The effect of temperature on rate of egg and larval development in populations of Argia vivida Hagen (Odonata: Coenagrionidae) from habitats with different thermal regimes

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 2578-2582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Leggott ◽  
Gordon Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Thermal Regimes ◽  
Geothermal Regime

The hypothesis was tested that isolated populations of Argia vivida living in habitats with different thermal regimes would show similar rates of egg and larval development when reared at any constant temperature. Eggs from three populations developed and hatched normally over the temperature range 12.5–32.5 °C, but development rates at 15 and 20 °C were faster in a population from a habitat with daily and annual fluctuations in temperature (Deep Creek, Idaho) than in a population from a more stable geothermal regime (Banff, Alberta), which were in turn faster than in a population from a geothermal site with damped annual fluctuations (Albert Canyon, British Columbia). However, differences between slope or intercept values for the regressions of development time on temperature from the three sites were not statistically significant. Growth rates for Deep Creek larvae were also generally higher than for Banff larvae at all temperatures in all instars, but few of these differences were statistically significant. An estimate of 2600 degree-days above 11.25 °C for completion of egg and larval development leads to prediction of a 1-year life cycle at Banff, a 2- or 3-year life cycle at Deep Creek, and a 3-year life cycle at Albert Canyon.

scholarly journals Development time plasticity of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) populations under laboratory conditions

Entomologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Berardi ◽  
M. Branco ◽  
M.R. Paiva ◽  
H. Santos ◽  
A. Battisti
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Thaumetopoea Pityocampa ◽  
Pine Processionary Moth ◽  
Processionary Moth ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Populations

The pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae) is a univoltine defoliator that is active over a wide range of latitudes and elevations, being largely influenced by temperature variations, especially during larval development across the winter. This work compares field development time with that observed in the laboratory rearing under controlled conditions, in four Th. pityocampa populations characterized by different life history phenology: two populations from the Italian Alps characterized by early and late adult emergence, and two populations from Portugal, the first characterized by winter feeding and late adult emergence, the second by a switch of the larval feeding from winter to summer. The rearing started from the egg stage and was maintained in the laboratory at 20-25°C under natural light in transparent boxes. In spite of the different geographic origins and asynchrony of the period of larval development, all populations maintained an annual life cycle under laboratory conditions, as well as a phenology similar to that of the field populations. Such an outcome was possible due to a trade-off in the duration of the larval and pupal stages, the latter being identified as the phase of development when an efficient regulatory mechanism is acting to maintain the univoltine life cycle.

Effect of temperature on the life cycle of Heterodera schachtii infecting oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 855-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Kakaire ◽  
Ivan G. Grove ◽  
Patrick P.J. Haydock
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
The Uk

Oilseed rape (OSR; Brassica napus L.) is a crop of increasing world importance and suffers yield loss when infected with Heterodera schachtii. The in vitro hatch, in planta root invasion and development of a field population of H. schachtii were investigated in six thermostatically-controlled water baths at temperatures of 5.0, 10.1, 20.5, 27.8, 32.2 and 37.5°C in a glasshouse. The UK winter OSR cvs Flash and Castille were used. Temperature was shown to have a major influence on the development of H. schachtii in OSR. The highest cumulative percentage hatch of second-stage juveniles (J2) observed over an 8-week incubation period occurred between 20.5 and 27.8°C in leachates of both OSR cultivars, indicating that this is the optimum temperature range for hatching of this population. Cumulative hatch was lowest at 37.5 and 5.0°C. Root invasion was inhibited at 5.0 and 37.5°C, whilst the highest number of J2 invaded the roots between 20.5 and 32.2°C, indicating that this is the optimum temperature range for root invasion. The life cycle took between 21 days at 20.5°C and 42 days at 5.0°C from the inoculated J2 to the J2 of the second generation, with the associated accumulated heat units (AHU) of 424 and 203 degree-days with a base temperature (Tb) of 5.0°C. The optimum temperature range (To) for development was between 20.5 and 27.8°C and the maximum (Tm) was 37.5°C. As temperature increased, the AHU required to complete the life cycle increased from 203 degree-days at 5.0°C to 1406 at 37.5°C. Leachates from both OSR cultivars stimulated more J2 to hatch than the distilled water controls. No significant cultivar differences were observed for J2 hatching, root invasion and duration of the life cycle at the different temperatures but significantly more cysts of the second generation (g root)−1 were observed in cv. Flash than cv. Castille at 27.8 and 32.2°C, suggesting that the latter cultivar is a poorer host of H. schachtii than cv. Flash. This is the first report of the effect of temperature on H. schachtii development on current winter OSR cultivars in the UK and provides insight into the potential effects of climate change on the nematode-host interaction.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE LIFE-CYCLE OF ANAX JUNIUS (ODONATA: AESHNIDAE) IN CANADA

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 1671-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Resident Population ◽  
Anax Junius

AbstractThe effect of temperature on the rate of development of Anax junius Drury was studied. Monthly larval samples were carried out for 2 years and laboratory experiments were conducted at constant temperatures. Field studies, at a eutrophic pond near Toronto, showed that in Canada populations of A. junius are not only maintained by migrants each year but also by residents. Two distinct populations were found, a summer (non-resident) population which developed from oviposition to emergence in approximately 3 months, from June to September, and an overwintering (resident) population which overwintered as half-grown larvae and developed in approximately 11 months from mid-July of one calendar year to the end of June of the next year. The former population was larger and comprised approximately 48% males and the latter was smaller and comprised approximately 41% males. A threshold temperature of development of 8.7° ± 0.1 °C was determined in the laboratory for the development of final-instar larvae of the summer population. The rate of development of final-instar larvae, reared at constant temperature, was similar to that of the entire summer aquatic stages which developed in fluctuating temperature. An average of 1332 degree-days ± 1% was required for development from the onset of oviposition to the onset of emergence of the summer population; whereas 20.5% more degree-days were required for the development of the overwintering population, employing the threshold temperature of 8.7 °C as determined for the summer population.It is recommended that correlation between degree-day totals and duration of larval development be used in further studies as a means for understanding the migration pattern and also the climatic limit of distribution for A. junius.

scholarly journals Suitability of valued eucalypt species for the larval development of the gum leaf skeletoniser Uraba lugens

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J.B. Potter ◽  
A.E.A. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Nitens ◽  
Intermediate Range

Gum leaf skeletoniser Uraba lugens is native to Australia and is a common defoliator of Eucalyptus Uraba lugens was first recorded in New Zealand in 1992 and is now well established in the Auckland region As U lugens has the potential to damage Eucalyptus in New Zealand nochoice larval development trials were used to assess the ability of U lugens larvae to develop on 18 Eucalyptus species that are highly valued in New Zealand Eucalyptus nitens and E nicholii were the most suitable larval hosts as larval mortality was low and development time was brief Larvae reared on E fastigata had a rapid development time and high growth rates resulting in heavy female pupae although larval mortality was in the intermediate range Species that were least suitable for U lugens development included Corymbia maculata E microcorys the juvenile foliage of E globulus globulus and E globulus maidenii

Comparison of copper sulphate pentahydrate growth rates determined by different methods

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 1691-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Karel ◽  
Jiří Hostomský ◽  
Jaroslav Nývlt ◽  
Axel König
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Crystal Growth Rate ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Data Treatment

Crystal growth rates of copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5 H2O) determined by different authors and methods are compared. The methods included in this comparison are: (i) Measurement on a fixed crystal suspended in a streaming solution, (ii) measurement on a rotating disc, (iii) measurement in a fluidized bed, (iv) measurement in an agitated suspension. The comparison involves critical estimation of the supersaturation used in measurements, of shape factors used for data treatment and a correction for the effect of temperature. Conclusions are drawn for the choice of values to be specified when data of crystal growth rate measurements are published.

The missing links: larval and post-larval development of the ascoglossan opisthobranch Elysia viridis

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia D. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Algal Diet ◽  
Better Than

The stenophagous ascoglossan (=sacoglossan) opisthobranch Elysia viridis has long been a model organism for the study of endosymbiosis or kleptoplasty as well as one of the few herbivores to consume the introduced green macroalga Codium fragile on European shores. Larval and post-larval dynamics of the ascoglossan were investigated. Planktotrophic larvae of E. viridis grew at 5–10 μm d−1 (shell length) at 15°C on a unicellular algal diet (the cryptophyte Rhodomonas baltica); larvae became competent one month post-hatching. Effective feeding and chloroplast acquisition typically started within 2–3 d of metamorphosis. Slugs grew about 8 mm in the first month of post-larval life. During this period, juveniles held in the light did not grow faster or survive better than conspecifics held in the dark; thus, functional kleptoplasty did not occur during first three weeks of benthic life. While larval growth rates and the nature of metamorphic cues are consistent with those of many other opisthobranch species with planktotrophic larvae, measures of post-larval growth—particularly as it pertains to kleptoplasty—is a new contribution to opisthobranch biology.

Effect of temperature and salinity on larval development of southern king crab (Lithodes antarcticus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Vinuesa ◽  
L. Ferrari ◽  
R. J. Lombardo
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
King Crab

Production of uredinia and telia by stalactiform blister rust in British Columbia

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. van der Kamp
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Alternate Hosts ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Do So

Records of uredinia and telia production on the alternate hosts of Cronartium coleosporioides in British Columbia and inoculation of Castilleja miniata with aeciospores collected from various locations showed that rust isolates from dry areas of the interior of British Columbia do not produce uredinia and may have lost the ability to do so. Collections from somewhat wetter areas produced uredinia or mixtures of uredinia and telia immediately following aeciospore inoculations, and field collections from such areas in June commonly had mixtures of uredinia and telia. Loss of the uredinial stage may be a response to climates that are often unsuitable for the spread or survival of the rust on the alternate host. Key words: stalactiform rust, uredinia, telia, rust life cycle.

Sexual reproduction and larval development of Rhaphidrilus nemasoma Monticelli, 1910 (Polychaeta: Ctenodrilidae)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2345-2351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Yuan Qian ◽  
Fu-Shiang Chia
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Benthic Diatoms ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trochophore Stage

Adult specimens and egg masses of Rhaphidrilus nemasoma were collected in the low intertidal zone from Execution Rock, Bamfield, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, in June of 1986. Each egg mass contained about 1000 eggs. The eggs were green, spherical, and measured 125–145 μm in diameter. Larval development took place within the egg mass until the three-or four-setiger stage, at which time they emerged from the egg mass. Newly emerged larvae crawled on the bottom of the culture beakers and fed on benthic diatoms. Metamorphosis took place soon after emergence and was completed within 2 weeks. Paddle cilia were observed at the early trochophore stage, and their possible function, and the extremely high fecundity of this polychaete, are discussed.

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