings support the hypothesis that females choose males based on care status. Indeed, males already attending a clutch were 70% more likely to obtain another clutch, and the time to acquire an additional clutch was significantly shorter. We also found that males adjust their parental care effort in response to genetic relatedness by caring only for their own offspring; however, remaining close to unrelated clutches serves as a strategy to attract females and increase chances of successful mating. Thus, males that establish territories that already contain clutches benefit from the signal eggs provide to females.

Growth Rates of Cranes Reared in Captivity

The Auk ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Ricklefs ◽  
Donald F. Bruning ◽  
George W. Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Growth Rate Constant ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Altricial Birds ◽  
Adult Mass ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Abstract We measured eggs, incubation periods, growth of chicks, and masses of adults of 10 species of cranes at the Bronx Zoo and the International Crane Foundation. Growth rate constants of Gompertz equations fitted to the data varied between 0.034 and 0.057/day. These values were 50-90% of those for altricial birds of comparable adult mass, and were considerably greater than those of other precocial species, such as galliforms. Rates of growth intermediate between altricial and precocial species are consistent with the fact that crane chicks, although precocial, are brooded and fed by their parents during much of the early development period. Within species, asymptote (A) and growth-rate constant (K) of the Gompertz equations were negatively correlated, owing to their inherent relationship in the curve-fitting process. Masses of chicks during the first month after hatch were unrelated to the mass asymptote, but correlated strongly with the estimated growth-rate constant. The mass of the neonate was about 60% of the fresh mass of the egg. Egg mass was unrelated to subsequent chick mass during the first month, but correlated with the mass asymptote in two species when the relationship between A and K was accounted for statistically. Egg mass also was correlated with incubation period, fledging period, and the growthrate constant in isolated instances. Growth rate and asymptote among species were inversely related, as found among large samples of diverse bird species. The size of the egg relative to the mass of the adult was related inversely to adult mass, again consistent with patterns in other groups of birds. Fledging period was related strongly to the length of the incubation period and weakly to the asymptote to the growth curve, and it was unrelated to growth-rate constant of the Gompertz equation.

scholarly journals Male-only care and cuckoldry in black coucals: does parenting hamper sex life?

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1900) ◽  
pp. 20182789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignas Safari ◽  
Wolfgang Goymann ◽  
Hanna Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Paternal Care ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Siring Success ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Operational Sex Ratios ◽  
Do So

Providing parental care often reduces additional mating opportunities. Paternal care becomes easier to understand if trade-offs between mating and caring remain mild. The black coucalCentropus grilliicombines male-only parental care with 50% of all broods containing young sired by another male. To understand how much caring for offspring reduces a male's chance to sire additional young in other males' nests, we matched the production of extra-pair young in each nest with the periods during which potential extra-pair sires were either caring for offspring themselves or when they had no own offspring to care for. We found that males which cared for a clutch were not fully excluded from the pool of competitors for siring young in other males' nests. Instead, the relative siring success showed a temporary dip. Males were approximately 17% less likely to sire young in other males' nests while they were incubating, about 48% less likely to do so while feeding nestlings, followed by 26% when feeding fledglings, compared to the success of males that currently did not care for offspring. These results suggest that real-life care situations by males may involve trade-off structures that differ from, and are less strict than those frequently employed in theoretical considerations of operational sex ratios, sex roles and parenting decisions.

Preoviposition paternal care in a fully aquatic giant salamander: nest cleaning by a den master

2018 ◽  
Vol 307 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Terry ◽  
Y. Taguchi ◽  
J. Dixon ◽  
K. Kuwabara ◽  
M. K. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Nest Cleaning

scholarly journals The Role of Olfactory Genes in the Expression of Rodent Paternal Care Behavior

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasmin L. Rymer
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Odor Cues ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
Formyl Peptide ◽  
Parental Aggression ◽  
Olfactory Detection ◽  
Membrane Spanning ◽  
Care Behavior

Olfaction is the dominant sensory modality in rodents, and is crucial for regulating social behaviors, including parental care. Paternal care is rare in rodents, but can have significant consequences for offspring fitness, suggesting a need to understand the factors that regulate its expression. Pup-related odor cues are critical for the onset and maintenance of paternal care. Here, I consider the role of olfaction in the expression of paternal care in rodents. The medial preoptic area shares neural projections with the olfactory and accessory olfactory bulbs, which are responsible for the interpretation of olfactory cues detected by the main olfactory and vomeronasal systems. The olfactory, trace amine, membrane-spanning 4-pass A, vomeronasal 1, vomeronasal 2 and formyl peptide receptors are all involved in olfactory detection. I highlight the roles that 10 olfactory genes play in the expression of direct paternal care behaviors, acknowledging that this list is not exhaustive. Many of these genes modulate parental aggression towards intruders, and facilitate the recognition and discrimination of pups in general. Much of our understanding comes from studies on non-naturally paternal laboratory rodents. Future studies should explore what role these genes play in the regulation and expression of paternal care in naturally biparental species.

Genetic sources of individual variation in parental care behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1933-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Wetzel ◽  
Margret I. Hatch ◽  
David F. Westneat
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Care Behavior

scholarly journals Reproductive ecology and behavior of Thoropa miliaris (Spix, 1824) (Anura, Leptodactylidae, Telmatobiinae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariovaldo Antonio Giaretta ◽  
Kátia Gomes Facure
Keyword(s):  
Paternal Care ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Valid Taxon ◽  
And Behavior

Thoropa species are distributed in southern and southeastern Brazil and have semiterrestrial tadpoles on rocky environments. Herein, we provide further data on reproduction, paternal care and tadpole cannibalism in T. miliaris. Guarding males were tested for disturbances in their egg masses. Egg masses were laid in stripes of wet rock; eggs were in a single layer and were adhered to the rock surface, roots, and to one another. The tadpoles hatched between four and six days. The egg number in two egg masses was 750 and 1190; eggs were gray and the yolk were about 1.7 mm in diameter; 2.3 mm with the jelly capsule. Aggressive interactions were observed between males. Males remained with their egg masses during the night and reacted aggressively to the experimental disturbances. Late stage tadpoles were found cannibalizing eggs. An egg mass in a recently formed wet stripe died from drought. The strips of wet rock are the only places where eggs and tadpoles can develop and represent a limiting factor for reproduction because they occur in short supply. For the females, the selection of newly formed wet strips may represent a trade-off between the advantages of using places free of cannibalistic and/or competitive tadpoles and the risks of losing offspring by drought. Our results do not support Cycloramphinae as a valid taxon, indicating that the morphological and behavioral similarities between Thoropa and Cycloramphus species should be interpreted as convergence.

Is parental care behavior in Belostoma species an evolutionary cause for their common sexual size dimorphism pattern?

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Sandra IGLESIAS ◽  
Francisco Antonio CRESPO ◽  
Alejandra del Carmen VALVERDE
Keyword(s):  
Parental Care ◽  
Sexual Size Dimorphism ◽  
Size Dimorphism ◽  
Care Behavior
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