Influence de l'effet de groupe et de la qualité de la plante-hôte sur le cycle évolutif de quatre biotypes du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Auclair ◽  
Regine Aroga
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Virus Dissemination ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Plante Hôte

The influence of aphid population density and excised leaves of broadbean, Vicia faba L., was evaluated on four biotypes of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris); two of these originated from Quebec (J and C) and two from Europe (Lg and Lp). Results indicated that growth of the biotypes feeding singly on excised leaves was reduced compared with that obtained on broadbean plants. Furthermore, excised leaves induced wing formation in the progeny, which occurred in varying proportions, Lg producing the most alatae and C the least. When two young females were placed together on excised leaves for 20 h, the production of alatae in the progeny increased significantly in three biotypes; 95% in Lg, 47% in Lp, and 64% in C. When 10 females were similarly treated, no significant increase in alatae production was observed, except in J where it increased from 18 to 35%. The increased tendency by biotypes C, Lp, and especially Lg to produce more alates indicates a higher migratory potential, favouring multiple infestations of favorable host-plant areas, as well as a greater probability for plant virus dissemination. Clone J, on the other hand, appears more resilient and sedentary and capable of greater localized infestations of host plants.

Density-Dependent Response of the Pea Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to Imidacloprid

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina E. Kramarz ◽  
John E. Banks ◽  
John D. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Initial Starting

A study was conducted to determine the influence of initial population density on the effects of pesticides on pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), populations. Three initial starting densities of pea aphids (147, 295 and 590 aphids per m2) were exposed to no pesticide or imidacloprid at rates of 1 or 5 g ai/ha on broad bean plants, Vicia faba L., in a greenhouse. Ten days later, population size was assessed. In general, higher initial aphid population density resulted in a higher final population density for all imidacloprid concentrations. However, population growth rates for populations started with the highest density (590 aphids per m2) were significantly lower than those with initial densities of 147 and 295 aphids per m2. This was due to a relative reduction in population number. Populations begun with 147 aphids per m2 were 50% lower after exposure to the highest concentration of imidacloprid, whereas the populations begun with 295 and 590 aphids per m2 were 42 and 25% of the starting population size, respectively. Therefore, the pesticide actually had a greater impact on the population started with the highest density. This can be explained by a synergistic effect of the pesticide and crowding. The lower growth rate observed in the population started with the highest density was probably due to crowding, whereby aphids approached the carrying capacity and were stressed. Even though these populations were reduced, final density was still sufficiently high to limit resources. These results indicate that the response of organisms to stress is influenced by population density at the start of a stressful event, such as a pesticide exposure. Therefore, different experimental designs may result in different outcomes and starting population densities must be carefully considered when designing population-level toxicological experiments.

DONNÉES BIOLOGIQUES D’UN BIOTYPE DU PUCERON DU POIS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 876-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bournoville
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid

AbstractA biotype of the pea aphid was characterized. Two host plants were used: broad bean and pea. It was found that the weight during the development, the survival of adults and their fecundity were better on broad bean as compared to pea.

Note on Fecundity of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Caged on Plants of Broad Bean, Vicia faba L., Treated with Various Plant Growth Regulators

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 527-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Insect Populations

The effect on insect populations of the widespread use of plant growth regulators and herbicides is a neglected field. Fox (1948) reported on a relationship between the use of 2,4-D and wireworm damage to wheat. Putnam (1949) suggested that 2,4-D could be an environmental factor in the ecology of grasshoppers. A recent report (Maxwell and Harwood, 1958) indicates that even slight dosages of 2,4-D increase the rate of reproduction of pea aphids on broad beans. This note is a preliminary report on similar investigations with the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and broad bean, Vicia faba L.

scholarly journals Cuticular Structure Proteomics in the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Reveals New Plant Virus Receptor Candidates at the Tip of Maxillary Stylets

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1319-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maëlle Deshoux ◽  
Victor Masson ◽  
Karim Arafah ◽  
Sébastien Voisin ◽  
Natalia Guschinskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Virus ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Virus Receptor ◽  
Cuticular Structure

scholarly journals Effects of Endosymbiont Disruption on the Nutritional Dynamics of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Lv ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wen Sang ◽  
Chang-Zhong Liu ◽  
Bao-Li Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Pea Aphids ◽  
Aphid Host

Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is a worldwide pest that feeds exclusively on the phloem sap of numerous host plants. It harbours a well-known primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola that helps to overcome the nutritional deficiency of a plant-based diet. However, how the Buchnera contributes to the nutritional and energy metabolism of its aphid host is unclear to date. In the current study, the function of Buchnera in relation to nutritional synthesis of pea aphid was investigated by disrupting the primary endosymbiont with an antibiotic rifampicin. Our findings revealed that the disruption of Buchnera led to infertility and higher loss in body mass of aphid hosts. Body length and width were also decreased significantly compared to healthy aphids. The detection of nutrition indicated that the quantity of proteins, soluble sugars, and glycogen in aposymbiotic pea aphids increased slowly with the growth of the aphid host. In comparison, the quantities of all the nutritional factors were significantly lower than those of symbiotic pea aphids, while the quantity of total lipid and neutral fat in aposymbiotic pea aphids were distinctly higher than those of symbiotic ones. Thus, we concluded that the significant reduction of the total amount of proteins, soluble sugars, and glycogen and the significant increase of neutral fats in aposymbiotic pea aphids were due to the disruption of Buchnera, which confirmed that the function of Buchnera is irreplaceable in the pea aphid.

scholarly journals Evidence for specificity in symbiont-conferred protection against parasitoids

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1811) ◽  
pp. 20150977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa H. C. McLean ◽  
H. Charles J. Godfray
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa

Many insects harbour facultative symbiotic bacteria, some of which have been shown to provide resistance against natural enemies. One of the best-known protective symbionts is Hamiltonella defensa , which in pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum ) confers resistance against attack by parasitoid wasps in the genus Aphidius (Braconidae). We asked (i) whether this symbiont also confers protection against a phylogenetically distant group of parasitoids (Aphelinidae) and (ii) whether there are consistent differences in the effects of bacteria found in pea aphid biotypes adapted to different host plants. We found that some H. defensa strains do provide protection against an aphelinid parasitoid Aphelinus abdominalis. Hamiltonella defensa from the Lotus biotype provided high resistance to A. abdominalis and moderate to low resistance to Aphidius ervi , while the reverse was seen from Medicago biotype isolates. Aphids from Ononis showed no evidence of symbiont-mediated protection against either wasp species and were relatively vulnerable to both. Our results may reflect the different selection pressures exerted by the parasitoid community on aphids feeding on different host plants, and could help explain the maintenance of genetic diversity in bacterial symbionts.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF AMITROLE, ZYTRON AND OTHER HERBICIDES OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS), CAGED ON BROAD BEAN, VICIA FABA L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Vicia Faba L

Thirty herbicides or plant growth regulators were tested against the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on broad bean, Vicia faba L. When amitrole at 300, 200 and 100 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water was absorbed by the roots, fecundity of the adults was reduced and mortality of their progeny was 100, 100 and 93.9 per cent respectively. No significant effects on fecundity occurred when amitrole was applied to the leaves or as a contact spray on adult aphids. When Zytron at 3,000, 2,000 and 1,000 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water was absorbed by the roots, mortality of adults was 100, 100 and 95 per cent and of their progeny 100, 100 and 98.6 per cent respectively. When Zytron was applied to the leaves at 8,000, 4,000 and 2,000 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water there was a mortality of adults of 85, 70 and 50 per cent and of nymphs 75.1, 45.4 and 29.9 per cent. The lower mortality of nymphs occurred over a 5-day period, indicating that the initial toxic effects from application to the leaves were soon lost. Mortality of nymphs refers to young aphids born alive and killed by the toxic effects of amitrole or Zytron. Twenty-seven of the chemicals showed no effects on aphids caged on treated plants.

scholarly journals Role of Host Nutrition in Symbiont Regulation: Impact of Dietary Nitrogen on Proliferation of Obligate and Facultative Bacterial Endosymbionts of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1362-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Wilkinson ◽  
R. Koga ◽  
T. Fukatsu
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Obligate Symbiont ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbionts ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The impact of host nutrition on symbiont regulation in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum was investigated. The population density of the obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola positively correlated with dietary nitrogen levels. In contrast, the population density of the facultative symbiont Serratia symbiotica increased in aphids reared on low-nitrogen diets, indicating distinct regulatory mechanisms in the same insect host.

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