Major range extensions of anadromous salmonids and first record of chinook salmon in the Mackenzie River drainage

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2183-2184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. McLeod ◽  
J. P. O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Grand Canyon ◽  
River System ◽  
First Record ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Mackenzie River

Spawning migrations of chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), and Arctic cisco Coregonus autumnalis (Pallas), in the Liard River system (Mackenzie River drainage) within the Northwest Territories and British Columbia were documented during the period 1978 to 1981. These species have not been reported previously from the Liard River. The points of capture, as far upstream as the Grand Canyon of the Liard, represent a major southerly range extension in the Mackenzie River drainage and upstream migrations of nearly 2000 km from the Beaufort Sea. The first record of a chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), from the Mackenzie River drainage is reported also. The specimen was collected in the Liard River, Northwest Territories, and was probably a stray, accompanying a spawning escapement of chum salmon.

New Complexities in Zoogeography and Taxonomy of the Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulteri)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1772-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lindsey ◽  
W. G. Franzin
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
The South ◽  
Bristol Bay ◽  
River Drainage ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mackenzie River

Pygmy whitefish (Prosopium coulteri) are recorded for the first time from the Peel–Mackenzie river drainage (Elliott Lake, Yukon Territory) and from the Hudson Bay drainage (Waterton Lakes, Alberta, in the South Saskatchewan–Nelson river system). The morphology of specimens from both localities contradicts the previously known pattern of a southeastern "low-rakered" and a northwestern "high-rakered" form (with the two forms occurring sympatrically in some lakes of the Bristol Bay area). Specimens from Elliott Lake, the most northerly known locality, resemble the southeastern form and those from Waterton Lakes the northwestern form. Both Waterton and Elliott lakes lie close to unglaciated refugia, suggesting that the species may have survived Wisconsin glaciation and diverged in several different watersheds.

Within-river straying: sex and size influence recovery location of hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M.M. Pollock ◽  
Maryam Kamran ◽  
Andrew H. Dittman ◽  
Marc A. Johnson ◽  
David L.G. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
River System ◽  
Classification Tree Analysis ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Elk River ◽  
In The Wild

Salmon straying is often defined as the failure of adults to return to their natal river system. However, straying within a river basin can be problematic if hatchery salmon do not return to their hatchery of origin and subsequently spawn in the wild with natural-origin salmon. We examined within-river straying patterns from 34 years of coded-wire tag data, representing 29 941 hatchery fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Elk River, Oregon, USA. Using classification tree analysis, we found that females and larger salmon were more likely to be recovered on the spawning grounds than males and smaller fish. Females larger than 980 mm had a 51.6% likelihood of recovery on the spawning grounds rather than at the Elk River Hatchery. Our findings raise questions about the behavior of straying adults and implications for management of these stocks, with a focus on methods to reduce within-river straying. We recommend further studies to determine whether carcass recoveries are fully representative of hatchery salmon that stray within the Elk River basin.

In a warming river, natural-origin Chinook salmon spawn later but hatchery-origin conspecifics do not

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Catherine S. Austin ◽  
Timothy E. Essington ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
River System ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Washington State ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Timing Of Reproduction ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Skagit River

Median timing of reproduction in salmonid populations is generally consistent among years, reflecting long-term patterns of natural selection from characteristics of the local environment. However, altered selection from factors related to climate change or human intervention might shift timing over generations, with implications for the population’s persistence. To study these processes, we modeled median timing of redd (nest) counts as an index of spawning timing by natural-origin Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Skagit River system in Washington State, USA. Over the last 2–6 decades, natural-origin salmon have been spawning later by 0.03–0.52 days·year–1, while a naturally spawning group that is influenced by strays from a hatchery has been spawning earlier by 0.19 days·year–1. Trends in the spawning timing of hatchery-origin strays may reflect opposing selection from the hatchery, where egg take for propagation has become earlier by 0.58 days·year–1. As mean August river temperatures have risen over the period of record, hatchery timing trends may be moving in the opposite direction from the plastic or adaptive patterns expressed by natural-origin fish.

A multiple-reach model describing the migratory behavior of Snake River yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W Zabel ◽  
James J Anderson ◽  
Pamela A Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
River System ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Time Step

A multiple-reach model was developed to describe the downstream migration of juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River system. Migration rate for cohorts of fish was allowed to vary by reach and time step. A nested sequence of linear and nonlinear models related the variation in migration rates to river flow, date in season, and experience in the river. By comparing predicted with observed travel times at multiple observation sites along the migration route, the relative performance of the migration rate models was assessed. The analysis was applied to cohorts of yearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) captured at the Snake River Trap near Lewiston, Idaho, and fitted with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags over the 8-year period 1989-1996. The fish were observed at Lower Granite and Little Goose dams on the Snake River and McNary Dam on the Columbia River covering a migration distance of 277 km. The data supported a model containing two behavioral components: a flow term related to season where fish spend more time in regions of higher river velocity later in the season and a flow-independent experience effect where the fish migrate faster the longer they have been in the river.

Homing and Straying in Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from Cowlitz River Hatchery, Washington

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1078-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
Kurt Fresh
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Columbia River ◽  
River System ◽  
Almost All

The patterns of homing and straying of spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Cowlitz River, Washington, were analyzed, based on coded wire tag recoveries. Out of an estimated escapement of 41 085 chinook salmon, 98.6% returned to Cowlitz River and the rest were recovered in other rivers. Almost all strays were within the Columbia River system, and most were found in the Lewis and Kalama rivers, upstream of Cowlitz River. Straying was positively correlated with age at return and negatively correlated with number of returning salmon.

Genetic population structure of broad whitefish, Coregonus nasus, from the Mackenzie River, Northwest Territories: implications for subsistence fishery management

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 905-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les N. Harris ◽  
Eric B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
River System ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Population Structuring ◽  
Mackenzie River

We assayed microsatellite DNA variation among 1013 broad whitefish, Coregonus nasus , from 36 localities within the lower Mackenzie River (Northwest Territories, Canada) to provide the first assessment of fine-scale population structuring of broad whitefish in this large system. Among sampling locations, averaged across all loci, the number of alleles ranged from 3.00 to 6.71 and heterozygosity averaged 0.54. Population subdivision was generally low, but significant (θ = 0.026, P < 0.05), although pairwise comparisons indicated that overall significance was heavily influenced by comparisons between anadromous and lacustrine groups. Bayesian-based STRUCTURE analysis suggested that there are two main genetic groups within our study area: anadromous and lacustrine broad whitefish. A mixture analysis indicated that all populations contribute to the lower Mackenzie River subsistence fishery, yet catches were dominated by Peel River fish, highlighting the importance of this tributary. Our data also supported the idea that there are several units of conservation among Mackenzie River system broad whitefish populations and that management strategies should be implemented accordingly.

Created and Restored Marshes in the Lower Fraser River, British Columbia: Summary of their Functioning as Fish Habitat

1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
CD. Levings ◽  
D.J.H. Nishimura
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus Keta ◽  
Transplant Site

Abstract Ecological comparisons of transplanted, natural (reference) and disrupted (unvegetated) marsh sites on the Fraser River estuary, British Columbia, were conducted between 1991 and 1994. The study examined vegetative biomass and cover, invertebrate abundance, fish abundance, fish residency, fish food, and submergence time for the three habitats. Standing crop biomass at three transplant sites was within the range of values for reference sites, but was much lower at an unstable site where sediment slumping had occurred. The percent cover of Lyngbyei's sedge (Carex lyngbyei) in eight transplant sites was 0.05) was observed among marsh sites when chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and chinook salmon (O. tschawytscha) fry abundance were compared. However, chinook and sockeye smolt catches were significantly different (p&gt;0.05) was observed among marsh sites when chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) and chinook salmon (O. tschawytscha) fry abundance were compared. However, chinook and sockeye smolt catches were significantly different (p&lt;0.05) among marsh sites and were usually higher at disrupted sites. In nine sites in the North Arm and Deas Slough area chum fry residency was examined. At one transplant site (DEI) marked chum fry were caught up to 48 h after release. No fry were caught 1 h after release at a transplant site (Dll) and a disrupted site (DE4). At the remaining sites, fry were caught up to 1 and 3 h after release. At all sites, over 80% of the total number of food organisms examined in chum fry stomachs were harpacticoid copepods. Mean submergence time for reference marshes ranged from 33.2 to 50.7%, but for transplanted sites the value ranged from 26.4 to 60.1%. Our study shows that numerous factors need to be examined in determining if restored marshes will function as natural habitats. The development of a standardized set of reference criteria would assist in evaluating whether or not transplanted marshes are functioning as designed.

Ceratomyxa shasta Noble, 1950 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) present in the Fraser River system of British Columbia

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1991-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
River System ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Steelhead Trout

An examination of 220 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), 84 coho salmon (O. kisutch), 145 steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), and 21 cutthroat trout (S. clarki) for Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) from 16 localities in the Fraser River drainage, British Columbia, showed that at all sites examined these salmonid species were infected, with a prevalence ranging between 11 and 100%. The study concludes that C. shasta, the causative agent of the salmonid disease ceratomyxosis, is widely distributed in the Fraser drainage basin and discusses these results in relation to proposed fish culture in the region.

Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and Chum Salmon (O. keta) Detected by Restriction Enzyme Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Cronin ◽  
William J. Spearman ◽  
Richard L. Wilmot ◽  
John C. Patton ◽  
John W. Bickham
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Chum Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Polymerase Chain

We analyzed intraspecific mitochondrial DNA variation in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from drainages in the Yukon River (Alaska and Yukon Territory), the Kenai River (Alaska), and Oregon and California rivers; and chum salmon (O. keta) from the Yukon River and Vancouver Island, and Washington rivers. For each species, three different portions of the mtDNA molecule were amplified separately using the polymerase chain reaction and then digested with at least 19 restriction enzymes. Intraspecific sequence divergences between haplotypes were less than 0.01 base substitution per nucleotide. Nine chum salmon haplotypes were identified. Yukon River chum salmon stocks displayed more haplotypes (eight) than the stocks of Vancouver Island and Washington (two). The most common chum salmon haplotype occurred in all areas. Seven chinook salmon haplotypes were identified. Four haplotypes occurred in the Yukon and Kenai rivers and four occurred in Oregon/California, with only one haplotype shared between the regions. Sample sizes were too small to quantify the degree of stock separation among drainages, but the patterns of variation that we observed suggest utility of the technique in genetic stock identification.

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