Social organization, spatial distribution, and population density of wolves in relation to moose density

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1068-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Messier
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Pack Size ◽  
Behavioral Attributes ◽  
Density Threshold

This 4-year study compared population density and related behavioral attributes of wolves (14 packs) at two different moose densities: 0.23 (LP, low prey density), and 0.37 (HP, high prey density) moose∙km−2. Wolf densities in January averaged 0.8 and 1.4 animals∙100 km−2, packs consisted of 3.7 and 5.7 individuals, year-long territory sizes were 255 and 390 km2, and interstices between territories represented 30 and [Formula: see text] of available area, for the LP and HP areas, respectively. Territory size increased significantly with pack size. The LP wolf population suffered from a higher mortality rate owing to a higher occurrence of deaths from malnutrition and intraspecific strife, and from a lower success in producing pups (61% of the possible occasions, compared with 93% in HP). When no other ungulate species is present, a density of 0.2 moose∙km−2 would approximate the density threshold below which a pack could not subsist and (or) reproduce successfully. The study reveals that naturally regulated moose–wolf systems may stabilize at low prey and low predator densities.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Mortality Rate and Its Incidence in Latin America: Dependence on Demographic and Economic Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6900
Author(s):  
Javier Cifuentes-Faura
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Quality Infrastructure

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has left millions infected and dead around the world, with Latin America being one of the most affected areas. In this work, we have sought to determine, by means of a multiple regression analysis and a study of correlations, the influence of population density, life expectancy, and proportion of the population in vulnerable employment, together with GDP per capita, on the mortality rate due to COVID-19 in Latin American countries. The results indicated that countries with higher population density had lower numbers of deaths. Population in vulnerable employment and GDP showed a positive influence, while life expectancy did not appear to significantly affect the number of COVID-19 deaths. In addition, the influence of these variables on the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 was analyzed. It can be concluded that the lack of resources can be a major burden for the vulnerable population in combating COVID-19 and that population density can ensure better designed institutions and quality infrastructure to achieve social distancing and, together with effective measures, lower death rates.

scholarly journals Prey Density Threshold and Tidal Influence on Reef Manta Ray Foraging at an Aggregation Site on the Great Barrier Reef

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e0153393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asia O. Armstrong ◽  
Amelia J. Armstrong ◽  
Fabrice R. A. Jaine ◽  
Lydie I. E. Couturier ◽  
Kym Fiora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Tidal Influence ◽  
Aggregation Site ◽  
Manta Ray ◽  
Reef Manta Ray ◽  
Density Threshold

scholarly journals A Quantitative Evaluation of the Multiple Narratives of the Recent Sahelian Regreening*

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimi Stith ◽  
Alessandra Giannini ◽  
John del Corral ◽  
Susana Adamo ◽  
Alex de Sherbinin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Second Category ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A spatial analysis is presented that aims to synthesize the evidence for climate and social dimensions of the “regreening” of the Sahel. Using an independently constructed archival database of donor-funded interventions in Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Senegal in response to the persistence of drought in the 1970s and 1980s, the spatial distribution of these interventions is examined in relation to population density and to trends in precipitation and in greenness. Three categories of environmental change are classified: 1) regions at the northern grassland/shrubland edge of the Sahel where NDVI varies interannually with precipitation, 2) densely populated cropland regions of the Sahel where significant trends in precipitation and NDVI decouple at interannual time scales, and 3) regions at the southern savanna edge of the Sahel where NDVI variation is independent of precipitation. Examination of the spatial distribution of environmental change, number of development projects, and population density brings to the fore the second category, covering the cropland areas where population density and regreening are higher than average. While few, regions in this category coincide with emerging hotspots of regreening in northern Burkina Faso and southern central Niger known from case study literature. In examining the impact of efforts to rejuvenate the Sahelian environment and livelihoods in the aftermath of the droughts of the 1970s and 1980s against the backdrop of a varying and uncertain climate, the transition from desertification to regreening discourses is framed in the context of adaptation to climate change.

scholarly journals Geospatial characterizing of Under-Five Mortality in Alexandria, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Adel Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Ramadan ◽  
Mohamed Mostafa Tahoun ◽  
Abdelrahman Omran ◽  
Shimaa Gad El-karim Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Size Population ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Alexandria City ◽  
Low Incidence

This study aimed to identify geo-spatial pattern of under-five mortality (U5M) in Alexandria and its key determinants. We analyzed the geospatial distribution of 3064 deaths registered at 24 health offices reported from January 2018 to June 2019. The localities of Alexandria city were clustered into high and low incidence areas. Neonates represented 58.7% of U5M, while post-neonates and children were 31.1%, 10.2% respectively. Male deaths were significantly higher (P=0.036). The main leading causes of U5M were prematurity (28.32%), pneumonia (11.01%), cardiac arrest (10.57%), congenital malformation (9.95%), and childhood cardiovascular diseases (9.20%). Spatial distribution of U5M (including the most common three causes) tend to be clustered in western parts of Alexandria (El Hawaria, Bahig, Hamlis and Ketaa Maryiut). Another 9 clusters are at risk of being hotspots. Illiteracy, divorce, and poor locality characteristics (household size, population density, and access to water supply and sanitation), were statistically significant predictors of U5M.

scholarly journals Controversial approach to wolf management in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jana Lososová ◽  
Jindřiška Kouřilová ◽  
Nikola Soukupová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Wolf Population ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wolf Management ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Relationship

Expansion of the wolf in the Czech Republic results in an increasing conflict between nature conservationists and other landscape users. In March 2020, the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic issued the "Wolf Management Programme". The document provoked negative reactions from organisations of farmers, breeders, and hunters. The article deals with the key issues triggered by the conflict and the attitudes of actors involved. We want to clarify to what extent the solutions designed by individual parties help to mitigate the conflict and how the financial demands related to this issue have been evolving. The problem may seem marginal in the Czech Republic, but the wolf population density in some regions may already be close to its bearable maximum. Key problems are the identification of specific target numbers of wolves, the absence of zoning as a future option, and clear rules for dealing with direct encounters of wolves with humans. The benefit of wolf management is primarily the sum of preventive measures it aims to address, but the relationship with other main actors and the area of education and promotion is debatable as it represents a further increase in the absorption of public funds without guarantees of effectiveness.

Paddlefish Management, Propagation, and Conservation in the 21st Century

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Population Density ◽  
21St Century ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Annual Mortality ◽  
Remnant Population

<em>Abstract</em>.—Paddlefish <em>Polyodon spathula </em>vanished from areas of the upper Tombigbee River basin in Mississippi and Alabama during the 1950s, long before channelization and damming associated with construction of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (TTW) were completed in 1984. This study was undertaken to assess distribution and population dynamics of any remaining stock. Paddlefish were not captured in upstream impoundments, but an unexploited remnant population was located in the downstream impoundment: Demopolis Lake, Alabama. Paddlefish in Demopolis Lake were characterized by a population density of 2.6 fish/ha, high growth rate relative to more northern populations, and natural annual mortality rate (<em>A </em>= 0.406) similar to other southern populations. Two wintering habitats (cutoff bendways) were heavily utilized by paddlefish. Large males primarily inhabited the more lotic bendway while females and small males were more common in the more lentic bendway, indicating differential importance of habitats among demographic groups. The restricted distribution of TTW paddlefish and demographic differences between habitats suggest that areas heavily utilized by paddlefish should be protected from further degradation. Sedimentation has resulted in reductions of bendway depth and reduced connectivity of backwaters, reducing availability of suitable paddlefish habitat. Restoring connectivity of bendways through dredging could reverse this trend and provide other benefits to fisheries.

Remarks on the spatial distribution of a reproducing population

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. C. Kingman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Poisson Process ◽  
Limiting Distribution ◽  
Statistical Equilibrium ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Simple Models

Several authors have noted that simple models for the evolution of a reproducing and spatially distributed population have no limiting distribution, although a Poisson process in statistical equilibrium has sometimes been implicitly assumed. It is shown that, even when a mechanism for restricting population density is postulated, a Poisson process is usually impossible to achieve, essentially because of an assumption of independent displacements. When this assumption is abandoned, a Poisson process is possible, at least for some highly idealised models.

scholarly journals Population Distribution in the Wake of a Sphere

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taraprasad Bhowmick ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Michele Iovieno ◽  
Gholamhossein Bagheri ◽  
Eberhard Bodenschatz
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wake Flow ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Scalar Fluxes

The physics of heat and mass transfer from an object in its wake has significant importance in natural phenomena as well as across many engineering applications. Here, we report numerical results on the population density of the spatial distribution of fluid velocity, pressure, scalar concentration, and scalar fluxes of a wake flow past a sphere in the steady wake regime (Reynolds number 25 to 285). Our findings show that the spatial population distributions of the fluid and the transported scalar quantities in the wake follow a Cauchy-Lorentz or Lorentzian trend, indicating a variation in its sample number density inversely proportional to the squared of its magnitude. We observe this universal form of population distribution both in the symmetric wake regime and in the more complex three dimensional wake structure of the steady oblique regime with Reynolds number larger than 225. The population density distribution identifies the increase in dimensionless kinetic energy and scalar fluxes with the increase in Reynolds number, whereas the dimensionless scalar population density shows negligible variation with the Reynolds number. Descriptive statistics in the form of population density distribution of the spatial distribution of the fluid velocity and the transported scalar quantities is important for understanding the transport and local reaction processes in specific regions of the wake, which can be used e.g., for understanding the microphysics of cloud droplets and aerosol interactions, or in the technical flows where droplets interact physically or chemically with the environment.

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