Age-related differential catabolism in the snail, Viviparus georgianus, and its significance in the bioenergetics of sexual dimorphism

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Aldridge ◽  
W. D. Russell-Hunter ◽  
Daniel E. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Carbon Intake ◽  
Viviparus Georgianus

Catabolic partitioning of carbon and nitrogen was investigated to clarify the sexual dimorphism of bioenergetics in Viviparus georgianus. Experiments involved summer stocks of 3-, 15-, 27-, and 39-month-old male and female snails grazing on an artificial high protein diet and, for 15-month snails only, comparison tests using a lower protein diet. Per snail ingestion and partitioning rates and growth are generally maximal for 15-month snails and decline with age in both sexes. In each age group, females have lower rates for weight-specific ingestion of protein carbon and nonprotein carbon than males. For protein carbon, females also show lower rates of catabolism. Compensation for the lower protein diet is more marked in females, which increase total carbon intake by 58% and reduce catabolic use of protein carbon by 40% (against a male reduction of 25%). When discussing evolutionary problems in terms of actuarial bioenergetics, quantification of both physiological rates and ecological efficiencies can be of value in a broadly adaptational approach.

Formaldehyde treatment of concentrate diets for sheep. III.* Absorption of amino acids from the small intestine

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Faichney ◽  
GA White
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Formaldehyde Treatment ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
True Protein ◽  
The Individual

The effects of formaldehyde treatment of barley/soybean meal diets on the flow of amino acids to the small intestine, their release and absorption there, and their levels in jugular plasma were studied at four protein levels in fistulated crossbred sheep. There were substantial losses of amino acids during passage through the stomach at the highest protein level which were prevented by formaldehyde treatment; the net gains of amino acids observed with the lower protein diets were enhanced by treatment. There were no statistically significant effects of treatment on the proportions of the individual amino acids apparently absorbed in the small intestine, but a tendency for the values to decrease for the highest protein diet suggested that this diet was overtreated. This was confirmed by calculation of the true digestibilities in the small intestine: the true digestibility of true protein in the small intestine was 0.74 for the treated high protein diet and 0.81 for all the other diets. Of the individual amino acids, only lysine was adversely affected by treatment; however, despite reduced intakes, the net absorption of lysine was equal to or greater than that achieved with the untreated diets at all but the lowest protein level. Formaldehyde treatment was associated with substantial increases in the concentration of ε-N-methyl-lysine in plasma. As the amount of protein absorbed from the small intestine increased to about 110 g/day, the concentrations in plasma of the amino acids normally present in protein declined to a minimum or remained steady; thereafter, except for lysine, the concentrations increased. ____________________ *Part II, Aust. J. Agric. Res. 28: 1069 (1977).

Adherence to Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet Can Decreased Risk of Age Associated Poor Muscle Strength; A Cross- Sectional from Kurdish Cohort Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Pasdar ◽  
Shima Moradi ◽  
Saman Saedi ◽  
Behrooz Hamzeh ◽  
Farid Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Mind Diet

Abstract The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet aims to reduce dementia and the decline in brain health that often occurs as people get older. Loss of muscle strength (sarcopenia) is a geriatric syndrome that has associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. The current study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to MIND diet and decrease the risk of age-associated poor muscle strength. This cross-sectional study was performed using data from Ravansar's non-communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study on 3181 adults (48.5% men) aged 35–65 years. The dietary intake of the studied participants was assessed by the use of a 114-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed by RaNCD cohort study. The MIND diet and the major dietary patterns were computed based on their dietary intake and three dietary patterns were identified including plant-based diet, high protein diet, and unhealthy diet. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a hand-held hydraulic handgrip dynamometer and poor HGS was defined as HGS less than 32.8 and 20.5 kg in men and women, respectively. We found that greater adherence to MIND diet was associated with lower risk of poor HGS (OR: 0.65; CI 95%: 0.51-0.83). Furthermore, participants who were in third tertiles of plant- based and high protein diet were more likely 37% and 33% lower risk of poor HGS (OR: 0.63; CI 95%: 0.5-0.79), (OR: 0.67; CI 95%: 0.54-0.84), respectively. On the other hand, greater following to unhealthy diet was related to higher risk of poor HGS (OR: 1.39; CI 95%: 1.11-1.74). Overall, our findings provide that adhere to plant- based and high protein diet, as well as MIND diet had protective effects on age related poor HGS, while adherence to unhealthy diet can developed age related poor HGS.

Sexual Dimorphism among the Kathmandu University Students Assessed by Anthropometric Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (05) ◽  
pp. 20469-20472
Author(s):  
Shakya R ◽  
Bhattacharya SC ◽  
Shrestha R
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Males And Females

Objectives: To observe the sexual dimorphism among the young adult age group ranging from 18-21 years, of Kathmandu University students by measuring craniofacial circumference and canthal distances. Rationale of the study: These data could be useful for establishing the craniofacial standards and adds an implementation on plastic surgery, crime detection as well as in the industrial field. Method: 300 clinically normal students of Kathmandu University aged between 18-21 years were examined for the study. Fronto-occipital circumference, outer and inner canthal distances were measured. All the parameters were compared between males and females. Result: The cranial circumference as well as the inner and outer canthal distance in males was found to be significantly higher as compared to the females. Conclusion: The results concluded that sexual dimorphism remarkably exists in young adults of Kathmandu University students.

scholarly journals A high-protein diet increases faecal IgA concentrations in baby pigs

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (OCE5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vitari ◽  
A. Morise ◽  
M. Formal ◽  
C. Garcia ◽  
K. Mace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet

scholarly journals Measurement of the Intestinal pH in Mice under Various Conditions Reveals Alkalization Induced by Antibiotics

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Kouki Shimizu ◽  
Issei Seiki ◽  
Yoshiyuki Goto ◽  
Takeshi Murata
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
The Stability

The intestinal pH can greatly influence the stability and absorption of oral drugs. Therefore, knowledge of intestinal pH is necessary to understand the conditions for drug delivery. This has previously been measured in humans and rats. However, information on intestinal pH in mice is insufficient despite these animals being used often in preclinical testing. In this study, 72 female ICR mice housed in SPF (specific pathogen-free) conditions were separated into nine groups to determine the intestinal pH under conditions that might cause pH fluctuations, including high-protein diet, ageing, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, several antibiotic treatment regimens and germ-free mice. pH was measured in samples collected from the ileum, cecum and colon, and compared to control animals. An electrode, 3 mm in diameter, enabled accurate pH measurements with a small amount of gastrointestinal content. Consequently, the pH values in the cecum and colon were increased by high-protein diet, and the pH in the ileum was decreased by PPI. Drastic alkalization was induced by antibiotics, especially in the cecum and colon. The alkalized pH values in germ-free mice suggested that the reduction in the intestinal bacteria caused by antibiotics led to alkalization. Alkalization of the intestinal pH caused by antibiotic treatment was verified in mice. We need further investigations in clinical settings to check whether the same phenomena occur in patients.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Triad of Acquired Sensorineural Hearing Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8111
Author(s):  
Kuang-Hsu Lien ◽  
Chao-Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

The triad of noise-generated, drug-induced, and age-related hearing loss is the major cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss (ASNHL) in modern society. Although these three forms of hearing loss display similar underlying mechanisms, detailed studies have revealed the presence of sex differences in the auditory system both in human and animal models of ASNHL. However, the sexual dimorphism of hearing varies among noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), ototoxicity, and age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Importantly, estrogen may play an essential role in modulating the pathophysiological mechanisms in the cochlea and several reports have shown that the effects of hormone replacement therapy on hearing loss are complex. This review will summarize the clinical features of sex differences in ASNHL, compare the animal investigations of cochlear sexual dimorphism in response to the three insults, and address how estrogen affects the auditory organ at molecular levels.

scholarly journals The Colonic Microbiome and Epithelial Transcriptome Are Altered in Rats Fed a High-Protein Diet Compared with a Normal-Protein Diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlong Mu ◽  
Yuxiang Yang ◽  
Zhen Luo ◽  
Leluo Guan ◽  
Weiyun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
High Protein Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Normal Protein Diet
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