Fiabilité des mesures de poids et d'examens histopathologiques dans les études d'intoxication du campagnol des champs (Microtus pennsylvanicus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Bergeron ◽  
Louise Jodoin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Previous Analysis ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Lesions

The values of body weight and internal organ weights as indices of the antinutritive properties of certain plants in the diet of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) was determined by comparing these measures to results obtained by histological sections of liver and kidney. The white clover (Trifolium repens) diet is the only one to have caused kidney lesions, but diets of timothy (Phleum pratense), reed phalaris (Phalaris arundinacea), simple aster (Aster simplex) or Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) had considerable effects on the liver. Voles fed ground ivy (Glecoma hederacea) or umbellate aster (Aster umbellatus) had lesions characteristic of periportal interstitial hepatitis that normally results from an irritation. Histological analyses suggested that 10 of the 12 experimental diets had had detrimental effects on the animals, whereas measures of body or organ weight had identified only 7 of the diets; 5 of these corresponded to the diets found in a previous analysis. We therefore conclude that measurements of weight alone are insufficient and should be combined with the results of histopathological examinations in studies on antinutritive properties of plants in the diet of meadow voles.

Influence of long-term exposure to adverse environments on organ weights and histology

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry B. Hale ◽  
Roy B. Mefferd ◽  
Gordon Vawter ◽  
G. Elizabeth Foerster ◽  
Dominic Criscuolo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Temperature Dependency ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Thymus Weight ◽  
Pressure Dependency ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Induced Changes

A comparison was made of the morphological effects of cold, heat and simulated altitude on adult male rats given exposures of 24 weeks' duration. By the use of covariance analysis it was possible to determine the extent to which organ weights were dependent upon body weight and to adjust the values in order to remove body weight influences. For liver, heart and kidney, adjusted weights indicated temperature-dependency, while pressure-dependency was established for liver and kidney only. Histologically, temperature-dependency was indicated for liver, kidney, thyroid, adrenal and pituitary. Fur weight was reduced in heat but not altered in cold. Fasting in cold induced changes in adrenal and thymus weight and unusually high body weight loss; in heat, fasting caused a significant thymus weight loss without adrenal weight increase. The thymus-adrenal ratio was elevated during a 24-hour fast in all environments except cold, where it was decreased.

scholarly journals Multiple-trait QTL mapping for body and organ weights in a cross between NMRI8 and DBA/2 mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTINA NEUSCHL ◽  
GUDRUN A. BROCKMANN ◽  
SARA A. KNOTT
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Multiple Trait ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Lean Control ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Inner Organs ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Parental Lines

Multiple-trait analyses have been shown to improve the detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with multiple effects. Here we applied a multiple-trait approach on obesity- and growth-related traits that were surveyed in 275 F2 mice generated from an intercross between the high body weight selected line NMRI8 and DBA/2 as lean control. The parental lines differed 2·5-fold in body weight at the age of 6 weeks. Within the F2 population, the correlations between body weight and weights of abdominal fat weight, muscle, liver and kidney at the age of 6 weeks were about 0·8. A least squares multiple-trait QTL analysis was performed on these data to understand more precisely the cause of the genetic correlation between body weight, body composition traits and weights of inner organs. Regions on Chr 1, 2, 7 and 14 for body weights at different early ages and regions on Chr 1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 17 and 19 for organ weights at 6 weeks were found to have significant multiple effects at the genome-wide level.

Can voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) be poisoned by secondary metabolites of commonly eaten foods?

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Jean ◽  
Jean-Marie Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance

Five of the plant species most commonly eaten by meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) were tested for toxicity in laboratory conditions. These were timothy (Phleum pratense), bromegrass (Bromus inermis), reed phalaris grass (Phalaris arundinacea), white clover (Trifolium repens), and field horsetail (Equisetum arvense). Diets consisted of Purina Rabbit Lab Chow coated with increasing quantities of plant extracts. All but one diet in this study had no effect on growth or on liver and kidneys weights. The highest dose of reed phalaris grass forage (second growth) increased liver weight significantly, but such concentrations do not correspond to those in the diet of Microtus in nature. Therefore, we conclude that none of the plants tested can be considered to be toxic to voles. Our discussion stresses the importance of plant secondary metabolites particularly when voles are stressed by a nutritional imbalance.

Impact de 12 plantes communes de milieu ouvert sur les variations de poids corporel et de poids d'organes internes du campagnol des champs (Microtus pennsylvanicus)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Bergeron ◽  
Louise Jodoin
Keyword(s):  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Poids Corporel ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
And Control

Among the very abundant plants found in the habitat of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) and often used as natural food by the animal, 12 were chosen as part of the diet of subadult voles in laboratory conditions. The preferred plants were reed phalaris (Phalaris arundinacea), timothy (Phleum pratense), awnless brome-grass (Bromus inermis), Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), and couchgrass (Agropyron repens), which correspond to stomach analyses (done previously). Diets consisting of umbellate aster (Aster umbellatus), Canada thistle, simple aster (Aster simplex), and reed phalaris were the only ones found to cause weight loss in the animals. All diets contained a minimum of 11% crude proteins and an energy value of 4.3 kcal/g of dry weight (1 kcal = 4.1868 kJ). Weights of the spleen and adrenals did not differ significantly between treated and control animals. However, some diets caused significant decreases in the weight of the liver, while others caused significant increases in the weight of the kidneys. Many of the diets caused both effects, a phenomenon previously recorded in experiments on food poisoning in laboratory mice. Results are discussed in relation to recent hypotheses about protoxin.[Journal translation]

Canada Thistle(Cirsium arvense)Control in Timothy(Phleum pratense)and Red Clover(Trifolium pratense)Sward

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Peterson ◽  
J. V. Parochetti
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
First Year ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Two of three herbicides were applied repetitively in each of the years to a dense infestation of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.] in timothy(Phleum pratenseL.) and red clover(Trifolium pratenseL.) sward in Carroll County, Maryland during the period 1969 to 1971. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-tricloropicolinic acid), eliminated red clover from the sward after the first year, and controlled 95 to 100% of the Canada thistle in the third year of treatment. The addition of a non-phytotoxic oil to picloram did not improve its efficiency. Dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) reduced 57 to 87% of the red clover and 72% of the Canada thistle in the first year at a dosage of 1.12 kg/ha, but effected only 42% control in the third year of treatment. Both an amine and ester formulations of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] effected variable Canada thistle control and reduced the red clover stand 10 to 15% following the first application. The timothy yield was not significantly reduced during the 3 years of repeated application of all herbicides, but some necrosis of leaves was noted with dicamba and the high rate of 2,4-D. Soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Delmar’] planted 1 yr following the last picloram application had curled leaves initially, but outgrew the injury. Soybeans planted 2 yr following the last application of the herbicides showed no significant reduction in yield indicating herbicide residues had been reduced to tolerable levels.

Absorption, Translocation, and Foliar Activity of Clopyralid and Chlorsulfuron in Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) and Perennial Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm D. Devine ◽  
William H. Vanden Born
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis ◽  
Root Buds

Both14C-clopyralid (3,6-dichloropicolinic acid) and14C-chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]carbonyl]benzensulfonamide} were readily absorbed by Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop. ♯ CIRAR] leaves, with 99 and 75%, respectively, of the applied doses absorbed 144 h after application. Absorbed14C-clopyralid was rapidly exported from the treated leaves, whereas14C-chlorsulfuron was translocated much more slowly. After 144 h, 29% of the applied14C-clopyralid and 5% of the applied14C-chlorsulfuron were recovered in the roots and developing root buds of Canada thistle plants. Smaller amounts of the two herbicides were absorbed and translocated in perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL. ♯ SONAR) than in Canada thistle. More14C-clopyralid than14C-chlorsulfuron was absorbed and translocated out of treated leaves of perennial sowthistle, but equal amounts, 3 to 4% of the applied doses, were recovered in the roots and root buds 144 h after application. Foliar applications of clopyralid, followed by removal of the treated shoot 24, 72, or 144 h after application, markedly reduced shoot regrowth in both Canada thistle and perennial sowthistle. Similar treatment with chlorsulfuron did not prevent shoot regrowth in either species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document