Description of Sarcocystis rauschorum sp. n. (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae) with experimental cyclic transmission between varying lemmings (Dicrostonyx richardsoni) and snowy owls (Nyctea scandiaca)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cawthorn ◽  
Alvin A. Gajadhar ◽  
Ronald J. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Snowy Owl

Sarcocystis rauschorum sp. n. (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae) is heteroxenous, with varying lemmings (Dicrostonyx richardsoni) as expermental intermediate hosts and snowy owls (Nyctea scandiaca) as natural and experimental definitive hosts. Free sporocysts of a Sarcocystis-like organism (11.6 × 9.2 μm with a diffuse residuum of numerous small refractile granules) from intestinal scrapings of a naturally infected snowy owl were orally administered to laboratory-reared varying lemmings. Meronts were present 7 days post inoculation (DPI) in hepatocytes. Cysts of S. rauschorum sp. n. developed in striated muscle and contained metrocytes (4.6 × 3.8 μm) 14 DPI; bradyzoites (6 × 2 μm) were present at least as early as 28 DPI. Cysts at 84 DPI were not macroscopic (greatest diameter 80.9 μm, least diameter 70.9 μm) with walls 0.35–0.70 μm thick. Laboratory-reared rats (Rattus norvegicus), house mice (Mus musculus), white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus), red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapped), and brown lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus) were not suitable intermediate hosts. Carcasses of varying lemmings containing cysts (57 and 84 DPI) of S. rauschorum sp. n. were fed to three Sarcocystis-free snowy owls. The prepatent period was 7 days and the patent period 12 – 19 days. Sporogony occurred in the lamina propria throughout the length of the small intestine. Free sporocysts (10.4 × 8.2 μm with a compact residuum of numerous small refractile granules) from experimentally infected owls were infective for varying lemmings.

Description of Sarcocystis campestris sp. n. (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae): a parasite of the badger Taxidea taxus with experimental transmission to the Richardson's ground squirrel, Spermophilus richardsonii

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cawthorn ◽  
Gary A. Wobeser ◽  
Alvin A. Gajadhar
Keyword(s):  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Sporocyst Residuum ◽  
Experimental Transmission ◽  
Taxidea Taxus ◽  
Spermophilus Richardsonii ◽  
Large Round

Sarcocystis campestris sp. n. (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae) is an heteroxenous coccidium with badgers (Taxidea taxus) as natural and experimental definitive hosts and Richardson's ground squirrels (Spermophilus richardsonii) as experimental intermediate hosts. Free sporocysts (10.2 × 8.0 μm with a large, round sporocyst residuum consisting of a single refractile granule), obtained from intestinal scrapings of badgers (carcasses frozen 2 years at −20 °C), were orally administered to juvenile Richardson's ground squirrels. Acute fatal sarcocystosis developed in some squirrels at 11–13 days postinoculation (p.i.). Meronts (second generation) were present 9–12 days p.i. in the vascular endothelium of many tissues (especially the lungs). Cysts developed in skeletal muscle, contained metrocytes (7 × 5 μm) 30 days p.i., and beginning 46 days p.i., bradyzoites (12.0 × 3.5 μm) were present. Cysts were macroscopic as early as 258 days p.i. Squirrel carcasses containing cysts (76 days p.i.) of S. campestris sp. n. were fed to Sarcocystis-free badgers. The prepatent period was 9 days and the patent period at least 13 days. Both badgers were ill early in the patent period and passed unformed feces during the patent period. Free sporocysts were 10.2 × 8.0 μm and each had an elongate sporocyst residuum containing numerous small refractile granules.

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of WBA 8119 as a rodenticide for use against warfarin-resistant and non-resistant rats and mice

1976 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Redfern ◽  
J. E. Gill ◽  
M. R. Hadler
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Commensal Species ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARYFeeding tests were carried out in the laboratory to evaluate WBA 8119 as a potential new rodenticide against wild common rats (Rattus norvegicus), ship rats (R. rattus) and house mice (Mus musculus). The results obtained are compared with data previously obtained for difenacoum, another member of the same series of 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulants.With warfarin-resistant and non-resistant common rats, complete kills were obtained using a concentration of 0·0005% for 2 days, or 0·001 % for 1 day: a 1-day test at 0·0005% killed 6 out of 10 and 17 out of 20 of the two types respectively. At 0·005% complete kills of resistant ship rats were obtained after 2 days exposure and of resistant house mice after 1 day, but at 0·002% for 2 days there was some survival. Non-resistant ship rats and house mice were all killed after 2 days feeding on 0·002% bait.In 2-day palatability tests, R. norvegicus showed no significant aversion to the poison at 0·002% and 100% mortality was obtained. The poison was significantly unpalatable to R. rattus at 0·005% and to M. musculus at 0·005% and 0·002 %, although with the last species these concentrations gave complete kills.It is concluded that WBA 8119 has greater activity than other known anticoagulants against the three commensal species examined. The laboratory results suggest that concentrations between 0·0005% and 0·002% would be suitable for field use against common rats, and between 0·002% and 0·005% for ship rats and house mice.

The ontogeny of a natural food aversion in domestic rats (Rattus norvegicus) and house mice (Mus musculus).

1983 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Carr ◽  
So Young Choi ◽  
Elizabeth Arnholt ◽  
Marc H. Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Food Aversion

scholarly journals Laboratory evaluation of difenacoum as a rodenticide

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Hadler ◽  
R. Redfern ◽  
F. P. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Laboratory Finding ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Anticoagulant Rodenticide ◽  
Complete Control

SUMMARYThe efficacy of difenacoum as a new anticoagulant rodenticide was evaluated by blood coagulation studies and laboratory feeding tests using warfarin-resistant and non-resistant common rats (Rattus norvegicus), ship rats (R. rattus) and house mice (Mus musculus). Prothrombin assays indicated that the compound had as marked an activity with warfarin-resistant common rats as coumatetralyl had with non-resistant animals. Feeding tests confirmed that 0.005% would be a near-optimal concentration for field use, although there was some evidence of unpalatability.Results with ship rats and house mice were less favourable. Trials with enclosed colonies of warfarin-resistant mice confirmed the laboratory finding that although difenacoum was more effective than all other currently used anticoagulants, it was unlikely to give complete control.It is concluded that difenacoum is a valuable new rodenticide, especially for controlling warfarin-resistant common rats.

Eimeria species infecting wood mice (genus Apodemus) and the transfer of two species to Mus musculus

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nowell ◽  
S. Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Wood Mice ◽  
Natural Hosts

SUMMARYCharacteristics of four species of Eimeria isolated from Apodemus sylvaticus are described. From oocyst morphology, three are identified as E. apionodes, E. hungaryensis and E. uptoni, the fourth being unnamed. Cloning demonstrated that oocysts of E. hungaryensis were polymorphic. Previous literature relating to the taxonomy is discussed and discrepancies outlined. Species isolated from A. sylvaticus were not transmissible to Clethrionomys glareolus, but both E. hungaryensis and E. apionodes have been passaged through immunosuppressed laboratory mice, the former species more than 16 times. In both A. sylvaticus and immunosuppressed laboratory mice, endogenous development of E. hungaryensis occurred mainly in enterocytes near the tips of the villi in the first half of the small intestine, with a few parasites in the rest of the small intestine and into the large intestine. The pre-patent period was 2 days in both hosts but oocyst output was higher in the natural hosts. E. apionodes parasitized enterocytes on the sides or at the base of the villi, mainly in the last 90% of the small intestine with a few parasites in the large intestine. The pre-patent period was 7 days. Parasites, probably E. hungaryensis and E. apionodes, were also isolated from A. flavicollis.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INOCULATION OF MEADOW VOLES (MICROTUS PENNSYLVANICUS), HOUSE MICE (MUS MUSCULUS), AND NORWAY RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS) WITH MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy-Anne R. Clarke ◽  
Scott D. Fitzgerald ◽  
Laura S. Zwick ◽  
Steven V. Church ◽  
John B. Kaneene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Meadow Voles ◽  
Experimental Inoculation ◽  
Norway Rats

Oocyst production, late-stage merogony, gametogony, and cross-transmission studies of Eimeria bubonis (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) of the great horned owl, Bubo virginianus

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 2279-2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Cawthorn ◽  
P. H. G. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Endogenous Development ◽  
Patent Period ◽  
Bubo Virginianus ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
Transmission Studies

The study was designed to examine oocyst production, endogenous development and host specificity of Eimeria bubonis (Protozoa: Eimeriidae). Three great horned owls were administered 1.0 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. bubonis orally. Three more great horned owls were each fed two mice which had been previously intubated with sporulated oocysts of E. bubonis. Feces were examined daily after flotation and oocyst production was estimated. One great horned owl was administered 2.25 × 105 sporulated oocysts of E. bubonis, killed 5.5 days later and examined histologically. Domestic chicks were administered oocysts of E. bubonis and their feces examined as above. Mice were administered sporulated oocysts of E. bubonis and then killed sequentially. Tissues of chickens and mice were examined histologically. The prepatent period of E. bubonis in great horned owls was 5.0–6.0 days; the patent period was as short as 4–6 days. Maximal oocyst production occurred 6–7 days after infection. Endogenous development occurred distal to nuclei of villar epithelial cells in the anterior half of the small intestine. E. bubonis was not transmissible to chickens. Pyogranulomas developed and persisted 12 weeks in mice administered E. bubonis; however, there were no stages of E. bubonis infective to great horned owls.

The contribution of raptorial birds to patterning in small mammal assemblages

Paleobiology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Interspecies Variability ◽  
Fossil Assemblages ◽  
Mammal Assemblages

Seven taxa of raptorial birds were experimentally fed a controlled sample of 50 house mice (Mus musculus). Bones recovered from the pellets were examined for interspecies variability in preservation to assess the potential contribution of specific raptors to patterning in fossil assemblages. Quantitative analyses demonstrate that patterns in bone fragmentation may assist in the identification of particular raptor species as depositional agents in small mammal assemblages.

scholarly journals Insights into mammalian biology from the wild house mouse Mus musculus

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Phifer-Rixey ◽  
Michael W Nachman
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
House Mice ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Wild Mice ◽  
Wide Range

The house mouse, Mus musculus, was established in the early 1900s as one of the first genetic model organisms owing to its short generation time, comparatively large litters, ease of husbandry, and visible phenotypic variants. For these reasons and because they are mammals, house mice are well suited to serve as models for human phenotypes and disease. House mice in the wild consist of at least three distinct subspecies and harbor extensive genetic and phenotypic variation both within and between these subspecies. Wild mice have been used to study a wide range of biological processes, including immunity, cancer, male sterility, adaptive evolution, and non-Mendelian inheritance. Despite the extensive variation that exists among wild mice, classical laboratory strains are derived from a limited set of founders and thus contain only a small subset of this variation. Continued efforts to study wild house mice and to create new inbred strains from wild populations have the potential to strengthen house mice as a model system.

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