Identification of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum and Diphyllobothrium latum from some freshwater fishes of central Canada

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Dick ◽  
B. C. Poole
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Dendriticum ◽  
Central Canada ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Latum

Two species of Diphyllobothrium occurred in Quigly Lake, Manitoba: plerocercoids of D. dendriticum encapsulated on the viscera of shallow water cisco (Coregonus artedii) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and plerocercoids of D. latum unencapsulated in the muscle of walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and northern pike (Esox lucius). Adult D. dendriticum were obtained through experimental infections of both herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), but adult D. latum developed experimentally only in the latter. The scolex position of adult D. dendriticum was more anterior than D. latum in the small intestine of hamsters. Eggs were present in utero and in the faeces by days 10–11 postinfection (PI) for D. dendriticum in hamsters and gulls and by day 17 PI for D. latum in hamsters. Adult D. dendriticum grew longer and had more segments in gulls than in hamsters. The neck length of adult D. latum was at least five times greater than the neck length of adult D. dendriticum in hamsters by day 17 PI. Viewed laterally, the seminal vesicle in adult D. dendriticum was dorsal to the cirrus sac, while in D. latum, the seminal vesicle was dorsocaudal to the cirrus sac. A constriction between segments was noted for adult D. latum only.

Influence of Water Level Drawdown on the Fish Populations of Cross Lake, Manitoba

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Gaboury ◽  
J. W. Patalas
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Northern Pike ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Water Volumes ◽  
Coregonid Fishes

Regulated discharges into Cross Lake, Manitoba, resulted in average summer water volumes in 1980 and 1981 that were 49% lower than preregulated volumes. Water level drawdown in the summer reduces the amount of available habitat. Consequently, the standing crops of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum), northern pike (Esox lucius), and Cisco (Coregonus artedii) are lower now than in preregulation and early postregulation years. Unusually early and rapid drawdown in March 1981 resulted in a severe winterkill, causing a substantial decrease in catches per unit of effort (CPUE) for most species from 1980 to 1981. The most affected species were whitefish and cisco, which showed a 50% reduction in CPUE from 1980 to 1981. The amount of fall to late spring drawdown and the year-class strengths of coregonid fishes were inversely related. A marked overwinter drawdown reduces whitefish and cisco hatching success apparently by dewatering their spawning areas and desiccating the eggs. Low water levels in spring prevented pike and walleye access to spawning areas.

The laboratory maintenance of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824)

Parasitology ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. E. Sharp ◽  
C. J. Secombes ◽  
A. W. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Diphyllobothrium Dendriticum ◽  
Laboratory Maintenance

SUMMARYA protocol for the routine laboratory maintenance of the life-cycle of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum, using herring gulls (Larus argentatus), Cyclops abyssorum and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ( = Salmo gairdneri) as the definitive, first and second intermediate hosts respectively, is described.

scholarly journals The herring gull Larus argentatus as a likely transmitting agent of Salmonella montevideo to sheep and cattle

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Coulson ◽  
J. Butterfield ◽  
C. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Herring Gull ◽  
Breeding Area ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Wintering Area

SUMMARYThis paper presents evidence for the involvement of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) as vectors in the recent outbreaks of Salmonella montevideo in sheep and cattle in Scotland and suggests that the transfer can take place over considerable distances. The breeding area in Scotland of herring gulls which overwinter in N.E. England is remarkably similar to the geographical distribution of the outbreaks. This pattern, together with the feeding behaviour of herring gulls on farmland, the presence of S. montevideo in herring gulls just before their departure from the wintering area and the timing of the return just before the peak of outbreaks are all circumstantial evidence implicating this gull in the outbreaks. The rapid return of these gulls to their breeding areas means that S. montevideo can be transported long distances in one day and raises the possibility that the original source of S. montevideo could have been in N. E. England rather than in Scotland.

Habitat and breeding cycle of the Least Sandpiper (Calidris minutilla) on Sable Island, Nova Scotia

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2880-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Egg Incubation ◽  
Breeding Failure

Sable Island, Nova Scotia, is the southernmost significant nesting area of the Least Sandpiper. Many birds nest around a single pond complex, which supports a lush vegetation that is heavily grazed by horses. Nests occur there and in nearby dry, sparsely vegetated habitat. Birds start arriving by mid-May (males first), and clutches (including replacement clutches) are completed in a period of 4–5 weeks, from late May to late June. Most eggs are laid in the morning, at intervals averaging 1.2 days. Incubation increases gradually through laying and is ~100% beginning with the last egg. Incubation lasts 20–21 days. Nest and chick mortality is high, mostly due to predation by Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus). Mortality of siblings is contagious. Females which nest successfully begin to migrate south by late June, followed by successful males in early July; individuals of both sexes are seen for about 3 days after the completion of parental behavior. Unsuccessful breeders leave earlier, and fledglings later. On average, males are seen for about 10 days and females for about 7 days following final breeding failure. Adults and fledglings tend to flock assortatively in late summer. General features of the breeding cycle seem to be highly conservative throughout the species' range.

Responsiveness of young herring gulls to stimuli from their own and other species: effects of training with food

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1452-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Herring Gull ◽  
Vocal Responses ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Species Effects ◽  
Initial Tendency ◽  
Food Conditioning

Young herring gulls (Larus argentatus) are known to emit vocalizations and approach their mew-calling parents when the latter return lo the colony with food for their chicks. In contrast, laboratory-reared young deprived of experience with adults approach and vocalize only rarely lo parental mew calls, although they will respond more strongly to the mew calls of two other species. These results suggest that posthatch experience, such as receipt of food from a calling parent, may be important for the normal development of responses to species typical calls. I tested the effects of food training by exposing young herring gulls, in the laboratory, lo mew calls during feedings. By 7 days of age, responses to herring gull calls increased significantly for young trained with these calls, and the initial tendency for the young to respond selectively to mew calls of the ring-billed gull (L. delawarensis) was reversed. Food training also influenced approach and vocal responses to a visual stimulus (my hand) used to deliver food. Results suggest that approach and vocal responses of young herring gulls may be strongly and adaptively influenced by food conditioning during the first few days after hatching.

Changes in fish populations affected by the construction of the La Grande complex (Phase I), James Bay region, Quebec

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1860-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Claude DesLandes ◽  
Sylvie Guénette ◽  
Yves Prairie ◽  
Réjean Fortin ◽  
Dominique Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Complex Phase ◽  
Coregonus Artedii ◽  
Secondary Productivity ◽  
Longnose Sucker ◽  
The Impact

Catches per unit of effort (CPUE) with experimental gill nets, recruitment, growth, and condition were monitored between 1977 and 1992 to evaluate the impact of impoundment on the main fish species of La Grande 2, Opinaca, and Caniapiscau reservoirs and the Boyd–Sakami diversion. CPUE and recruitment of northern pike (Esox lucius) and lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) increased markedly at most stations after impoundment and decreased at the end of the series. The lake whitefish and cisco (Coregonus artedii) showed their most striking rise in CPUE at two bay stations of La Grande 2 and Opinaca reservoirs. CPUE and recruitment of the longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) (Caniapiscau) showed a general decrease following impoundment. CPUE for the walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) also decreased at several stations; however, the two most southerly stations in La Grande 2 reservoir and the Boyd–Sakami station showed high CPUE during the series. Concentration–redistribution phenomena explain part of the observed variations in CPUE. Correlation analyses showed that walleyes and white suckers were attracted to the warmer, more turbid stations, and that the high primary and secondary productivity of bay stations attracted the coregonines. Growth and condition of the main species increased during variable time intervals after impoundment and decreased at the end of the series.

scholarly journals Health of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) in Relation to Breeding Location in the Early 1990s. III. Effects on the Bone Tissue

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (21) ◽  
pp. 1448-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen A. Fox ◽  
Rebecca Lundberg ◽  
Carolina Wejheden ◽  
Lars Lind ◽  
Sune Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Breeding Location

Development of temperature regulation in young birds: evidence for a vocal regulatory mechanism in two species of gulls (Laridae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra O. Wiebe ◽  
Roger M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Larus Argentatus ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Larus Delawarensis ◽  
Regulate Body Temperature

Endothermic thermoregulation is absent in birds until after hatching, and usually requires several hours or days to become fully functional in the young. Cold-induced vocalizations that elicit brooding by a cooperative parent or surrogate constitute an additional thermoregulatory mechanism potentially available to neonates of some avian and probably some mammalian species. We show that newly hatched ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) and herring gulls (Larus argentatus) exposed in the laboratory to moderate chilling (20 °C) had a significantly improved ability to regulate body temperature when rewarmed (34 °C) for brief, 4-min periods in response to cold-induced vocalizations. Spontaneous calling by unchilled yoked controls was ineffective in maintaining body temperature. When chicks reached 3 days of age, vocally regulated temperaturee did not differ from that attained by thermogenesis, but vocally induced periods of rewarming reduced the duration of temperature challenge. The ability to regulate body temperature through vocalizations precedes the development of endothermy in gulls and other species so far examined, and in some species extends functional thermoregulation back to the late embryonic (pipped egg) stage of development.

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