Yellow perch egg masses deter predators

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2882-2884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Newsome ◽  
Jean Tompkins
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Perca Fluviatilis ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Egg Masses

The entire seasonal reproductive effort of female yellow perch (Perca flavescens and Perca fluviatilis) is contained in a single, tubular, gelatinous egg mass. Predation on these egg masses is potentially a major mortality factor among perch, although reports of its occurrence are lacking. This suggests the egg masses may be protected by an antipredator mechanism that renders them inedible. In a series of feeding trials, no egg masses were consumed when offered to a number of species considered potential predators (eel, white sucker, brown bullhead, yellow perch, three- and nine-spined sticklebacks), although alternate food items were frequently consumed when provided. Examination of stomach contents of potential predators (eel, white sucker) collected from perch spawning sites at the peak of the reproductive period contained no egg masses. Egg masses were not lethal when ingested by a nonselective test fish, hatchery-reared brook trout, suggesting that an unpalatable rather than a toxic substance protects perch egg masses from predation.

Impact of logging and natural fires on fish communities of Laurentian Shield lakes

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle St-Onge ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Natural Fires ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semotilus Corporalis ◽  
Shield Lakes

The goal of this study was to determine if natural fires and logging have a significant impact on abundance, growth, and size structure of fish populations in 38 lakes of the Laurentian Shield (Québec, Canada). The watersheds of nine of these lakes underwent logging and nine underwent natural fires, while the 20 remaining lakes were used as references. No significant differences were found among the three lake groups in the catch per unit of effort of the most abundant species: white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), northern pike (Esox lucius), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), fallfish (Semotilus corporalis), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum), and burbot (Lota lota). No significant difference was found among control, burned, and logged lakes in the back-calculated length of yellow perch, for which age determinations were made. However, we found that the proportions of small yellow perch and white sucker were significantly lower in populations of impacted lakes (burned and logged lakes pooled). The influence of logging and fires remained significant when a series of biotic and abiotic variables on watershed and lake characteristics were accounted for in multiple regression analyses. The lower proportion of small fish in impacted lakes could be due to an increase in postemergence mortality or to a shift of individuals to the pelagic zone.

Organochlorine Residues in Brook Trout and Yellow Perch From New Brunswick and Nova Scotia (Canada) Lakes

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-364
Author(s):  
R. Peterson ◽  
S. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Intensive Agriculture ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
North Central ◽  
Ddt Metabolites ◽  
Headwater Lakes

Abstract Brook trout and yellow perch collected while surveying New Brunswick and Nova Scotia headwater lakes were analyzed for DDT metabolites, chlordane, hexacyclohexane isomers, hexachlorobenzene, toxaphene and PCB’s. Concentrations of DDT metabolites were much higher from fish taken from lakes in north-central N.B. (200-700 ng/g wet wt) than from fish taken elsewhere (<10 ng/g). Seventy to 90% of the DDT metabolites was DDE. Chlordane (3-13 ng/g) was analyzed in seven trout, six of them from central N.B. areas with intensive agriculture. Isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane were in highest concentration from north-central N.B. (10-20 ng/g), eastern N.S. (5-15 ng/g) and southern N.B. (5-20 ng/g). In most cases, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) was the isomer in highest concentration. Concentrations of hexachlorobenzene in fish tissues was highly variable with no obvious geographic bias. PCB’s were detected in very few fish, and no toxaphene was detected.

Food Specialization By Individual Trout

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1615-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Bryan ◽  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Repeated Observation ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Analyses of stomach contents showed that the kinds of prey eaten by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were seldom distributed at random among the individuals. Repeated observation of food eaten by individuals in a stream and ponds showed that prey types were eaten in proportions which were characteristic for an individual.Specialization occurred on several different kinds of prey. Although the degree of specialization was higher during shorter intervals, the data suggested that some specialization persisted for half a year. There were no striking correlations between degree of specialization and other individual properties such as size, growth rate, weight of food, number of food items, previous specialization, or area of recapture.In addition to the observations on trout in relatively undisturbed habitats, a field experiment was conducted using laboratory-reared rainbow trout held in small ponds. The food of each trout in the experiment was sampled repeatedly. In analysis of variance, interaction among the individuals and kinds of prey eaten showed that food specialization occurred. Both the absolute and relative abundance of potential prey were constant during the experiment.

scholarly journals New terpenoid metabolites from the skin extracts, an egg mass, and dietary sponges of the Northeastern Pacific dorid nudibranch Cadlinaluteomarginata

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Dumdei ◽  
Julia Kubanek ◽  
John E. Coleman ◽  
Jana Pika ◽  
Raymond J. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Northeastern Pacific ◽  
First Time

Chemical investigations of Cadlinaluteomarginata skin extracts, egg masses, and dietary sponges have led to the identification of the novel terpenoids cadlinaldehyde (30), spongian 32, seco-spongian 35, 20-acetoxy-12-marginatone (38), and lutenolide (39) from the nudibranch skin extracts, the new drimane sesquiterpenoid 1α,2α-diacetoxyalbicanyl acetate (40) from the nudibranch's egg mass, and the new sesquiterpenoids O-methyl-9-oxofurodysininlactone (47), 2-oxomicro-cionin-2-lactone (48), and O-methyl-2-oxomicrocionin-2-lactone (49), from the dietary sponge Pleraplysilla sp. The known terpenoids furodysinin (1), furodysin (16), marginatafuran (21), and 9,11-dihydrogracillin A (37), which have been frequently isolated from C. luteomarginata skin extracts, were found for the first time in extracts of the dietary sponges Pleraplysilla sp. and Aplysilla sp. One of the new terpenoids, cadlinaldehyde (30), has an unprecedented degraded sesterterpenoid skeleton. Keywords: nudibranch, sponge, terpenoids, structure elucidation.

GROUND RELEASES OF TRICHOGRAMMA MINUTUM RILEY (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1987 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Smith ◽  
M. Hubbes ◽  
J.R. Carrow
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Strategy ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Inundative Release ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trichogramma Minutum ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Natural Parasitism

AbstractDuring 1982 and 1984, ground releases of Trichogramma minutum Riley were assessed for control of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), on 12- to 20-year-old, white spruce stands in northern Ontario. Maximum parasitism of susceptible egg masses was 16 and 87% following the release of 480 000 and 12 million female T. minutum per hectare, respectively. Releases at intervals of 1 week maintained parasitism of susceptible egg masses at constant levels throughout the oviposition period of spruce budworm. When parasitism of susceptible egg masses was maintained above 78.2% during the ovipositional period, total egg mass parasitism averaged 58.0% and resulted in an 80.3% reduction of overwintering 2nd-instar larvae. The optimal strategy for reducing spruce budworm was two releases of T. minutum at an interval of 1 week in the ovipositional period. This allowed a second generation of parasitoids to emerge from the spruce budworm eggs that were more efficient in maintaining high levels of parasitism than those emerging from the standard rearing host. Natural parasitism of spruce budworm egg masses was less than 4% and there was no carryover of parasitism in the years following inundative release. The rate of T. minutum release necessary to achieve effective mortality of spruce budworm during outbreak populations is discussed briefly.

Survival to hatching of fishes in sulfate-saline waters, Devils Lake, North Dakota

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd M. Koel ◽  
John J. Peterka
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Devils Lake ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Species Survival

Laboratory-based bioassays were conducted to determine concentrations of sodium-sulfate type salinities that limit the hatching success of several fish species. Survival to hatching (SH) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in sodium-sulfate type waters from Devils Lake, North Dakota, of ≥ 2400 mg/L total dissolved solids (TDS) than in fresh water of 200 mg/L. In waters of 200, 1150, 2400, 4250, and 6350 mg/L TDS, walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) SH was 41, 38, 7, 1, and 0%; northern pike (Esox lucius) SH was 92, 68, 33, 2, and 0%; yellow perch (Perca flavescens) SH was 88, 70, 73, 0, and 0%; white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) SH was 87, 95, 66, 0, and 0%; common carp (Cyprinus carpio) SH was 71, 69, 49, 63, and 25%.

Sexual reproduction and larval development of Rhaphidrilus nemasoma Monticelli, 1910 (Polychaeta: Ctenodrilidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2345-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yuan Qian ◽  
Fu-Shiang Chia
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Benthic Diatoms ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trochophore Stage

Adult specimens and egg masses of Rhaphidrilus nemasoma were collected in the low intertidal zone from Execution Rock, Bamfield, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, in June of 1986. Each egg mass contained about 1000 eggs. The eggs were green, spherical, and measured 125–145 μm in diameter. Larval development took place within the egg mass until the three-or four-setiger stage, at which time they emerged from the egg mass. Newly emerged larvae crawled on the bottom of the culture beakers and fed on benthic diatoms. Metamorphosis took place soon after emergence and was completed within 2 weeks. Paddle cilia were observed at the early trochophore stage, and their possible function, and the extremely high fecundity of this polychaete, are discussed.

scholarly journals Implementing Mass Rearing of Trissolcus japonicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) on Cold-Stored Host Eggs

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 840
Author(s):  
Barbara Bittau ◽  
Maria Luisa Dindo ◽  
Giovanni Burgio ◽  
Giuseppino Sabbatini-Peverieri ◽  
Kim Alan Hoelmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Promising Solution

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a pest of Asian origin, has been causing severe damage to Italian agriculture. The application of classical biological control by the release of Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), an exotic egg parasitoid, appears to be one promising solution. In Italy, releases of T. japonicus in the field were authorized in 2020. In this study, some parameters that could influence the rearing of T. japonicus in insectaries were investigated. A significantly higher production of progeny was observed on host eggs stored at 6 °C (86.5%) compared to −24 °C (48.8%) for up to two months prior to exposure to parasitism. There were no significant differences in progeny production from single females in a vial provided with only one egg mass (83.2%) or 10 females inside a cage with 6 egg masses (83.9%). The exposure of parasitoids to refrigerated (6 °C) egg masses of H. halys for 72 h led to a significantly higher production of progeny (62.1%) compared to shorter exposures for 48 (44.0%) or 24 h (37.1%). A decline in production of progeny by the same female was detected between the first (62.1%) and the second parasitization (41.3%). Adult parasitoids stored at 16 °C for up to 90 days had an 87.1% survival rate, but a significant decrease in progeny production was detected. These parameters could be adjusted when rearing T. japonicus for specific aims such as the production of individuals for field release or colony maintenance.

scholarly journals Match–Mismatch Regulation for Bluegill and Yellow Perch Larvae and Their Prey in Sandhill Lakes

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Jolley ◽  
David W. Willis ◽  
Richard S. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Prey Selection ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Fish Recruitment ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae

Abstract Food availability may regulate fish recruitment, both directly and indirectly. The availability of zooplankton, especially to newly hatched larvae, is thought to be crucial to their early growth and survival. We examined stomach contents of larval bluegill Lepomis macrochirus and yellow perch Perca flavescens in Pelican Lake and Cameron Lake, Nebraska, in 2004 and 2005. We also determined zooplankton availability and calculated prey selection using Chesson's α. In addition, we investigated potential match–mismatch regulation of recruitment from 2004 to 2008. Bluegill positively selected copepod nauplii and Bosmina spp., and yellow perch often selected copepods. Abundant zooplankton populations were available for consumption. Matches of both larval bluegill and yellow perch abundance to zooplankton abundance were detected in all years; exact matches were common. Mismatches in predator and prey production were not observed. Predation by age-0 yellow perch on age-0 bluegill was not observed, even though yellow perch hatched 2 mo prior to bluegill. Given that zooplankton were abundant and well-timed to larval fish relative abundance over the time span of this study, the match–mismatch hypothesis alone may not fully account for observed recruitment variability in these populations. Environmental conditions may also affect recruitment and warrant further investigation.

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