Birth to weaning in 4 days: remarkable growth in the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2841-2846 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Bowen ◽  
O. T. Oftedal ◽  
D. J. Boness
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Cystophora Cristata ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Maternal Effort

A brief lactation period with rapid neonatal weight gain may be adaptive for seals breeding on unstable pack ice. We studied the duration of lactation and growth of known-age pups of the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata, on the pack ice off Labrador. Mean body weight of pups increased from 22.0 kg at birth (n = 21) to a maximum of 42.6 kg on day 4 (n = 11) and then declined. On the basis of maternal absence, weight change, gastric contents, and clarity of blood serum, we conclude that pups are weaned 4 days after birth (range, 3–5 days). This is the shortest lactation period known for any mammal. Tagged pups captured on sequential days gained on average 7.1 kg per 24 h from the day after birth to weaning. Maternal effort supported a relative rate of weight gain (145 g∙kg maternal weight−0.75∙day−1) that is 2.5–6 times that of other phocids. By combining a large birth weight with rapid neonatal weight gain, hooded seals achieve a weaning weight comparable to other phocids in one-third to one-tenth the amount of time after birth.

Mass transfer from mother to pup and subsequent mass loss by the weaned pup in the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Bowen ◽  
D. J. Boness ◽  
O. T. Oftedal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Elephant Seals ◽  
Cystophora Cristata ◽  
Northern Elephant Seals ◽  
Efficient Transfer

We studied the components of mass transfer from mother to pup during the lactation period and weight loss by fasting pups postweaning in the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata. Measurements were taken from 33 mother–pup pairs and 69 weaned pups. Mean body weight of mothers declined from an average of 179 kg at the beginning of lactation to 150 kg for mothers nursing fat pups near the end of lactation. Over 80% of this weight loss was from the sculp (i.e., skin and blubber). Pup weight doubled during the 4 days of lactation, with about 70% of this weight gain in the form of blubber. Fasting pups lost 29% or 13 kg of their body weight between weaning and mid to late April when feeding begins. Sculp and core weight accounted for 51% and 49%, respectively, of total weight loss during this fasting period. Hooded seal mothers invest a smaller portion of their stored fat (33%) in their pup than do grey seals (85%) and northern elephant seals (58%). Our hooded seal data are consistent with the hypothesis that the abbreviation of lactation allows a reduction in overhead costs and more efficient transfer of nutrients from mother to pup.

The composition of hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) milk: an adaptation for postnatal fattening

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav T. Oftedal ◽  
Daryl J. Boness ◽  
W. Don Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Cystophora Cristata ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Pack Ice ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Postnatal Weight Gain

We obtained milk from 22 hooded seals on pack ice off the southeast coast of Labrador. Milk composition was not affected by degree of mammary evacuation or method of milk collection (drug immobilization vs. postmortem collection). Lactation stage exerted relatively little influence on milk composition over the course of the 4-day lactation period, but colostrum was higher in crude protein content. At mid to late lactation (2 – 4 days postpartum), hooded seal milk contains the highest dry matter (70%), fat (61%), and gross energy (5.9 kcal/g) contents that have been reported for any mammalian milk. This high fat content may be essential to achievement of the extremely rapid rate of fat deposition (about 4 kg/d) by suckling pups. The relatively low protein content (4.9%) at mid to late lactation is consistent with the small proportion of postnatal weight gain that is lean body mass. The proportion of milk energy contributed by protein is the lowest known for any mammal.

Effect of maternal weight gain during pregnancy on exercise performance

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 1173-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Carpenter ◽  
S. P. Sady ◽  
M. A. Sady ◽  
B. Haydon ◽  
D. R. Coustan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

We examined the effect of maternal weight gain during pregnancy on exercise performance. Ten women performed submaximal cycle (up to 60 W) and treadmill (4 km/h, up to 10% grade) exercise tests at 34 +/- 1.5 (SD) wk gestation and 7.6 +/- 1.7 wk postpartum. Postpartum subjects wearing weighted belts designed to equal their body weight during the antepartum tests performed two additional treadmill tests. Absolute O2 uptake (VO2) at the same work load was higher during pregnancy than postpartum during cycle (1.04 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.95 +/- 0.09 l/min, P = 0.014), treadmill (1.45 +/- 0.19 vs. 1.27 +/- 0.20 l/min, P = 0.0002), and weighted treadmill (1.45 +/ 0.19 vs. 1.36 +/- 0.20 l/min, P = 0.04) exercise. None of these differences remained, however, when VO2 was expressed per kilogram of body weight. Maximal VO2 (VO2max) estimated from the individual heart rate-VO2 curves was the same during and after pregnancy during cycling (1.96 +/- 0.37 to 1.98 +/- 0.39 l/min), whereas estimated VO2max increased postpartum during treadmill (2.04 +/- 0.38 to 2.21 +/- 0.36 l/min, P = 0.03) and weighted treadmill (2.04 +/- 0.38 to 2.19 +/- 0.38 l/min, P = 0.03) exercise. We conclude that increased body weight during pregnancy compared with the postpartum period accounts for 75% of the increased VO2 during submaximal weight-bearing exertion in pregnancy and contributes to reduced exercise capacity. The postpartum increase in estimated VO2max during weight-bearing exercise is the result of consistently higher antepartum heart rates during all submaximal work loads.

scholarly journals Gestational weight gain is a risk factor of stunting among children aged 6-23 months in Bangli District, Bali, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Ayu Wulan Noviyanti ◽  
I Gusti Lanang Sidiartha ◽  
Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri ◽  
Kadek Tresna Adhi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy ◽  
Control Study

Background and purpose: Stunting in children is a chronic nutritional concern that has short-term and long-term health effects. Several studies have shown inconsistent results related to the association between stunting and anemia and increased maternal weight during pregnancy. This study aims to determine anemia during pregnancy, increased body weight and weight gain during pregnancy based on body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy stunting with.Method: A case control study was carried out using the baseline data of an intervention studyconducted from April to September to prevent stunting in children aged 6-23 months in nine villages in Bangli District, Bali Province. Baseline data collection was conducted from December 2017–February 2018 by interviews with 330 mothers of the children and observation of their ANC records. The number of samples for the case control study was 156 children aged 6-23 months consisting of 78 cases and 78 controls (1:1). Cases were selected by systematic random sampling from 82 children with stunting and controls were selected in the same way from 248 children without stunting. Data analyzed were maternal age at pregnancy, education, employment, number of children, family income, height, hemoglobin level and maternal body weight during pregnancy. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was conducted to determine the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of each risk factor.Results: The increase in maternal weight during pregnancy which is not in accordance with maternal BMI before pregnancy and an increase in maternal weight of <10 or >12.5 kilograms are significantly associated with stunting with AOR=3.53 (95%CI: 1,55-8.07) and AOR=3.31 (95%CI: 1.24-8.85). Hemoglobin <11gr/dL during pregnancy was not found to be significantly associated with stunting (AOR=5.02; 95%CI: 0.80–31.71).Conclusion: The increase of maternal weight during pregnancy which is not suitable with BMI before pregnancy and an increase in maternal weight of <10 or >12.5 kilograms are risk factors for stunting in children aged 6-23 months. In addition to monitoring the increase of maternal weight during pregnancy, it is important to consider the mother's BMI before pregnancy in order to reduce the risk of stunting.

scholarly journals The Influence of Three Months Injectable KB of Depo Medroksi Progesteron Acetate (DMPA) on Agency Weight in Tanah Abang Public Health Center, Jakarta, 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Dina Raidanti ◽  
Wahidin Wahidin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Injectable Contraceptives

The most popular method of contraception is injectable contraception. One of the most widely used types of injection kb methods are injectable contraceptives with the type of Noretisterone Enentat (NETEN), Depo Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (DMPA) and Cyclofem. Although widely used, injectable contraceptives have drawbacks. One of the side effects that arise is irregular menstrual patterns such as amenorrhea, menorrhea and spotting, low eversibility, and weight gain of acceptors. Destination:. There is an increase in body weight in mothers, therefore this study aims to determine the relationship between the use of kb injections and maternal weight gain at the Tanah Abang Public Health Center, Jakarta. Methods: This study is an observational analytic study with a case control design to analyze the extent to which risk factors affect The occurrence of an effect in this case is an increase in body weight of the DMPA-type injection family planning acceptors. Result :. Based on the increase in body weight in the case group, 54.2% of DMPA injection family planning acceptors did not show any relative weight gain. However, 59.2% of the DMPA injection family planning acceptor cases experienced weight gain. The increase that occurs between 1 - 2 Kg, further DMPA injection family planning acceptors are at risk of experiencing weight gain 2,310 times faster when compared to non DMPA family planning acceptors. However, KB with the DMPA injection method is not the main factor that causes weight gain, this is indicated by the results of the significance test with Cochran & Mantel Haenszel, the results obtained are X2 count (2.089) <X2 Table (3.841) or p (0.148)> ? (0.050) and CI (0.872; 6.118).

scholarly journals Pengaruh berat badan induk terhadap berat lahir dan pertambahan bobot badan pedet pada sapi bali yang dipelihara secara semi-intensif di kabupaten belu

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Jenitha Verawati Fallo ◽  
Enike Dwi Kusumawati ◽  
Aju Tjatur Nugroho Krisnaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Daily Body Weight

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh berat badan induk terhadap berat lahir dan pertambahan bobot badan pedet pada sapi Bali yang dipelihara secara semi-intensif. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 ekor induk sapi Bali dengan umur 3-5 tahun dan 30 ekor pedet sapi Bali dari tahun 2015 sampai 2017. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan analisis data dari data recording, dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu P1 bobot badan 151-200 Kg, P2 bobot badan 201-250 Kg, P3 bobot badan 251-300 Kg dengan masing-masing perlakuan di ulangan 10 kali. Variabel yang diukur adalah berat lahir sapi Bali dan pertambahan bobot badan harian, data dianalisa menggunakan analisa varian.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berat badan induk tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap berat lahir dan pertambahan bobot badan pedet pada sapi Bali yang dipelihara secara semi-intensif (P>0,05), dengan berat lahir pedet tertinggi 20 Kg pada kelompok bobot badan induk 251 – 300 Kg, demikian pula pada kelompok bobot badan induk 251-300 Kg pertambahan bobot badan pedet tertimggi adalah 0,87 Kg. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa berat lahir dan pertambahan bobot badan pedet pada sapi Bali tidak dipengaruhi oleh berat badan induk pada sistem pemeliharaan semi-intensif.   Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of maternal weight on birth weight and calf weight gain in semi-intensive Balinese cattle.The material used in this study were 30 Balinese cows with 3-5 years of age and 30 Balinese calves from 2015 to 2017. The method used in this study was a quantitative method by analyzing data from recording data, with 3 treatments namely P1 body weight 151-200 Kg, P2 body weight 201-250 Kg, P3 body weight 251-300 Kg with replication is not the same, namely 10 replications. The variables measured were Bali cattle birth weight and daily body weight gain and analyzed the data using a completely randomized design.The results of this study indicate that maternal body weight did not have a significant effect on birth weight and calf weight gain in semi-intensive Balinese cattle (P> 0.05), with the highest calf birth weight 20 Kg in the body weight group the main 251 - 300 Kg, as well as the parent body weight 251-300 Kg the highest increase in calf body weight was 0.87 Kg. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that birth weight and calf weight gain in Balinese cattle are not influenced by the body weight of the semi-intensive maintenance system.

Plasma and blood volumes of the hooded seal (Cystophora cristata)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1866-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Keiver ◽  
M. Chandler ◽  
R. J. Frank ◽  
K. Ronald
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Hooded Seal ◽  
Cystophora Cristata ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Blood Volumes

Plasma volumes and haematocrits were determined in six hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) and blood volumes were estimated. Expressed on a total body weight basis, plasma volume was found to range from 39 to 109 mL∙kg−1 and blood volume from 93 to 222 mL∙kg−1. Logarithms of the values for plasma and blood volume varied directly with the total body weight of the seals.

scholarly journals Maternal Weight Gain in Pregnancy and Risk of Obesity among Offspring: A Systematic Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Y. Lau ◽  
Junxiu Liu ◽  
Edward Archer ◽  
Samantha M. McDonald ◽  
Jihong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Weight Outcomes ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
English Articles

Objectives. To systematically review the evidence from prospective and retrospective cohort studies on the association between gestational weight gain (GWG) and offspring’s body weight.Methods. Electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Academic Search Premiere were searched from inception through March 18, 2013. Included studies (n=23) were English articles that examined the independent associations of GWG with body mass index (BMI) and/or overweight status in the offspring aged 2 to 18.9 years. Two authors independently extracted the data and assessed methodological quality of the included studies.Results. Evidence from cohort studies supports that total GWG and exceeding the Institute of Medicine maternal weight gain recommendation were associated with higher BMIz-score and elevated risk of overweight or obesity in offspring. The evidence of high rate of GWG during early- and mid-pregnancy is suggestive. Additionally, the evidence on inadequate GWG and net GWG in relation to body weight outcomes in offspring is insufficient to draw conclusions.Conclusions. These findings suggest that GWG is a potential risk factor for childhood obesity. However, findings should be interpreted with caution due to measurement issues of GWG and potential confounding effects of shared familial characteristics (i.e., genetics and maternal and child’s lifestyle factors).

scholarly journals The influence of monitoring activities on maternal weight gain among pregnant women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Widodo ◽  
Sri Sumarmi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Thrifty Phenotype

Background: The relationship between nutritional status in early life and the risk of chronic diseases in the future development of the child is a critical factor that needs to be considered. The basic factors that can help in this case include thrifty phenotype hypothesis, developmental plasticity, fetal programming and weight gain regulation. This study aims to determine the average increase in weight gain before and after mentoring program. Design and methods: The sample was taken randomly from 191 pregnant women. From number of women mentored, 106 that met the inclusion criteria. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test then was used in the data analysis.Results: The results show that the average body weight of women increased 18.94%, while the BMI rose by 7.46%. Mentoring program led to an increase in maternal body weight, indicated with a P-value of 0.000.Conclusions: In conclusion, mentoring program influences bodyweight in pregnant women. Therefore, it is vital to maintain a high nutritional status during pregnancy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document